O presente texto resulta de trabalho apresentado como pôster no Seminário de Estudos “Os Intelectuais e a Educação”, realizado de 19 a 23 de outubro na Faculdade de Educação da Unicamp, sob o tema “Gramsci e a Educação”. A intenção é apresentar resultado de leitura e fichamento realizada a partir dos Cadernos do Cárcere no item que trata acerca dos Intelectuais. Temas como o Estado Educador, os Intelectuais, Filosofia da Práxis, correspondem à fundamentação teórica da pesquisa que estamos desenvolvendo sobre (...) Avaliação Educacional em Revista. Daí a relevância de Gramsci para nossa investigação. (shrink)

This article focuses, through a transdisciplinary perspective, on Peter Greenaway’s films, operas, installations and artworks, exploring the elements that characterize this oeuvre as encyclopaedic. In order to do so, it investigates possible concepts of encyclopaedia, the rhizomatic character of the contemporary encyclopaedic model and its consonance with the demands of plurality and heterogeneity of the globalized world. This article approaches, moreover, the critical-creative appropriation that the director makes of the scientific systems of classification, showing that the use of taxonomies in (...) his work aims at not only revealing the insufficiency and arbitrariness of such systems, but also subverting the ordering logic that defines them. The article also links Greenaway to some of his literary precursors like Jorge Luis Borges and Georges Perec, who also brought together in their encyclopaedic works the rules of classification and the parodic laws of fiction. (shrink)

v. 1. Ensino secundário e médio -- v. 2. Estudos sobre o ensino primário -- Planejamento educacional e contribuições à educação do futuro.

Literature has been philosophically understood as a practice in the last thirty years, which involves “modes of utterance” and stances, not intrinsic textual properties. Thus, the place for semantics in philosophical inquiry has clearly diminished. Literary aesthetic appreciation has shifted its focus from aesthetic realism, based on the study of textual features, to ways of reading. Peter Lamarque’s concept of narrative opacity is a clear example of this shift. According to the philosophy of literature, literature, like any other art form, (...) does not compel us to engage realistically with it. Against this trend, this paper argues for the distinction between two kinds of opacity, defending textual opacity as a necessary condition for literary opacity. In this sense, examples in literary criticism properly illustrate not a peripheral role of meaning in literary appreciation, but arbitrariness in interpretation, which involves semantic concerns. So the assumed interest in the specific ways in which literature embeds meaning in fictional narrative works. (shrink)

Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é, em primeiro lugar, apresentar o modelo de liberalismo proposto por John Stuart Mill como relevante para o construtivismo da teoria política de John Rawls. Para tal, vamos mostrar que o contratualista americano em alguma medida subscreve o liberalismo do utilitarista inglês. Vamos aproximar ambos os autores no tocante ao método intuicionista e verificar se ainda há alguma vantagem no consequencialismo de Mill. Para Rawls, um procedimento intuicionista é ligado a um conjunto de princípios que não (...) pode ser reduzido. Mill se encaixa na definição, portanto, na medida em que advoga um tipo de hedonismo, característica que o americano descarta, por poder ser listada como teoria moral abrangente. Mesmo assim, precisamos verificar até que medida é possível considerar o utilitarismo de Mill como tendo influenciado o liberalismo de Rawls. Assim, levaremos em conta que ele autorizou, pelo menos parcialmente, um método intuicionista e mostraremos que isso se deu por influência da filosofia política de Mill. Fica assim admitido que o apelo à intuição está na base da teoria da justiça, mas tudo somado pode ficar perfeitamente claro onde reside o equilíbrio lógico proposto por Rawls. Mesmo com o desacordo final, é possível notar a influência do projeto liberal do londrino em torno da teoria política que resultou na _Teoria da Justiça_. Restará ainda tentar saber se realmente é possível se afastar de um consequencialismo e se há alguma vantagem teórica em se manter filiado a uma teoria política e ética como a de Mill do ponto de vista jurídico institucional. Isso porque o consequencialismo com um viés estritamente constitucional, como aquele sugerido por Rawls, não parece ser capaz de solucionar um problema jurídico externo ao hermético sistema teórico proposto nas teorias da justiça contemporâneas. (shrink)

This is a book symposium on Steffen Borge’s The Philosophy of Football. It has contributions from William Morgan, Murray Smith and Brian Weatherson with replies from Borge.

