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Summary Kant's philosophy of mathematics brings together many of the signature doctrines in his theoretical philosophy.  On the one hand, Kant famously distinguishes mathematics from logic, and famously claims, furthermore, that the former requires the use of intuition in order to arrive at its basic concepts and principles, and that distinctively mathematical cognition is synthetic rather than analytic.  On the other hand, Kant equally famously claims that the subject-matter of geometry is something that is ideal rather than real, due to the fact that this subject-matter consists in the form of sensible outer appearances, rather than something that pertains to things besides or outside of appearances.  Both claims have proved to be heavily influential in the shaping of subsequent debates in the philosophy of mathematics.
Key works Key discussions of mathematics are found at the beginning and the end of the Critique of Pure Reason, as well as in Part I of the Prolegomena.  There are also important remarks about the role of mathematics in other sciences at the outset of the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science
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  1. Arithmetic and possible experience.Emily Carson - manuscript
    This paper is part of a larger project about the relation between mathematics and transcendental philosophy that I think is the most interesting feature of Kant’s philosophy of mathematics. This general view is that in the course of arguing independently of mathematical considerations for conditions of experience, Kant also establishes conditions of the possibility of mathematics. My broad aim in this paper is to clarify the sense in which this is an accurate description of Kant’s view of the relation between (...)
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  2. Kant, Infinite Space, and Decomposing Synthesis.Aaron Wells - manuscript
    Draft for presentation at the 14th International Kant-Congress, September 2024. -/- Abstract: Kant claims we intuit infinite space. There’s a problem: Kant thinks full awareness of infinite space requires synthesis—the act of putting representations together and comprehending them as one. But our ability to synthesize is finite. Tobias Rosefeldt has argued in a recent paper that Kant’s notion of decomposing synthesis offers a solution. This talk criticizes Rosefeldt’s approach. First, Rosefeldt is committed to nonconceptual yet determinate awareness of (potentially) infinite (...)
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  3. Bolzano's Legacy Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) was an original and independent thinker, who left a lasting legacy in several areas of philosophy. [REVIEW]D. Foellesdal - forthcoming - Grazer Philosophische Studien.
  4. Kant on the Pure Forms of Sensibility.Andrew Stephenson & Anil Gomes - forthcoming - In Andrew Stephenson & Anil Gomes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Kant. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Our aim in this chapter is to shed light on Kant’s account of the pure forms of sensibility by focusing on a somewhat neglected issue: Kant’s restriction of his claims about space and time to the case of human sensibility. Kant argues that space and time are the pure forms of sensibility for human cognizers. But he also says that we cannot know whether space and time are likewise the pure forms of sensibility for all discursive cognizers. A great deal (...)
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  5. Kant on the possibilities of mathematics and the scope and limits of logic.Frode Kjosavik - 2022 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 65 (6):683-706.
    ABSTRACT I suggest how a broadly Kantian critique of classical logic might spring from reflections on constructibility conditions. According to Kant, mathematics is concerned with objects that are given through ‘arbitrary synthesis,’ in the form of ‘constructions of concepts’ in the medium of ‘pure intuition.’ Logic, by contrast, is narrowly constrained – it has no objects of its own and is fixed by the very forms of thought. That is why there is not much room for developments within logic, as (...)
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  6. The Science of the Soul and the Unyielding Architectonic: Kant Versus Wolff on the Foundations of Psychology.Michael Bennett McNulty - 2021 - In Saulo de Freitas Araujo, Thiago Constâncio Ribeiro Pereira & Thomas Sturm (eds.), The Force of an Idea: New Essays on Christian Wolff's Psychology. pp. 251–69.
    Thorough comparison of Immanuel Kant’s and Christian Wolff’s divergent appraisals of the science of psychology reveals various ways in which Kant fundamentally altered the Wolffian philosophical apparatus that he inherited. Wolff conceived of a thoroughgoing interplay between empirical and rational psychology, of combining different sorts of cognition in psychology, and of a mathematical science of the soul, or psychometrics. Kant however rejected each of these particular theses and deemed psychology to be no natural science, “properly so-called.” This chapter details these (...)
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  7. Hermann Cohen’s Principle of the Infinitesimal Method: A Defense.Scott Edgar - 2020 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 10 (2):440-470.
