Dissociative identity disorder is a dissociative disorder that gained a significant rise in the past few decades. There has been less than 50 DID cases recorded between 1922 and 1972, while 20,000 cases are recorded by 1990. Therefore, it becomes of great significant to assess the various concepts related to DID to further understand the disorder. The current review has a goal of understanding whether an individual suffering from DID is legally responsible for the committed crime, and whether or not (...) he or she can be considered competent to stand trial. These two questions are to be raised in understanding DID, by first shedding a light on the nature of the disorder and second by examining the past legal case examples. Despite the very nature of the disorder is characterized by dissociative amnesia and the fact that the host personality may have limited or no contact with the alters, there is no consensus within the legal system whether the DID patients should be responsible for their actions. Further to that, courts generally deny the insanity claims for DID suffering patients. In conclusion, more studies in the field are suggested to incorporate primary data into research, as the extensive reliance on secondary data forces us to believe the conclusions that were previously made, and no opportunity to verify those conclusions is present. (shrink)

The task of the congress of the German Society for Semiotics in Passau / Germany in September 2017 was to explore and describe "boundaries". A total of 12 sections of the society wrote a call for paper for this purpose. With the present anthology it has to be made evident, how concretely also the boundaries of the own, the other and the foreign can be negotiated via pictures. -/- Papers: -/- - Martina Sauer: Ikonische Grenzverläufe. Szenarien des Eigenen, Anderen und (...) Fremden im Bild. Eine Einführung, 4 - Barbara Margarethe Eggert: Das andere Geschlecht im Altarraum – exklusive Textilien als inklusive Medien. Studien zum Gösser Ornat, 7 - Birke Sturm: Politik der Schönheit: Zur Konstruktion einer ›wissenschaftlichen‹ Bildästhetik schöner weiblicher Körper um 1900 am Beispiel des Gynäkologen Carl Heinrich Stratz, 22 - Melis Avkiran: Das rassifizierte Fremde im Bild. Zur Genese differenzbildender Konzepte in der Kunst des 15. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel des Malers Hans Memling, 40 - Leonie Licht: weiß zwischen schwarz zwischen weiß – Geschichten von Identität im Bild, 75 - Julia Austermann: Queere Interventionen im kommunistischen Polen – Krzysztof Jung und sein ›plastisches Theater‹, 91 - Sabine Engel: Tizians Porträt der Laura Dianti. Aneignung und Transformation zwischen Orient und Okzident, 111 - Anna Christina Schütz: Osman Hamdi Beys Türkische Straßenszene. Der Teppich als Verhandlungsort kultureller Identitäten im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert, 146 - Benjamin Häger, Claudia Jürgens: Ikonische Stadtstrategien. Das Fassadenplakat und die Musterfassade als Instrumente machtpolitischer Repräsentation, 175 - Irene Schütze: Fehlende Verweise, rudimentäre ›Markierungen‹: aufgeweichte Grenzverläufe zwischen Kunst und Alltag, 204 - Stefan Römer: Interesse an und in einem Bildarchiv für Migrant/innen und Flüchtlinge, 221 - Viola Nordsieck: Von der Fähigkeit, einen Stuhl zu ignorieren. A. N. Whiteheads Konzept der Wahrnehmung als symbolisierender Tätigkeit und die Art, wie wir Bilder als Bilder sehen, 239 - David Jöckel: Mythos und Bild. Roland Barthes’ Semiologie bildlicher Stereotypisierung, 255 -/- - Kurzbiographien der Autorinnen und Autoren, 274 - Impressum, 278. (shrink)

First published in 1961. Foreword by Arthur Kemp. Includes bibliographical references.