O PROCEDIMENTO DE ARRECADAÇÃO DO ICMS: O CONFAZ E A REGULAÇÃO DO SERVIÇO DE TV POR ASSINATURA.

Os Cadernos do PET Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Piauí tem a imensa satisfação de apresentar o décimo segundo volume, número vinte e quatro, do dossiê temático intitulado Memória, História e Esquecimento, que reúne vários artigos filosóficos de professores, professoras, pesquisadores, pesquisadoras, alunos e alunas do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da UFPI.

This paper deals with the question of whether nature sports are to be counted among the (traditional) sports and Kevin Krein’s recent argument, based on sporting excellence, as to why they should. Krein argues that sports as such are ultimately about sporting excellence and because both so-called traditional sports and nature sports fulfil that criterion, nature sports belong in the sport domain. Here, I show that Krein’s argument rests on an equivocation between two concepts of sporting excellence. Sporting excellence in (...) traditional sports is connected to sporting success. Here agon (contest or competition) dictates or frames areté (striving for excellence). This is not the case for sporting excellence in nature sports, as these are not competitions. We are dealing with two different concepts of sporting excellence and Krein’s argument, based on sporting excellence, must be rejected. It gives no basis for including nature sports in the sport domain. (shrink)

Como expuso Walter Lippmann en su libro La opinión pública, en sociedades complejas como la nuestra los medios de comunicación de masas construyen un pseudoentorno, a través del cual nos hacen llegar las informaciones necesarias para nuestra vida cotidiana. Pero, los medios de comunicación hacen algo más que informarnos: eligen y organizan jerárquicamente nuestro menú cotidiano de informaciones relevantes. Conjuntamente con los agentes sociales, económicos y políticos prominentes, determinan la agenda de las preocupaciones ciudadanas, colocando en primer plano de la (...) actualidad determinados asuntos y silenciando o soslayando otros. Por esa razón, en la sociedad actual el concepto de opinión pública es incomprensible sin referirnos a la actuación de los medios de comunicación. Pero no se trata únicamente de la labor de los media como vehículos para la información y plataformas para la discusión colectiva. Los media popularizan valores, actitudes y modelos de conducta y su enorme capacidad de influir despierta una razonable preocupación entre los ciudadanos. Esta comunicación analiza siete cuestiones que ilustran las fricciones entre ciudadanía y medios de comunicación en la sociedad contemporánea. (shrink)

Vardanyan’s Theorems [36, 37] state that $\mathsf {QPL}(\mathsf {PA})$ —the quantified provability logic of Peano Arithmetic—is $\Pi ^0_2$ complete, and in particular that this already holds when the language is restricted to a single unary predicate. Moreover, Visser and de Jonge [38] generalized this result to conclude that it is impossible to computably axiomatize the quantified provability logic of a wide class of theories. However, the proof of this fact cannot be performed in a strictly positive signature. The system $\mathsf (...) {QRC_1}$ was previously introduced by the authors [1] as a candidate first-order provability logic. Here we generalize the previously available Kripke soundness and completeness proofs, obtaining constant domain completeness. Then we show that $\mathsf {QRC_1}$ is indeed complete with respect to arithmetical semantics. This is achieved via a Solovay-type construction applied to constant domain Kripke models. As corollaries, we see that $\mathsf {QRC_1}$ is the strictly positive fragment of $\mathsf {QGL}$ and a fragment of $\mathsf {QPL}(\mathsf {PA})$. (shrink)

Por meio de uma revisão integrativa, busca-se identificar, dentro da produção científica brasileira, artigos que fazem intersecção entre os temas do luto e da velhice, sob o olhar da psicanálise. Desta forma, se visa estabelecer qual o enfoque dado ao idoso e qual a visão apresentada pela psicanálise para um trabalho com esta população que se encontra mais propensa a rupturas e perdas. Assim, se reconhece que há uma identificação de morte e finitude vinculada à figura do sujeito que envelhece, (...) mentalidade adotada pela lógica de consumo. Identificou-se de que forma as inúmeras perdas aliadas ao envelhecimento suscitam no idoso um processo de luto que, segundo a psicanálise, pode ser definido como o afeto resultante da perda de um objeto libidinal. Verifica-se, assim, a importância de um acompanhamento aos idosos que vise desobstruir a via do desejo e criar novas perspectivas de vida, sobretudo nesta fase do desenvolvimento, que como todas as outras, possui características e desafios particulares. (shrink)