    In Bertrand Russell's 1903 Principles of Mathematics, he offers an apparently devastating criticism of the neo-Kantian Hermann Cohen's Principle of the Infinitesimal Method and its History (PIM). Russell's criticism is motivated by his concern that Cohen's account of the foundations of calculus saddles mathematics with the paradoxes of the infinitesimal and continuum, and thus threatens the very idea of mathematical truth. This paper defends Cohen against that objection of Russell's, and argues that properly understood, Cohen's views of limits and infinitesimals (...)
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  8. »Es ist so, weil ich es so mache.« Fichtes Methode der Konstruktion.Jelscha Schmid - 2020 - Fichte-Studien 48 (2):389-412.
    In this paper I develop an account of Fichte’s conception of philosophical construction. Following the latter’s definition of philosophy as the ‘science of science’, philosophy is to be understood as a normative theory of what should qualify as science. In order to ground scientific knowledge-production as such, philosophy itself has to acquire a scientific method, through the application of which the constitution of scientific knowledge is secured. In systematic continuity to Kant’s account of geometrical construction, Fichte develops a philosophical method (...)
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  9. Maria Borges, Emotion, Reason and Action in Kant, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019 Pp. 209 ISBN: 978-1-3500-7836-9 (hbk) $114.00. [REVIEW]Marijana Vujošević - 2020 - Kantian Review 25 (3):504-508.
  10. Die Dichotomie analytisch-synthetisch bei Frege unter Berücksichtigung von Kant.Matthias Schirn - 2019 - Kant Studien 110 (1):74-125.
  11. Kant’s Account of the Sublime as Critique.Rachel Zuckert - 2019 - Kant Yearbook 11 (1):101-119.
    Kant’s account of the sublime in the Critique of Judgment has been extremely influential, prompting extensive discussion of the psychology, affect, moral significance, and relevance to artistic representation of the sublime on his provocative view. I focus instead on Kant’s account of the mathematical sublime in connection to his theoretical critical project, namely his attempt to characterize human cognitive powers and to limit human pretensions to knowledge of the supersensible. I argue, first, that his account of the psychology of the (...)
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  12. Intuition and ecthesis: the exegesis of Jaakko Hintikka on mathematical knowledge in kant's doctrine.María Carolina Álvarez Puerta - 2017 - Apuntes Filosóficos 26 (50):32-55.
    Hintikka considers that the “Transcendental Deduction” includes finding the role that concepts in the effort is meant by human activities of acquiring knowledge; and it affirms that the principles governing human activities of knowledge can be objective rules that can become transcendental conditions of experience and no conditions contingent product of nature of human agents involved in the know. In his opinion, intuition as it is used by Kant not be understood in the traditional way, ie as producer of mental (...)
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  13. Kants Konzeption der geometrischen Darstellung.Arno Schubbach Pd Corresponding Authoreth Zürich Professur Für Philosophie, Clausiusstrasse Ch – Zürich & Schweiz Switzerlandemail: - 2017 - Kant Studien 108 (1).
    Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 108 Heft: 1 Seiten: 19-54.
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  14. Kants Konzeption der geometrischen Darstellung.Arno Schubbach - 2017 - Kant Studien 108 (1):19-54.
    Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 108 Heft: 1 Seiten: 19-54.
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  15. Teoria crítica da sensibilidade e contrapartidas incongruentes em Kant.Marcos Seneda - 2017 - Kant E-Prints 12 (2):10-27.
    A Estética Transcendental é uma peça chave no programa de pesquisa que Kant desenvolveu e nomeou de filosofia transcendental. Ela se anuncia na Dissertação de 1770 e se configura de forma bem explícita na primeira edição da Crítica da razão pura, de 1781. O modo como Kant a concebeu permitiu-lhe separar radicalmente intelecto e sensibilidade, mas seria importante compreender a raiz dessa separação. Nesse texto procuramos mostrar que o opúsculo “Sobre o primeiro fundamento da distinção de direções no espaço”, de (...)
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  16. Die Projektion des Schematismus in den vorkritischen Schriften Kants: Das Problem der mathematischen Konstruktion.Alba Jiménez Alba Rodríguez - 2016 - Kant Studien 107 (3):429-450.
    Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 107 Heft: 3 Seiten: 429-450.