This chapter explores Michel Foucault's contribution to a critical assessment of modern and contemporary psychiatric practice. It focuses firstly on the History of Madness : the social, political, cultural, epistemological construction of the object "psychiatric patient" and "psychiatric pathology"; the gradual historical shift from "madness" to "psychiatric pathology" and its social and epistemological consequences; the horizons and limits of the romantic task Foucault assumes on this basis ; the critique Jacques Derrida formulated about this project, and particularly about Foucault's reading (...) of Descartes. Secondly, it examines Foucault's course on Psychiatric Power, focusing on the sociopolitical consequences of this medicalization process: i.e., the construction of the object "psychiatric patient" as "disciplinated bodies", and the general context of this anthropological metamorphosis Foucault studied in his books Discipline and Punish, The Will to Knowledge, and in his course Naissance de la biopolitique. (shrink)

Merleau-Ponty’s article, “La guerre a eu lieu”, contains, as has been said, a kind of new phenomenology of perception. Its research question could be formulated as follows. What prevented German-occupied France from perceiving the enemy as an enemy for so many months or years of alienating cohabitation? The “drôle de guerre” would, among other things, be linked to this singular perceptual impasse. An impasse that is as dramatic as instructive, since it shows that war and politics have nothing to do (...) with handling the friend/enemy dialectical opposition Carl Schmitt situated at the center of his philosophy. Rather, they have to do with handling an adialectical field in which that opposition is not yet delineated and perceptible, but is rather evolving in a continuity and ambiguity that constitute the real (and in this sense immoral) matter of politics and war. (shrink)

«Quando entro in una macelleria, mi stupisco sempre di non esserci io, lì appeso, al posto dell’animale». Così il pittore Francis Bacon in una conversazione con David Sylvester, che Mauro Carbone riprende e discute nel volume agile e prezioso, che qui presentiamo, dedicato alla nozione di “carne”. Una nozione che, pur antichissima nella storia della cultura europea, torna d’attualità nel dibattito filosofico contemporaneo con la fenomenologia e con il suo progetto di ricondurre l’esperienza,...

The article examines the main features of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of nature and, more specifically, the reasons that led it to some consonance with that of the young Simondon. At the center of this recognition, the question of processuality and the pre-Socratic suggestions about a philosophy of the elements. The aim is to derive a need, which, if it remained unfulfilled in Merleau-Ponty, was instead expressed in Simondon and in many contemporary philosophies of nature, e.g. that of Bruno Latour, to whom (...) some space is devoted. That is, the need to bring into focus that substantial indiscernibility between nature and technique, which becomes an evidence if one enters into the idea of process. It is to the ethical and political consequences of this indiscernibility that the article’s conclusions are dedicated. More precisely, these conclusions suggest that only a thought of the indiscernibility between nature and technology has ethical and political consequences, i.e. allows the design of a system of regulations capable of concretely and sustainably modulating the human impact on the planet. (shrink)

Il saggio intende sviluppare una fenomenologia della violenza, a partire dagli Scritti di Franco Basaglia, che ha studiato il problema della violenza nell’istituzione psichiatrica e ha riflettuto sulla questione in una prospettiva fenomenologica. La sua tesi fondamentale è stata che la violenza dell’istituzione consista in una sostituzione e in un’alienazione. Il corpo vissuto, l’identità originaria di una persona, le sue esperienze e i suoi pensieri sarebbero rimpiazzati da quelli dell’istituzione, che diverrebbe così il ‘corpo’ di quella persona. La fenomenologia di (...) Basaglia traccia quindi, al seguito di Husserl, un’opposizione netta tra esperienza vissuta e istituzione, soggettività e segno sociale, identità privata e marca culturale. Possiamo tuttavia accogliere questa opposizione tanto semplice e trasparente? E in caso negativo, se la violenza non potesse essere descritta come la semplice irruzione dell’istituzione nello spazio del soggetto, se questa irruzione dell’Altro fosse anzi costitutiva del soggetto stesso, come pensare la violenza? Come definire una ‘politica’ di questa violenza originaria?This essay tries to develop a phenomenology of violence. Its approach is based on the Writings of Franco Basaglia, who studied the phaenomenon of violence in the psychiatric institutions and reflected on this issue from a phenomenological point of view. His main theses was that institutional violence means substitution and alienation. The lived body, the originary identity of a person, his experiences and thoughts are replaced by those of the institution. The institution itself becomes the ‘body’ of that person. Basaglia’s phenomenology thus traces, with Husserl, a neat opposition between lived experience and institution, subjectivity and social sign, private identity and cultural mark. Can we trust this simple and transparent opposition? And if violence cannot be described as an irruption of the institution in the subject’s space, if this irruption of the Other is constitutive of the subject itself, how to define violence? And how to define a ‘politics’ of this originary violence? (shrink)

