1. Yŏn'gyŏngjae Sŏng Hae-ŭng. "Yŏn'gyŏngjae chŏnjip", innŭn sasil ŭl kŭdaero kirok hada -- 2. P'ungsŏk Sŏ Yu-gu. "Imwŏn kyŏngjeji", hŭlkuk kwa chongittŏk in hangmun ŭn anŭrira -- 3. Oju Yi Kyu-gyŏng. "Ojuyŏn munjang chŏnsan'go", pakhak kwa kojŭnghak ŭro modŭn kŏt ŭl pyŏnjŭng hara -- 4. Tasan Chŏng Yag-yong. "Mongmin simsŏ", sidae rŭl ap'ahago paeksŏngdŭl ŭi pich'am han sam e punno haeya handa -- 5. Ch'ujae Cho Su-sam. "Ch'ujae chip", nara ka mangharyŏmyŏn pandŭsi yomul i naonda -- 6. Nakhasaeng Yi Hak-kyu. (...) "Yŏngnam akpu", mal hanŭn cha nŭn choe ka ŏpta -- 7. Kuhwajae Hong Sŏng-mo. "Tongguk sesigi", sot e kadŭkhan kuk ŭl han sutkal ro mat poda -- 8. Hosan Cho Hŭi-ryong. "Sŏgu mangnyŏllok", hanŭl arae kajang t'ongk'wae han il ida -- 9. Sŏp'a Yu Hŭi. "Munt'ong", ilsaeng ŭl nŭl sibi sok esŏ saranne -- 10. Hyegang Ch'oe Han-gi. "Kihak", taedong ilt'ong ŭi isang segye rŭl kuhyŏn hada -- 11. Kosanja Kim Chŏng-ho. "Taedong yŏjido", chido ro ch'ŏnha ŭi hyŏngse rŭl salp'il su itta -- 12. Paegun Sim Tae-yun. "Pongni chŏnsŏ", mani ilgŭlsurok pongni ka tŏuk manajinda -- 13. Suun Ch'oe Che-u. "Tonggyŏng taejŏn", hangmun ŭro marhajamyŏn 'tonghak' irago haeya handa -- 14. Tongmu Yi Che-ma. "Kyŏkch'igo", i ch'aek i ch'ŏllima ka toeji ank'ennŭn'ga? (shrink)

Negation is frequently found in every language, and many logicians or linguists have been carrying out research on it. Their investigations are, however, mostly confined to the languages of Europe. Although some of them pay attention to non-European languages, we can hardly find research on negation in Korean. In this paper, we carry out contra-linguistic analysis of four aspects of negation in Korean and English. First, we compare the expressions of negative elements in Korean and English sentences. Second, we contrast (...) the types of negation in Korean with those of English. Third, we draw a distinction between Korean and English in what decides the scope of negation. Finally, we contrast the answers to questions which contain negative elements. (shrink)

1. 'P'osŭt'ŭ' tamnon ŭi yuryŏngdŭl : aedo ŭi aedo rŭl wihayŏ -- 2. Chwap'a mesiajuŭi ranŭn irŭm ŭi yongmang : 'p'osŭt'ŭ-p'osŭt'ŭ tamnon' ŭi kungnae suyong e taehayŏ -- 3. Sigan kwa chŏngŭi : Penyamin, Haidegŏ, Terida -- 4. Kungmin iranŭn noye : chŏnch'ejuŭijŏk kungmin kukkaron e taehan pip'anjŏk koch'al -- 5. Ŏttŏn sangsang ŭi kongdongch'e : minjok, kungmin kŭrigo kŭ nŏmŏ -- 6. Hanbando p'yŏnghwa ch'eje ŭi (t'al) kuch'uk ŭl wihayŏ : ŭl ŭi minjujuŭi ŭi kwanchŏm esŏ -- 7. P'uk'o (...) wa minjujuŭi : pakkat ŭi chŏngch'i, sinjayujuŭi, taehang p'umhaeng -- 8. Marŭk'ŭsŭ wa Alt'wiserŭ sai ŭi P'uk'o -- 9. (T'al) hyŏndae ihu, Marŭk'ŭsŭjuŭi ihu : Terida, K'ojellek, Ch'ak'ŭrabarŭt'i, kŭrigo kŭ nŏmŏ -- 10. Ch'akch'wi, paeje, rip'ŭrijent'eisyŏn : Marŭk'ŭsŭjuŭi ŭi t'alguch'uk. (shrink)