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  17. Chemistry in Kant’s Opus Postumum.Michael Bennett McNulty - 2016 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 6 (1):64-95.
    In his Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft (MAN), Kant claims that chemistry is an improper, though rational science. The chemistry to which Kant confers this status is the phlogistic chemistry of, for instance, Georg Stahl. In his Opus Postumum (OP), however, Kant espouses a broadly Lavoiserian conception of chemistry. In particular, Kant endorses Antoine Lavoisier's elements, oxygen theory of combustion, and role for the caloric. As Lavoisier's lasting contribution to chemistry, according to some histories of the science, was his emphasis on (...)
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  18. The difference between original, metaphysical, and geometrical representations of space.Clinton Tolley - 2016 - In Dennis Schulting (ed.), Kantian Nonconceptualism. Palgrave. pp. 257-285.
  19. The Poverty of Conceptual Truth: Kant's Analytic/Synthetic Distinction and the Limits of Metaphysics.Robert Lanier Anderson - 2015 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    R. Lanier Anderson presents a new account of Kant's distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments, and provides it with a clear basis within traditional logic. He reconstructs compelling claims about the syntheticity of elementary mathematics, and re-animates Kant's arguments against traditional metaphysics in the Critique of Pure Reason.
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  20. Kant: Studies on Mathematics in the Critical Philosophy.Emily Carson & Lisa Shabel (eds.) - 2015 - Routledge.
    There is a long tradition, in the history and philosophy of science, of studying Kant’s philosophy of mathematics, but recently philosophers have begun to examine the way in which Kant’s reflections on mathematics play a role in his philosophy more generally, and in its development. For example, in the Critique of Pure Reason , Kant outlines the method of philosophy in general by contrasting it with the method of mathematics; in the Critique of Practical Reason , Kant compares the Formula (...)
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  21. Mathematics in Kant's Critical Philosophy.Emily Carson & Lisa Shabel (eds.) - 2015 - Routledge.
    There is a long tradition, in the history and philosophy of science, of studying Kant’s philosophy of mathematics, but recently philosophers have begun to examine the way in which Kant’s reflections on mathematics play a role in his philosophy more generally, and in its development. For example, in the Critique of Pure Reason , Kant outlines the method of philosophy in general by contrasting it with the method of mathematics; in the Critique of Practical Reason , Kant compares the Formula (...)
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  22. Introduction from The Principle of the Infinitesimal Method and Its History (1883).Hermann Cohen, David Hyder & Lydia Patton - 2015 - In Sebastian Luft (ed.), The Neo-Kantian Reader. Routledge.
    A translation of the Introduction to Hermann Cohen's 1883 work The Principle of the Infinitesimal Method and Its History.
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  23. The Relationship of Logic to Physics, from the Introduction to the ninth edition of Lange’s History of Materialism (1914).Hermann Cohen & Lydia Patton - 2015 - In Sebastian Luft (ed.), The Neo-Kantian Reader. Routledge.
    A translation of one section of Hermann Cohen's introduction to Friedrich Albert Lange's History of Materialism.
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  24. Explanation and the dimensionality of space: Kant’s argument revisited.Silvia De Bianchi & J. D. Wells - 2015 - Synthese 192 (1):287-303.
    The question of the dimensionality of space has informed the development of physics since the beginning of the twentieth century in the quest for a unified picture of quantum processes and gravitation. Scientists have worked within various approaches to explain why the universe appears to have a certain number of spatial dimensions. The question of why space has three dimensions has a genuinely philosophical nature that can be shaped as a problem of justifying a contingent necessity of the world. In (...)
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  25. Cognition Content and a Priori: A Study in the Philosophy of Mind and Knowledge.Robert Hanna - 2015 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
    Robert Hanna works out a unified contemporary Kantian theory of rational human cognition and knowledge. Along the way, he provides accounts of intentionality and its contents, sense perception and perceptual knowledge, the analytic-synthetic distinction, the nature of logic, and a priori truth and knowledge in mathematics, logic, and philosophy. This book is specifically intended to reach out to two very different audiences: contemporary analytic philosophers of mind and knowledge, and contemporary Kantian philosophers or Kant-scholars. At the same time, it rides (...)