This article aims through a study of the epigraphy of Pope Damasus, to reconstruct the ideal society that was shown to the pilgrim who went to the loca sanctorum in the Urbs. Taking into account the pastoral, political and ideological elements of Damasian epigraphy, it shows that the choice of martyrs and subjects which were celebrated responded to the increasing numbers of nobles within Roman Christian society after the peace of Constantine. Damasus tried to accommodated himself to the sensibilities of (...) the minor aristocracy of Rome and the emerging clergy, without renouncing its hierarchical organization of the Church in line with the social and ecclesial tendencies of the second half of the fourth century, when Roma christiana came into being. (shrink)

This article examines Merleau-Ponty’s idea of an “ontological psychoanalysis” and extends it in a close dialogue both internal to Merleau-Ponty (his reflection on fetishism and the Kleinian partial object, the phenomenology of hallucination, his dissolution of ontology and the resolution of the flesh in a framework of events or a becoming of becomings) and external to Merleau-Ponty: on the one hand, with Lacan and his Seminar X (the idea of the object little-a, its possible double reading as object-divergence and as (...) event of divergence always in progress); and, on the other hand, with the Bergson of Matter and Memory (his idea of the image in itself: in Lacanian language, a kind of splinter of the real, without relation, autistic, hallucinatory) and with the Bergsonian idea of philosophical gesture (that Merleau-Ponty himself takes up, as we know, in In Praise of Philosophy). The guiding idea is that a psychoanalytic process is an experimental ontology: experimentation with being and of being, and with a being that is the result of its own staging [mise en expérience], in its own becoming through experience and experimentations, in its own future as divergence and its own movement of diverging. And the idea is also that philosophy, or at least a certain idea of philosophy, that of Merleau-Ponty’s Praise, proceeds in the same direction.L’article interroge l’idée merleau-pontienne d’une « psychanalyse ontologique » et la prolonge dans un dialogue serré interne à Merleau-Ponty (sa réflexion sur le fétichisme et sur l’objet partiel kleinien, la phénoménologie de l’hallucination, la dissolution merleau-pontienne de l’ontologie et la résolution de la chair dans une trame d’événements ou un devenir de devenirs) et externe à Merleau-Ponty : d’un côté avec Lacan et son Séminaire X (l’idée d’objet petit a, sa double lecture possible comme objet-écart et comme événement d’un s’écarter toujours en cours) ; de l’autre côté avec le Bergson de Matière et mémoire (son idée d’image en soi : en langage lacanien, une sorte de scheggia de réel, sans relation, autistique, hallucinatoire) et avec l’idée bergsonienne de geste philosophique (que Merleau-Ponty lui-même reprend, comme on le sait, dans Eloge de la philosophie. L’idée directrice est qu’un parcours psychanalytique est une ontologie expérimentale : une expérimentation avec l’être et de l’être, et avec un être qui résulte de sa propre mise en expérience, dans son propre devenir par l’expérience et par les expérimentations, dans son propre advenir comme écart et son propre mouvement d’écartement. Et aussi, que la philosophie, ou au moins une certaine idée de la philosophie, celle de l’Eloge merleau-pontien, procède dans la même direction.L’articolo muove dall’idea merleau-pontyana di una “psicoanalisi ontologica” interrogandola e prolungandola in uno stretto dialogo interno a Merleau-Ponty (la sua riflessione sul feticismo e sull’oggetto parziale kleiniano, la fenomenologia dell’allucinazione, la dissoluzione merleau-pontyana dell’ontologia e la risoluzione della carne in una trama di eventi o un divenire di divenire) ed esterno a Merleau-Ponty: da un lato con Lacan e con il suo Seminario X (l’idea di oggetto a piccolo, la sua doppia lettura possibile come oggetto-scarto e come evento di uno scartarsi sempre in corso); dall’altro con il Bergson di Materia e memoria (la sua idea di immagine in sé: lacanianamente, una sorta di scheggia di reale, irrelato, autistico, allucinatorio) e con l’idea bergsoniana di gesto filosofico (che lo stesso Merleau-Ponty riprende, com’è noto, in Elogio della filosofia). L’idea guida è che un percorso psicoanalitico sia un’ontologia sperimentale: un esperimento con l’essere e dell’essere, e con un essere o di un essere risolto nel suo proprio sperimentarsi, nel suo proprio divenire per esperienze ed esperimenti, nel suo proprio accadere come scarto e nel suo proprio scartarsi. E che la filosofia, o almeno una certa idea di filosofia, quella dell’Elogio merleau-pontyano, proceda in analoga direzione. (shrink)