O psicanalista húngaro Sándor Ferenczi elaborou uma teoria sobre a transição do princípio do prazer ao princípio de realidade, que permite complementar e aprofundar as hipóteses freudianas sobre esses princípios. De acordo com a sua teoria, esse processo envolve uma série de estágios, ao longo dos quais, gradualmente, a diferenciação entre o eu e o mundo externo é estabelecida e o sentimento de onipotência é abandonado. Freud e Ferenczi, contudo, não focaram a questão da maneira como o desenvolvimento da linguagem (...) verbal acompanha esse processo de transição entre os dois princípios, questão essa abordada pela psicanalista russa Sabina Spielrein. Esta autora complementa as teorias de Freud e Ferenczi, ao abordar o fenômeno em questão a partir de uma perspectiva diferente, ou seja, daquela do desenvolvimento da linguagem. Apesar da originalidade e da importância da contribuição de suas teorias para a compreensão do funcionamento mental, Ferenczi e, sobretudo, Spielrein são autores ainda pouco estudados, que merecem maior atenção e reconhecimento, o que justifica o resgate de suas teorias. Nesse artigo, abordamos algumas das hipóteses dos dois autores que permitem uma melhor compreensão do processo de diferenciação entre o eu e o mundo externo e de transição do princípio de prazer ao princípio de realidade. Nos baseamos na análise do texto de Ferenczi O Desenvolvimento do Sentido de Realidade e seus Estágios, de 1913, e nos textos de Spielrein O surgimento e o desenvolvimento da fala articulada e A origem das palavras infantis papai e mamãe, publicados, respectivamente, em 1920 e 1922. (shrink)

In this paper, we intend to demonstrate that the asylum request process can have its semantic and politic structures evidenced from an access via philosophy of language. In order to elucidate the normative nature of this social practice and to take a critical stance in relation to the treatment given to the refuge interview as it has been done in our country, we resort to certain concepts developed by the so called later Wittgenstein. Looking for a more complete treatment of (...) our object of study, we also turn to the authors of Bakhtin’s Circle, which explore communicational dimensions that the Viennese philosopher did not properly explore – with special emphasis on “value accents”. In order to collect empirical evidence relevant to our purposes, a field research was carried out with professionals and volunteers involved in the asylum request interviews. The resulting reports provided us with more basis for the considerations we make about the normative fragility of the interview language game and the intricate value system that guides the interaction between interviewer, interpreter and interviewee. (shrink)

BackgroundAlthough values have increasingly received attention in psychiatric literature over the last three decades, their role has been only partially acknowledged in psychiatric classification endeavors. The review process of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders received harsh criticism, and was even considered secretive by some authors. Also, it lacked an official discussion of values at play. In this perspective paper we briefly discuss the interplay of some values in the scientific and non-scientific debate around (...) one of the most debated DSM-5 category proposals, the Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome. Then, we point out some ethical consequences of a facts-plus-values perspective in psychiatric classification.DiscussionDifferent stakeholders participated in the APS-debate and for analytical purposes we divided them into four groups: researchers in the field of high-risk mental states; the DSM-5 Psychotic Disorders Work Group; patient, carers and advocacy groups; and external stakeholders, not related to the previous groups, but which also publicly expressed their opinions about APS inclusion in DSM-5. We found that each group differently stressed the role of values we examined in the APS-debate. These values were ethical, but also epistemic, political, economic and ontological. The prominence given to some values, and the lack of discussion about others, generated divergent positions among stakeholders in the debate.SummaryAs exemplified by the APS discussion, although medicine is primarily an ethical endeavor, values of different kinds that take part in it also shape to a large extent the profession. Thus, it may be strategic to openly discuss values at play in the elaboration of diagnostic tools and classificatory systems. This task, more than scientifically or politically significant, is ethically important. (shrink)

Although values have increasingly received attention in psychiatric literature over the last three decades, their role has been only partially acknowledged in psychiatric classification endeavors. The review p..