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  26. Chapter 18. Herder’s Notes on Kant’s Mathematics Course.Antonio Moretto - 2015 - In Robert R. Clewis (ed.), Reading Kant's Lectures. De Gruyter. pp. 418-454.
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  27. Thomas C. Vinci, Space, Geometry, and Kant’s Transcendental Deduction of the Categories Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014 Pp. xii + 251 ISBN 9780199381166 $74.00. [REVIEW]Justin B. Shaddock - 2015 - Kantian Review 20 (3):501-506.
  28. What Does It Mean That “Space Can Be Transcendental Without the Axioms Being So”?: Helmholtz’s Claim in Context.Francesca Biagioli - 2014 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 45 (1):1-21.
    In 1870, Hermann von Helmholtz criticized the Kantian conception of geometrical axioms as a priori synthetic judgments grounded in spatial intuition. However, during his dispute with Albrecht Krause (Kant und Helmholtz über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Raumanschauung und der geometrischen Axiome. Lahr, Schauenburg, 1878), Helmholtz maintained that space can be transcendental without the axioms being so. In this paper, I will analyze Helmholtz’s claim in connection with his theory of measurement. Helmholtz uses a Kantian argument that can be (...)
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  29. Kant on the Acquisition of Geometrical Concepts.John J. Callanan - 2014 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44 (5-6):580-604.
    It is often maintained that one insight of Kant's Critical philosophy is its recognition of the need to distinguish accounts of knowledge acquisition from knowledge justification. In particular, it is claimed that Kant held that the detailing of a concept's acquisition conditions is insufficient to determine its legitimacy. I argue that this is not the case at least with regard to geometrical concepts. Considered in the light of his pre-Critical writings on the mathematical method, construction in the Critique can be (...)
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  30. Mendelssohn and Kant on Mathematics and Metaphysics.John J. Callanan - 2014 - Kant Yearbook 6 (1):1-22.
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  31. Richard Tieszen, After Gödel. Platonism and Rationalism in Mathematics and Logic.: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011. [REVIEW]Stefania Centrone - 2014 - Husserl Studies 30 (2):153-162.
    It is well known that Husserl, together with Plato and Leibniz, counted among Gödel’s favorite philosophers and was, in fact, an important source and reference point for the elaboration of Gödel’s own philosophical thought. Among the scholars who emphasized this connection we find, as Richard Tieszen reminds us, Gian-Carlo Rota, George Kreisel, Charles Parsons, Heinz Pagels and, especially, Hao Wang. Right at the beginning of After Gödel we read: “The logician who conducted and recorded the most extensive philosophical discussions with (...)
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  32. Arbitrary combination and the use of signs in mathematics: Kant’s 1763 Prize Essay and its Wolffian background.Katherine Dunlop - 2014 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44 (5-6):658-685.
    In his 1763 Prize Essay, Kant is thought to endorse a version of formalism on which mathematical concepts need not apply to extramental objects. Against this reading, I argue that the Prize Essay has sufficient resources to explain how the objective reference of mathematical concepts is secured. This account of mathematical concepts’ objective reference employs material from Wolffian philosophy. On my reading, Kant's 1763 view still falls short of his Critical view in that it does not explain the universal, unconditional (...)
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  33. ‘With a Philosophical Eye’: the role of mathematical beauty in Kant's intellectual development.Courtney David Fugate - 2014 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44 (5-6):759-788.
    This paper shows that Kant's investigation into mathematical purposiveness was central to the development of his understanding of synthetic a priori knowledge. Specifically, it provides a clear historical explanation as to why Kant points to mathematics as an exemplary case of the synthetic a priori, argues that his early analysis of mathematical purposiveness provides a clue to the metaphysical context and motives from which his understanding of synthetic a-priori knowledge emerged, and provides an analysis of the underlying structure of mathematical (...)
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  34. Poincaré’s Probabilities, Kantified, Post-Modernized. [REVIEW]Clark Glymour - 2014 - Biological Theory 9 (1):113-114.
    One of a pair of reviews of Michael Strevens’ book, Tychomancy: Inferring Probability from Causal Structure, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2013, pp 265, $39.95 hbk, ISBN 978-0674073111. See also Bookstein (2014, this issue).
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  35. Kant on real definitions in geometry.Jeremy Heis - 2014 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44 (5-6):605-630.