This article examines Merleau-Ponty’s idea of an “ontological psychoanalysis” and extends it in a close dialogue both internal to Merleau-Ponty (his reflection on fetishism and the Kleinian partial object, the phenomenology of hallucination, his dissolution of ontology and the resolution of the flesh in a framework of events or a becoming of becomings) and external to Merleau-Ponty: on the one hand, with Lacan and his Seminar X (the idea of the object little-a, its possible double reading as object-divergence and as (...) event of divergence always in progress); and, on the other hand, with the Bergson of Matter and Memory (his idea of the image in itself: in Lacanian language, a kind of splinter of the real, without relation, autistic, hallucinatory) and with the Bergsonian idea of philosophical gesture (that Merleau-Ponty himself takes up, as we know, in In Praise of Philosophy). The guiding idea is that a psychoanalytic process is an experimental ontology: experimentation with being and of being, and with a being that is the result of its own staging [mise en expérience], in its own becoming through experience and experimentations, in its own future as divergence and its own movement of diverging. And the idea is also that philosophy, or at least a certain idea of philosophy, that of Merleau-Ponty’s Praise, proceeds in the same direction.L’article interroge l’idée merleau-pontienne d’une « psychanalyse ontologique » et la prolonge dans un dialogue serré interne à Merleau-Ponty (sa réflexion sur le fétichisme et sur l’objet partiel kleinien, la phénoménologie de l’hallucination, la dissolution merleau-pontienne de l’ontologie et la résolution de la chair dans une trame d’événements ou un devenir de devenirs) et externe à Merleau-Ponty : d’un côté avec Lacan et son Séminaire X (l’idée d’objet petit a, sa double lecture possible comme objet-écart et comme événement d’un s’écarter toujours en cours) ; de l’autre côté avec le Bergson de Matière et mémoire (son idée d’image en soi : en langage lacanien, une sorte de scheggia de réel, sans relation, autistique, hallucinatoire) et avec l’idée bergsonienne de geste philosophique (que Merleau-Ponty lui-même reprend, comme on le sait, dans Eloge de la philosophie. L’idée directrice est qu’un parcours psychanalytique est une ontologie expérimentale : une expérimentation avec l’être et de l’être, et avec un être qui résulte de sa propre mise en expérience, dans son propre devenir par l’expérience et par les expérimentations, dans son propre advenir comme écart et son propre mouvement d’écartement. Et aussi, que la philosophie, ou au moins une certaine idée de la philosophie, celle de l’Eloge merleau-pontien, procède dans la même direction.L’articolo muove dall’idea merleau-pontyana di una “psicoanalisi ontologica” interrogandola e prolungandola in uno stretto dialogo interno a Merleau-Ponty (la sua riflessione sul feticismo e sull’oggetto parziale kleiniano, la fenomenologia dell’allucinazione, la dissoluzione merleau-pontyana dell’ontologia e la risoluzione della carne in una trama di eventi o un divenire di divenire) ed esterno a Merleau-Ponty: da un lato con Lacan e con il suo Seminario X (l’idea di oggetto a piccolo, la sua doppia lettura possibile come oggetto-scarto e come evento di uno scartarsi sempre in corso); dall’altro con il Bergson di Materia e memoria (la sua idea di immagine in sé: lacanianamente, una sorta di scheggia di reale, irrelato, autistico, allucinatorio) e con l’idea bergsoniana di gesto filosofico (che lo stesso Merleau-Ponty riprende, com’è noto, in Elogio della filosofia). L’idea guida è che un percorso psicoanalitico sia un’ontologia sperimentale: un esperimento con l’essere e dell’essere, e con un essere o di un essere risolto nel suo proprio sperimentarsi, nel suo proprio divenire per esperienze ed esperimenti, nel suo proprio accadere come scarto e nel suo proprio scartarsi. E che la filosofia, o almeno una certa idea di filosofia, quella dell’Elogio merleau-pontyano, proceda in analoga direzione. (shrink)