I argue that, against what is commonly believed, Spinoza’s use of the relation of constitution to characterize the relation between attributes and the essence of a substance does not indicate that, for him, there must be a numerical identity between each attribute and the essence constituted by that attribute. To do this, I follow a twofold strategy. First, I contend that the claim that because in Spinoza’s time constitution was understood as a one- to-one relation is mistaken: the main logicians (...) of Spinoza’s time, all Cartesian philosophers, believe that the constitution of an essence can be a many-to-one relation. I show that Spinoza can both accept that constitution is a many-one relation and share Descartes’ understanding of this relation. Second, I defend the claim that Spinoza’s use of constitution in the Ethics is consistent with these logicians’ account of constitution. In particular, I focus on Spinoza’s inclusion of the intellect in the definition of attribute and his definition of God. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:.. MERELY A MAN OF LETTERS" an interview with Jorge Luis Borges* Philosophy and Literature: Why don't you tell us about some of the philosophers who have influenced your work and in whom you have been the most interested? Jorge Luis Borges: Well, I think that's an easy one. You might talk in terms of two: Berkeley and Schopenhauer. But I suppose Hume might be worked in (...) also, because, after all, Hume refutes Berkeley. Really, he comes from Berkeley—even if Berkeley comes from Locke. You might think of Locke, of Berkeley, and of Hume as being three links in an argument..... But I suppose that when someone refutes someone else in philosophy, he is carrying on the argument. P&L: And Schopenhauer? Borges: Schopenhauer is very different from Hume. Of course, Schopenhauer had his idea of the Will. That is not to be found in Hume.... The case of Berkeley was different. I suppose he thought of God as being aware of all things all the time, if I don't get him wrong. If we go away, does this room disappear? No, because God is thinking about it. Now, in the case of Schopenhauer, I was rereading Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, The World as Will and Idea, and I was rather taken aback, or baffled I should say, puzzled by something that keeps on recurring in Schopenhauer. Of course it may have been a slip of the pen, but as he goes back to it, and as he was a very careful writer, I wonder if it is a slip of the pen. For example, Schopenhauer begins by saying that the universe, the stars, the spaces in between, the planets, *On April 14, 1976, two editors of Philosophy and Literature, along with an interested colleague, interviewed Jorge Luis Borges at Michigan State University, where he held a position as visiting professor for the winter term. These remarks are edited from the transcript of that conversation. 337 338Philosophy and Literature this planet, those things, have no existence—except in the mind which perceives them. But then, to my surprise—and I suppose you can explain this to me, since you are philosophers and I am not—what Schopenhauer says is that all those things have no existence except in the brain. And that the universe—I remember these words, I don't think I'm inventing them now—"ist ein Gehirnphänomen," that the world is a cerebral phenomenon. Now, I was baffled. Because, of course, if you think of the universe, I suppose the brain is as much a part of the external world as the stars or the moon. The brain after all is a system of visual, of tactile, perceptions. He keeps on insisting on the brain. I don't think, for example, that Bishop Berkeley insists on the brain, or Hume, who would have insisted on the mind, consciousness. P&L: People sometimes say that they see Berkeley in stories like "Orbis Tertius." Borges: Yes, I suppose they do. Well, of course. But in that story I was led by literary means also. P&L: How do you distinguish the literary from the philosophical means in that story? Could you explain that? Borges: Very easily.... Encyclopedias have been my chief reading. I have always been interested in encyclopedias. I used to go to the Biblioteca National in Buenos Aires—and since I was so shy, I felt I could not cope with asking for a book, so I looked on the shelves for the Encyclopaedia Britannica. I would pick up any chance volume and I would read it. One night I was richly rewarded, because I read all about the Druses, Dryden and the Druids—a treasure trove, no?—all in the same volume, "Dr-." Then I came to the idea of how fine it would be to think of an encyclopedia... a very rigorous one of course, of an imaginary world, where everything should be linked. For example, you would have a language and then a literature, and then a history and so on. Then I thought I would write a story of a fancy encyclopedia. Of course that would require many different people to write it... (shrink)

Cultuursociologisch essay over de postchristelijke manieren waarop mensen lijden compenseren.