    This paper gives a contextualized reading of Kant's theory of real definitions in geometry. Though Leibniz, Wolff, Lambert and Kant all believe that definitions in geometry must be ‘real’, they disagree about what a real definition is. These disagreements are made vivid by looking at two of Euclid's definitions. I argue that Kant accepted Euclid's definition of circle and rejected his definition of parallel lines because his conception of mathematics placed uniquely stringent requirements on real definitions in geometry. Leibniz, Wolff (...)
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  36. Review of Michael Friedman, Kant’s Construction of Nature. [REVIEW]David Hyder - 2014 - Isis 105 (2):433-435.
  37. The aim of Russell’s early logicism: a reinterpretation.Anders Kraal - 2014 - Synthese 191 (7):1-18.
    I argue that three main interpretations of the aim of Russell’s early logicism in The Principles of Mathematics (1903) are mistaken, and propose a new interpretation. According to this new interpretation, the aim of Russell’s logicism is to show, in opposition to Kant, that mathematical propositions have a certain sort of complete generality which entails that their truth is independent of space and time. I argue that on this interpretation two often-heard objections to Russell’s logicism, deriving from Gödel’s incompleteness theorem (...)
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  38. Spatial representation, magnitude and the two stems of cognition.Thomas Land - 2014 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44 (5-6):524-550.
    The aim of this paper is to show that attention to Kant's philosophy of mathematics sheds light on the doctrine that there are two stems of the cognitive capacity, which are distinct, but equally necessary for cognition. Specifically, I argue for the following four claims: The distinctive structure of outer sensible intuitions must be understood in terms of the concept of magnitude. The act of sensibly representing a magnitude involves a special act of spontaneity Kant ascribes to a capacity he (...)
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  39. Kant on conic sections.Alison Laywine - 2014 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44 (5-6):719-758.
    This paper tries to make sense of Kant's scattered remarks about conic sections to see what light they shed on his philosophy of mathematics. It proceeds by confronting his remarks with the source that seems to have informed his thinking about conic sections: the Conica of Apollonius. The paper raises questions about Kant's attitude towards mathematics and the way he understood the cognitive resources available to us to do mathematics.
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  40. Kant on Chemistry and the Application of Mathematics in Natural Science.Michael Bennett McNulty - 2014 - Kantian Review 19 (3):393-418.
    In his Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft, Kant claims that chemistry is a science, but not a proper science (like physics), because it does not adequately allow for the application of mathematics to its objects. This paper argues that the application of mathematics to a proper science is best thought of as depending upon a coordination between mathematically constructible concepts and those of the science. In physics, the proper science that exhausts the a priori knowledge of objects of the outer sense, (...)
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  41. Russell's Principles of Mathematics and the Revolution in Marburg Neo-Kantianism.Thomas Oberdan - 2014 - Perspectives on Science 22 (4):523-544.
    Marburg Neo-Kantianism has attracted substantial interest among contemporary philosophers drawn by its founding idea that the success of advanced theoretical science is a given fact and it is the task of philosophical inquiry to ground the objectivity of scientific achievement in its a priori sources (Cohen and Natorp 1906, p. i). The Marburg thinkers realized that recent advances and developments in the mathematical sciences had changed the character of Kant’s transcendental project, demanding new methods and approaches to establish the objectivity (...)
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  42. Kant, Kästner and the Distinction between Metaphysical and Geometric Space.Christian Onof & Dennis Schulting - 2014 - Kantian Review 19 (2):285-304.
  43. Kant y el problema de la geometría.José Manuel Osorio - 2014 - Estudios de Filosofía (Universidad de Antioquia) 12:56-72.
    Geometry is an a priori science. However, its apriority is saddled with problems. The aim of this paper will be to show 1) how Kant understands that the contents of geometry are synthetic a priori judgments in the Critique of Pure Reason, and 2) if it’s still relevant to study Kant’s theory of geometry after the challenges posed by non-Euclidian theories of space. With respect to point 1: Kant understands geometry as the discipline that objectifies the pure intuition of space. (...)
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  44. Kant - On Kästner's Treatises.Dennis Schulting & Christian Onof - 2014 - Kantian Review 19 (2):305–313.