This article examines Merleau-Ponty’s idea of an “ontological psychoanalysis” and extends it in a close dialogue both internal to Merleau-Ponty (his reflection on fetishism and the Kleinian partial object, the phenomenology of hallucination, his dissolution of ontology and the resolution of the flesh in a framework of events or a becoming of becomings) and external to Merleau-Ponty: on the one hand, with Lacan and his Seminar X (the idea of the object little-a, its possible double reading as object-divergence and as (...) event of divergence always in progress); and, on the other hand, with the Bergson of Matter and Memory (his idea of the image in itself: in Lacanian language, a kind of splinter of the real, without relation, autistic, hallucinatory) and with the Bergsonian idea of philosophical gesture (that Merleau-Ponty himself takes up, as we know, in In Praise of Philosophy). The guiding idea is that a psychoanalytic process is an experimental ontology: experimentation with being and of being, and with a being that is the result of its own staging [mise en expérience], in its own becoming through experience and experimentations, in its own future as divergence and its own movement of diverging. And the idea is also that philosophy, or at least a certain idea of philosophy, that of Merleau-Ponty’s Praise, proceeds in the same direction.L’article interroge l’idée merleau-pontienne d’une « psychanalyse ontologique » et la prolonge dans un dialogue serré interne à Merleau-Ponty (sa réflexion sur le fétichisme et sur l’objet partiel kleinien, la phénoménologie de l’hallucination, la dissolution merleau-pontienne de l’ontologie et la résolution de la chair dans une trame d’événements ou un devenir de devenirs) et externe à Merleau-Ponty : d’un côté avec Lacan et son Séminaire X (l’idée d’objet petit a, sa double lecture possible comme objet-écart et comme événement d’un s’écarter toujours en cours) ; de l’autre côté avec le Bergson de Matière et mémoire (son idée d’image en soi : en langage lacanien, une sorte de scheggia de réel, sans relation, autistique, hallucinatoire) et avec l’idée bergsonienne de geste philosophique (que Merleau-Ponty lui-même reprend, comme on le sait, dans Eloge de la philosophie. L’idée directrice est qu’un parcours psychanalytique est une ontologie expérimentale : une expérimentation avec l’être et de l’être, et avec un être qui résulte de sa propre mise en expérience, dans son propre devenir par l’expérience et par les expérimentations, dans son propre advenir comme écart et son propre mouvement d’écartement. Et aussi, que la philosophie, ou au moins une certaine idée de la philosophie, celle de l’Eloge merleau-pontien, procède dans la même direction.L’articolo muove dall’idea merleau-pontyana di una “psicoanalisi ontologica” interrogandola e prolungandola in uno stretto dialogo interno a Merleau-Ponty (la sua riflessione sul feticismo e sull’oggetto parziale kleiniano, la fenomenologia dell’allucinazione, la dissoluzione merleau-pontyana dell’ontologia e la risoluzione della carne in una trama di eventi o un divenire di divenire) ed esterno a Merleau-Ponty: da un lato con Lacan e con il suo Seminario X (l’idea di oggetto a piccolo, la sua doppia lettura possibile come oggetto-scarto e come evento di uno scartarsi sempre in corso); dall’altro con il Bergson di Materia e memoria (la sua idea di immagine in sé: lacanianamente, una sorta di scheggia di reale, irrelato, autistico, allucinatorio) e con l’idea bergsoniana di gesto filosofico (che lo stesso Merleau-Ponty riprende, com’è noto, in Elogio della filosofia). L’idea guida è che un percorso psicoanalitico sia un’ontologia sperimentale: un esperimento con l’essere e dell’essere, e con un essere o di un essere risolto nel suo proprio sperimentarsi, nel suo proprio divenire per esperienze ed esperimenti, nel suo proprio accadere come scarto e nel suo proprio scartarsi. E che la filosofia, o almeno una certa idea di filosofia, quella dell’Elogio merleau-pontyano, proceda in analoga direzione. (shrink)