Big Data and Artificial Intelligence have a symbiotic relationship. Artificial Intelligence needs to be trained on Big Data to be accurate, and Big Data's value is largely realized through its use by Artificial Intelligence. As a result, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence practices are tightly intertwined in real life settings, as are their impacts on society. Unethical uses of Artificial Intelligence are therefore a Big Data problem, at least to some degree. Efforts to address this problem have been dominated by (...) the documentation of Ethical Artificial Intelligence principles and the creation of technical tools that address specific aspects of those principles. However, there is mounting evidence that Ethical Artificial Intelligence principles and technical tools have little impact on the Artificial Intelligence that is created in practice, sometimes in very public ways. The goal of this commentary is to highlight four interconnected areas society can invest in to close this Ethical Artificial Intelligence publication-to-practice gap, maximizing the positive impact Artificial Intelligence and Big Data have on society. For Ethical Artificial Intelligence to become a reality, I argue that these areas need to be addressed holistically in a way that acknowledges their interdependencies. Progress will require iteration, compromise, and transdisciplinary collaboration, but the result of our investments will be the realization of Artificial Intelligence's and Big Data's tremendous potential for social good, in practice rather than in just our hopes and aspirations. (shrink)

Resumo: A acessibilidade como tema transversal à formação dos egressos da Universidade Federal do Pampa se faz presente tanto no projeto institucional da universidade quanto nos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos. No entanto, embora tal intencionalidade constar nos documentos institucionais, a materialização de tal temática - para além da garantia dos requisitos legais de acessibilidade presentes nos instrumentos de avaliação do ensino superior - se mostra incipiente. No curso de Medicina, apesar do tema da diversidade e, da garantia de equidade sem (...) qualquer tipo de distinção, no atendimento da rede básica, compor as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação dos futuros médicos, a discussão sobre a temática da deficiência é recente, sendo atualmente impulsionada pela demanda de recursos para este público, em específico, na atenção básica de saúde, em função da pandemia da COVID-19. Neste artigo, apresentamos as práticas interdisciplinares que vêm sendo protagonizadas entre o Curso de Medicina e o Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Ciências. Dentre estas práticas estão a produção de pranchas em Comunicação Alternativa Aumentativa (CAA) para apoio ao diagnóstico do COVID-19 em pacientes com deficiência; materiais instrucionais acessíveis sobre temas envolvendo a pandemia; curso de CAA para estudantes da área da saúde e formação de profissionais dos serviços de saúde para o atendimento de usuários com deficiência. Estas práticas e suas consequências para a formação dos estudantes de Medicina, constitui o objetivo deste trabalho. Palavras-chave: acessibilidade; formação médica; inclusão; educação especial Medical Education and Inclusive Processes: interdisciplinary teaching practices guided by the knowledge of special education Abstract: The accessibility, as transversal theme to the formation of the Pampa Federal University egresses, is present in the University institutional project as well in the Courses Pedagogical Projects. However, although such intentionality appears in the institutional documents, the materialization of such theme – apart from the guarantee of the accessibility legal requirements present in the evaluation instruments of the university education – is still incipient. Even in the medical course, in spite of the diversity theme and the guarantee of equality without any kind of distinction in the basic system assistance compose the National Curricular Guidelines to the education of the futures doctors, is recent the discussion about the disability theme, being nowadays stimulated by the demand of resources required for this specific type of public in the primary health care, arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we present the interdisciplinary practices that have been executed in the Medical Course and Professional Master’s Degree on Sciences Teaching. Among these practices we have the production of boards in Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) for supporting the COVID-19 diagnosis in disabled patients; accessible instructional materials about themes concerning the pandemic; AAC courses for health area students and training of health services professionals for the assistance of disabled users. These practices and their consequences for the education of Medical students are the objective of the present work. Key-Words: accessibility; medical training; inclusion; special education Educación médica y procesos inclusivos: prácticas docentes interdisciplinarias guiadas por el conocimiento de la educación especial Resumen: La accesibilidad como tema transversal a la formación de los egresados ​​de la Universidad Federal de Pampa está presente tanto en el proyecto institucional de la universidad como en los Proyectos Pedagógicos de los Cursos. Sin embargo, aunque tal intencionalidad está incluida en los documentos institucionales, la materialización de tal tema, además de garantizar los requisitos legales de accesibilidad presentes en los instrumentos de evaluación de la educación superior, es aún incipiente. En el curso de medicina, a pesar del tema de la diversidad y la garantía de equidad sin ningún tipo de distinción, en la atención de la red básica, componiendo los Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales para la formación de futuros médicos, la discusión sobre el tema de la discapacidad es reciente., siendo impulsado actualmente por la demanda de recursos para este público, específicamente, en la atención primaria de salud, debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. En este artículo presentamos las prácticas interdisciplinarias que se vienen dando entre el Curso de Medicina y el Programa de Maestría Profesional en Enseñanza de las Ciencias. Entre estas prácticas se encuentran la producción de tableros en Comunicación Aumentativa Alternativa (CAA) para apoyar el diagnóstico de COVID-19 en pacientes con discapacidad; materiales educativos accesibles sobre temas relacionados con la pandemia; Curso CAA para estudiantes del área de la salud y formación de profesionales de los servicios de salud para la asistencia a usuarios con discapacidad. Estas prácticas y sus consecuencias para la formación de los estudiantes de medicina, constituyen el objetivo de este trabajo. Palabras-clave: Accesibilidad; entrenamiento médico; inclusión; educación especial. Data de registro: 14/04/2021 Data de aceite: 01/12/2021. (shrink)