    An integral translation of Kant's 'Über Kästners Abhandlungen' (AA XX: 410-23). This translation is accompanied by an introductory essay on the importance of the Kästner treatise for an understanding of Kant's theory of space as infinite. See Onof & Schulting, "Kant, Kästner and the Distinction between Metaphysical and Geometrical Space".
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  45. Kant on the construction and composition of motion in the Phoronomy.Daniel Sutherland - 2014 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44 (5-6):686-718.
    This paper examines the role of Kant's theory of mathematical cognition in his phoronomy, his pure doctrine of motion. I argue that Kant's account of how we can construct the composition of motion rests on the construction of extended intervals of space and time, and the representation of the identity of the part–whole relations the construction of these intervals allow. Furthermore, the construction of instantaneous velocities and their composition also rests on the representation of extended intervals of space and time, (...)
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  46. Kant und die Philosophie in weltbürgerlicher Absicht. Akten des XI. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses.Stefano Bacin, Alfredo Ferrarin, Claudio La Rocca & Margit Ruffing (eds.) - 2013 - Boston: de Gruyter.
    The five-volume set Kant and Philosophy in a Cosmopolitan Sense contains the proceedings of the Eleventh International Kant Congress, which took place in Pisa in 2010. The proceedings consist of 25 plenary talks and 341 papers selected by a team of international referees from over 700 submissions. The contributions span 14 sections: Kant’s Concept of Philosophy; Theory of Cognition and Logic; Ontology and Metaphysics; Ethics; Law and Justice; Religion and Theology; Aesthetics; Anthropology and Psychology; Politics and History; Science, Mathematics, and (...)
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  47. Diagrammatic Reasoning: Some Notes on Charles S. Peirce and Friedrich A. Lange.Francesco Bellucci - 2013 - History and Philosophy of Logic 34 (4):293 - 305.
    According to the received view, Charles S. Peirce's theory of diagrammatic reasoning is derived from Kant's philosophy of mathematics. For Kant, only mathematics is constructive/synthetic, logic being instead discursive/analytic, while for Peirce, the entire domain of necessary reasoning, comprising mathematics and deductive logic, is diagrammatic, i.e. constructive in the Kantian sense. This shift was stimulated, as Peirce himself acknowledged, by the doctrines contained in Friedrich Albert Lange's Logische Studien (1877). The present paper reconstructs Peirce's reading of Lange's book, and illustrates (...)
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  48. Between Kantianism and Empiricism: Otto Hölder's Philosophy of Geometry.Francesca Biagioli - 2013 - Philosophia Scientiae 17 (17-1):71-92.
    La philosophie de la géométrie de Hölder, si l’on s’en tient à une lecture superficielle, est la part la plus problématique de son épistémologie. Il soutient que la géométrie est fondée sur l’expérience à la manière de Helmholtz, malgré les objections sérieuses de Poincaré. Néanmoins, je pense que la position de Hölder mérite d’être discutée pour deux motifs. Premièrement, ses implications méthodologiques furent importantes pour le développement de son épistémologie. Deuxièmement, Poincaré utilise l’opposition entre le kantisme et l’empirisme comme un (...)
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  49. Between Kantianism and Empiricism: Otto Hölder’s Philosophy of Geometry.Francesca Biagioli - 2013 - Philosophia Scientiae 17:71-92.
    La philosophie de la géométrie de Hölder, si l’on s’en tient à une lecture superficielle, est la part la plus problématique de son épistémologie. Il soutient que la géométrie est fondée sur l’expérience à la manière de Helmholtz, malgré les objections sérieuses de Poincaré. Néanmoins, je pense que la position de Hölder mérite d’être discutée pour deux motifs. Premièrement, ses implications méthodologiques furent importantes pour le développement de son épistémologie. Deuxièmement, Poincaré utilise l’opposition entre le kantisme et l’empirisme comme un (...)
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  50. Reply to Edward Kanterian.Graham Bird - 2013 - Kantian Review 18 (2):289-300.
    The reply to Kanterian offers a rebuttal of his central criticisms. It reaffirms the difference between Kant's arguments in the Aesthetic and at B 148-9; it rejects the alleged error of logic in Fischer's (and my) arguments; and it rejects Kanterian's reading of passages in the Preface (A xx-xxii) and of the Amphiboly. Beyond these specific points Kanterian assumes that Kant's project in the first Critique cannot be understood as a and so begs the question at issue.
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