A meditation on specularity as paradigms of a theory of experience which informs every field of philosophy and human sciences, including contemporary neurosciences. And a meditation, starting from neurosciences and mirror neurons, on the different readings of this paradigm of specularity and specularization. In particular, on that “second” reading of specularization, which suggests that the mirror is not an instrument of representation but of expression, not a device of adaquation but of creation. It is an hypothesis that Merleau-Ponty, facing the (...) very same problems contemporary neurosciences are confonted to, reactivates in an increasingly systematic way in his later years, drawing from a tradition which we try here to reconstruct. From Merleau-Ponty to Bergson, from Bergson to Leibniz, this second reading of specularity contains a possibility which is still fruitful and which neurosciences themselves could adopt in order to reconsider in a new perspective the evidences they have considered until now from the point of view of a first reading of specularity. This second reading of specularity suggests that it is not so much necessary to explain how one subject comprehends the other, but how both subjects are comprehended within the transcendental space of what we could call an event. Empathy is not so much a syntonization among subjects, but subjects are a partial and local desyntonization of that empathic system we should place as the beginining and not at the end of the process. Consciousness does not represent the other consciousness, but they express in a simultaneous and specular diffraction the fundamental unity of an event which is every time unique and impersonal. (shrink)

A meditation on specularity as paradigms of a theory of experience which informs every field of philosophy and human sciences, including contemporary neurosciences. And a meditation, starting from neurosciences and mirror neurons, on the different readings of this paradigm of specularity and specularization. In particular, on that “second” reading of specularization, which suggests that the mirror is not an instrument of representation but of expression, not a device of adaquation but of creation. It is an hypothesis that Merleau-Ponty, facing the (...) very same problems contemporary neurosciences are confonted to, reactivates in an increasingly systematic way in his later years, drawing from a tradition which we try here to reconstruct. From Merleau-Ponty to Bergson, from Bergson to Leibniz, this second reading of specularity contains a possibility which is still fruitful and which neurosciences themselves could adopt in order to reconsider in a new perspective the evidences they have considered until now from the point of view of a first reading of specularity. This second reading of specularity suggests that it is not so much necessary to explain how one subject comprehends the other, but how both subjects are comprehended within the transcendental space of what we could call an event. Empathy is not so much a syntonization among subjects, but subjects are a partial and local desyntonization of that empathic system we should place as the beginining and not at the end of the process. Consciousness does not represent the other consciousness, but they express in a simultaneous and specular diffraction the fundamental unity of an event which is every time unique and impersonal. (shrink)

A meditation on specularity as paradigms of a theory of experience which informs every field of philosophy and human sciences, including contemporary neurosciences. And a meditation, starting from neurosciences and mirror neurons, on the different readings of this paradigm of specularity and specularization. In particular, on that “second” reading of specularization, which suggests that the mirror is not an instrument of representation but of expression, not a device of adaquation but of creation. It is an hypothesis that Merleau-Ponty, facing the (...) very same problems contemporary neurosciences are confonted to, reactivates in an increasingly systematic way in his later years, drawing from a tradition which we try here to reconstruct. From Merleau-Ponty to Bergson, from Bergson to Leibniz, this second reading of specularity contains a possibility which is still fruitful and which neurosciences themselves could adopt in order to reconsider in a new perspective the evidences they have considered until now from the point of view of a first reading of specularity. This second reading of specularity suggests that it is not so much necessary to explain how one subject comprehends the other, but how both subjects are comprehended within the transcendental space of what we could call an event. Empathy is not so much a syntonization among subjects, but subjects are a partial and local desyntonization of that empathic system we should place as the beginining and not at the end of the process. Consciousness does not represent the other consciousness, but they express in a simultaneous and specular diffraction the fundamental unity of an event which is every time unique and impersonal. (shrink)