Jorge Luis Borges is working for decades now on the execution of the nightmare. Perhaps his most celebrated instance is "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius ". It would take much work to sift the fabricated references in Borges' works from the ones deliberately misread from the over-emphasis on an author's casual remark, etc.

The present article introduces and describes an innovative educational approach to learning processes, the Imagineering collaborative methodology. The methodology has been developed as a part of the learning curriculum for the Imagineering masters course. The theoretical and practical framework is explained, offering some illustrations in order to demonstrate the possibilities and implications of embracing such an approach in an educational environment. This article proposes a systemic, collaborative, and relational view on education that avoids reductive and disjunctive learning processes, inviting students (...) to be designers of their learning, preparing them to deal professionally with the demands of the twenty-first century, more aligned with a radically changing landscape in today's society. (shrink)

Traditional approaches in healthcare have been challenged giving way to broader forms of users’ participation in treatment. In this article we present the Health 2.0 movement as an example of relational and participatory practices in healthcare. Health 2.0 is an approach in which participation is the major aim, aspiring to reshape the system into more collaborative and less hierarchical relationships. We offer two illustrations in order to discuss how Health 2.0 is related and can contribute to a positive uptake of (...) patient’s knowledge, which implies challenging healthcare practices exclusively focused on scientific expertise. In contrast, the illustrations we discuss focus on relations and cultural practices, searching for responsive and context-sensitive interventions, entertaining multiple views and allowing space for creativity. Finally we introduce two relational resources to contribute with the development and sustainability of Health 2.0 practices: Relational being and edge of fluidity. Those are resources aiming to engage professionals in a type of conversation with their clients, which is different from the hierarchical, linear and fact-oriented approach. This conversation aims at creating a space where the voices of all involved are welcomed, raising different opinions and points of view, bringing up new light and possibilities to the problem being investigated. These resources may be useful for those who are interested in improving quality in healthcare by investing in collaboration, contextual sensitivity and relational engagement. (shrink)

