A successor to the acclaimed 'Music and Emotion', The Handbook of Music and Emotion provides comprehensive coverage of the field, in all its breadth and depth. As well as summarizing what is currently known about music and emotion, it will also stimulate further research in promising directions that have been little studied.

This book is a selection of papers from a conference which took place at the University of Keele in July 1982. The conference was an extraordinarily enjoyable one, and we would like to take this opportunity of thanking all participants for helping to make it so. The conference was intended to allow scholars working on different aspects of symbolic behaviour to compare findings, to look for common ground, and to identify differences between the various areas. We hope that it was (...) successful in these aims: the assiduous reader may judge for himself. Several themes emerged during the course of the conference. Some of these were: 1. There is a distinction to be made between those symbol systems which attempt, more or less directly, to represent a state of affairs in the world (e. g. language, drawing, map and navigational skill) and those in which the representational function is complemented, if not overshadowed, by properties of the symbol system itself, and the systematic inter-relations that symbols can have to one another (e. g. music, mathematics). The distinction is not absolute, for the nature of all symbolic skills is, in part, a function of the structure of the symbolic system employed. Nonetheless, this distinction helps us to understand some common acquisition difficulties, such as that experienced in mathematics, where mental manipulation of symbols can go awry if a child assumes too close a correspondence between mathematical symbols and the world they represent. 2. (shrink)

Talents that selectively facilitate the acquisition of high levels of skill are said to be present in some children but not others. The evidence for this includes biological correlates of specific abilities, certain rare abilities in autistic savants, and the seemingly spontaneous emergence of exceptional abilities in young children, but there is also contrary evidence indicating an absence of early precursors of high skill levels. An analysis of positive and negative evidence and arguments suggests that differences in early experiences, preferences, (...) opportunities, habits, training, and practice are the real determinants of excellence. Key Words: exceptional ability; expertise; gift; innate capacity; music; potential; prodigy; specific ability; talent. (shrink)

This Response addresses eight issues raised in the commentaries: (1) the question of how innate talents should be defined; (2) relationships between the talent account and broader views concerning genetic variability; (3) the quality of the empirical evidence for and against the talent account; (4) the possible involvement of innate influences on specific abilities; (5) the possibility of talent-like phenomena in autistic savants; (6) alternative explanations of exceptional expertise at skills; (7) practical and educational implications of the talent account and (...) alternative positions. Finally, (8), we conclude by discussing the impact of the commentaries on our own views. (shrink)

У статті досліджено становлення нафто- й газовидобувних центрів на Гуцульщині в другій половині ХІХ - першій третині ХХ ст. та їхнє значення для господарського розвитку краю. Детально описано три головні центри нафтової промисловості: Битків-Пасічна, Слобода Рунгурська та Космач. Виділено три періоди нафтовидобутку: 1-й - XVI ст. - 1860 р., 2-й - 1860-1884 рр., 3-й - 1884-1939 рр.

The paper discusses certain aspects of Buddha’s and Confucius’ philosophy that could be relevant for the general philosophical discussion on the problem of freedom, free action and related philosophical themes. Although their philosophical thinking was shaped in a rather different linguistic, cultural and philosophical milieu and background, both thinkers are in agreement at least twofold. Firstly, the possibility of freedom and free action is not opposed to the natural order of things, quite contrary, it is enabled by this order. Secondly, (...) this possibility is being realised through never-ending self-cultivation and attunement to the world as it is. In the context of contemporary discussions on the problem of the relationship between free will and determinism, it could hence be said that both thinkers are on the position of “compatibilism”, nay, on the position that free action is possible only in the context of determinism that sees nature as ever-changing and conditioning circumstances and “patterns”, and not bound to strict and linear deterministic causality. (shrink)

Autorica interpretira Dahrendorfovo shvaćanje pojma životnih šansi i slobode kao elemenata društvene stratifikacije. Dahrendorf gradi pojam šansi na Weberovoj definiciji šansi, smatra da su one funkcija dvaju elemenata – opcija i ligatura – i povezuje životne šanse s pojmom slobode. Sloboda je proširenje životnih šansi, pa bi najviša svrha nekog društva bila, s pravom smatra Dahrendorf, proširenje životnih šansi i slobode na sve ljude u društvu.Die Autorin interpretiert Dahrendorfs Auffassung des Begriffs der Lebenschancen und der Frei­heit als der Elementen (...) der gesellschaftlichen Stratifikation. Dahrendorf entwickelt den Chan­cenbegriff an der Weberschen Chancendefinition, und dabei meint, daß sie die Funktion vonzwei Elementen sind – Option und Ligature – und verbindet Lebenschance mit dem Freiheitsbe­griff. Die Freiheit bedeutet die Verbreitung von Lebenschancen so, daß sie der höchste Zweckeiner Gesellschaft ist, wie mit Recht Dahrendorf meint, wenn die Lebenschancen und die Freihetan alle Menschen in einer Gesellschaft verbreitet wird. (shrink)

U tekstu autor postavlja problem razumijevanja odnosa između slobodnog vremena i slobode. Problem se prvo otkriva opisom ontičke strukture odnosa čovjeka i vremena. Opis se razvija u ontološku postavku o slobodnom vremenu kao najizvornijem načinu odnosa čovjeka i vremena, odnosno kao načinu čovjekova bitka . Postavka se preispituje na relevantnoj građi povijesti filozofije . Na poticajima koje nalazi u Fichteovom i Hegelovom pojmu vremena autor analizu usmjerava prema otkrivanju ontološkog smisla modernog susreta vremena i slobode, signifikacija kojega se događa u (...) pojmu slobodnog vremena.Author addresses the problem of comprehension of relationship between the free time and freedom. Firstly, the problematic concept is called forth through the description of an ontic structure of relations between a man and time. Secondly, the problem leads to the ontological thesis on the free time as the most originary linkage between a man and time, i.e. mode of human being . This thesis is investigated furthermore within the most relevant material in the history of philosophy . Finally, on the impulses found in Fichte’s and Hegel’s concept of time author turns his attention towards bringing about the ontological sense of the modern encounter of time and freedom which takes place in the concept of free time. (shrink)