A formação política do professor: um olhar sobre a história Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como finalidade possibilitar uma compreensão do desenvolvimento dos processos de formação política dos professores no âmago de um corpo social capitalista, objetivando fornecer as condições necessárias para repensar o contexto contemporâneo fundamentado na história. Partindo essencialmente da formação de professores, essa compreensão foi relacionada ao cenário político, econômico e social, uma vez que são as influências políticas reinantes no corpo social que sistematizam os processos formativos. (...) A partir disso foram elaboradas observações a respeito dos referenciais teóricos que trabalham a temática; o exame dos contrassensos da formação política no corpo social capitalista; o professor enquanto intelectual orgânico; função política e social do professor no contexto da educação brasileira, assim como o delineamento dessa educação no contexto neoliberal e sua privatização. Tratou-se de uma Pesquisa Bibliográfica, de natureza Qualitativa. Este estudo permitiu compreender que é há a necessidade de discorrer sobre a formação de professores, uma vez que compreendemos que o contexto histórico da formação política do professor já necessitaria ser uma fase conquistada no momento em que objetivamos alcançar uma formação pedagógica de suma importância para todos os sujeitos. Palavras-chave: Formação Docente; Formação Política; História; Educação. Teacher policy education: a look at history Abstract: The purpose of this research is to enable an understanding of the development of teachers' political formation processes in the core of a capitalist social body, aiming to provide the necessary conditions to rethink the contemporary context grounded in history. Starting essentially from teacher education, this understanding was related to the political, economic and social scenario, since it is the reigning political influences in the social body that systematize the formative processes. From this, observations were elaborated about the theoretical references that work the theme; the examination of the countermeasures of political formation in the capitalist social body; the teacher as an organic intellectual; political and social function of the teacher in the context of Brazilian education, as well as the delineation of this education in the neoliberal context and its privatization. It was a Bibliographic Research, of a Qualitative nature. This study allowed us to understand that there is a need to talk about teacher education, since we understand that the historical context of political teacher education would already need to be a stage achieved when we aim to achieve a pedagogical training of paramount importance for all the subjects. Key-words: Teacher Training; Political Formation; Story; Education. La formación política del profesor: una mirada a la historia Résumé: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo permitir una comprensión del desarrollo de los procesos de formación política de los docentes en el núcleo de un cuerpo social capitalista, con el objetivo de proporcionar las condiciones necesarias para repensar el contexto contemporáneo basado en la historia. Fundamentalmente basado en la formación del profesorado, esta comprensión estuvo relacionada con el escenario político, económico y social, ya que son las influencias políticas que prevalecen en el cuerpo social las que sistematizan los procesos de formación. En base a eso, se hicieron observaciones sobre los marcos teóricos que funcionan con el tema; el examen de las contradicciones de la formación política en el cuerpo social capitalista; el profesor como intelectual orgánico; función política y social del docente en el contexto de la educación brasileña, así como el diseño de esa educación en el contexto neoliberal y su privatización. Fue una Investigación Bibliográfica, de carácter Cualitativo. Este estudio permitió comprender que existe la necesidad de hablar de formación docente, pues entendemos que el contexto histórico de la formación política docente ya tendría que ser una etapa alcanzada en la que pretendemos lograr una formación pedagógica de suma importancia para todos los actores. asignaturas. Palabras clave: Formación Docente; Formación Política; Historia; Educación. Data de registro: 03/04/2020 Data de aceite: 20/10/2021. (shrink)

The future of awake bruxism assessment will incorporate physiological data, possibly electromyography of the temporal muscles. But up to now, temporal muscle contraction patterns in awake bruxism have not been characterized to demonstrate clinical utility. The present study aimed to perform surface EMG evaluations of people assessed for awake bruxism to identify possible different subtypes. A 2-year active search for people with awake bruxism in three regions of the country resulted in a total of 303 participants. Their inclusion was confirmed (...) through non-instrumental approaches for awake bruxism: self-reported questionnaire and clinical exam, performed by three experienced and calibrated dentists. Also, 77 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Temporalis surface EMG was performed with a portable device. EMG signals were sent to a computer via Bluetooth 4.0 at a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz. Digital signal processing was performed using the commercial neuroUP software, transformed in RMS and then normalized for peak detection, in a 10 min session. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct subtypes of awake bruxism: phasic, tonic, and intermediate. Individuals with a predominance of EMG peaks/min were classified as the “phasic” subtype. Those with the highest EMG rest power were classified as the “tonic” subtype. There was also an “intermediate” subtype, when both variables remained low. Characterization of awake bruxism physiology is important for future establishment of instrumental assessment protocols and treatment strategies. (shrink)

Este texto pretende discutir os constantes desafios enfrentados pela educação e cultura, em tempos passados e presentes, colocando em pauta a inquietação de retomar a discussão sobre educação e cultura, dentro de uma linha de racionalidade teórica e prática, ladeando dois intelectuais situados em contextos históricos bastante distintos, Tomás de Aquino e Paulo Freire. Busca-se encontrar aspectos essenciais concebidos por ambos, enquanto intelectuais dedicados a um processo de abertura e emancipação de pessoas e instituições, que não deixam de chamar a (...) atenção para o conhecimento, a inteligência e o estudo como pilares para a construção de um mundo melhor. (shrink)

Meaning and Communication Communication is crucial for us as human beings. Much of what we know or believe we learn through hearing or seeing what others say or express, and part of what makes us human is our desire to communicate our thoughts and feelings to others. A core part of our communicative activity concerns … Continue reading Meaning and Communication →.

Minimal Semantics asks what a theory of literal linguistic meaning is for - if you were to be given a working theory of meaning for a language right now, what would you be able to do with it? Emma Borg sets out to defend a formal approach to semantic theorising from a relatively new type of opponent - advocates of what she call 'dual pragmatics'. According to dual pragmatists, rich pragmatic processes play two distinct roles in linguistic comprehension: as well (...) as operating in a post-semantic capacity to determine the implicatures of an utterance, they also operate prior to the determination of truth-conditional content for a sentence. That is to say, they have an integral role to play within what is usually thought of as the semantic realm. Borg believes dual pragmatic accounts constitute the strongest contemporary challenge to standard formal approaches to semantics since they challenge the formal theorist to show not merely that there is some role for formal processes on route to determination of semantic content, but that such processes are sufficient for determining content. Minimal Semantics provides a detailed examination of this school of thought, introducing readers who are unfamiliar with the topic to key ideas like relevance theory and contextualism, and looking in detail at where these accounts diverge from the formal approach. Borg's defence of formal semantics has two main parts: first, she argues that the formal approach is most naturally compatible with an important and well-grounded psychological theory, namely the Fodorian modular picture of the mind. Then she argues that the main arguments adduced by dual pragmatists against formal semantics - concerning apparent contextual intrusions into semantic content - can in fact be countered by a formal theory. The defence holds, however, only if we are sensitive to the proper conditions of success for a semantic theory. Specifically, we should reject a range of onerous constraints on semantic theorizing (e.g., that it answer epistemic or metaphysical questions, or that it explain our communicative skills) and instead adopt a quite minimal picture of semantics. (shrink)

Emma Borg examines the relation between semantics and pragmatics, and assesses recent answers to fundamental questions of how and where to draw the divide between the two. She argues for a minimal account of the interrelation between them--a 'minimal semantics'--which holds that only rule-governed appeals to context can influence semantic content.

Two particular forms of absolute space-time theories are examined. There follows a derivation of their predictions for measurements that are within present-day detection limits.

Na crise estrutural do capital, iniciada na década de 1970, foi inaugurado o chamado capitalismo neoliberal, no cerne do qual o tema da formação política parece ter assumido destacada importância. Em sua radicalidade emancipatória, a formação política encontra-se inextrincavelmente vinculada à luta dos movimentos sociais populares, atravessando, portanto, a totalidade das atividades desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos coletivos em movimento. O objetivo do artigo é tecer algumas considerações sobre o tema da formação política no interior dos movimentos sociais populares. Para tanto, lançaremos (...) mão de uma pesquisa bibliográfica ancorada em alguns breves relatos de militantes colhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, a partir do nosso trabalho militante no seio da luta social. Alguns desses relatos constituem igualmente resultados parciais da nossa pesquisa de mestrado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). O título da pesquisa é: Práxis político-educativa do sujeito potencialmente revolucionário nas associações de moradores: a experiência da Associação de Moradores do Bairro da Serrinha (AMORBASE). O campo empírico da pesquisa é o território Serrinha, situado na periferia da cidade de Fortaleza, capital do estado do Ceará. O artigo encontra-se fundamentado nos pressupostos do materialismo dialético tal como formulado por Marx e Engels (2007). No artigo, a formação política, no interior dos movimentos sociais populares é compreendida como um fenômeno mais abrangente e mais denso complexamente articulado uma vez que atravessa a totalidade das atividades organizadas pelos sujeitos coletivos em movimento. (shrink)

To what extent are non human alterities in contemporary Brazilian literature? How have some Brazilian writers dealt with the paradoxical relations between humanity and animality, as well as with ethno-ecological problems proper to our time? This article addresses the presence of non human beings in works by Nicanor Sena, Astrid Cabral, Olga Savary, Sérgio Medeiros and Josely Vianna Baptista, in the light of a transdisciplinary theoretical framework that includes thinkers such as Ailton Krenak, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Dominique Lestel and (...) Donna Haraway. The article also deals with the cultural and textual hybridity that cuts through the works of some authors of our literary repertoire. I thereby show how they present a liminal nature, with a strong transnational bent, as they are shot through by mythological and zoological elements, indigenous legends, diverse literary references, and different geographical and linguistic spaces. (shrink)

Este artigo é uma espécie de vanguarda da retaguarda, pois ao mesmo tempo em que quer avançar, sendo portando de filosofia política contemporânea é convocado a retornar em busca de conceitos antigos, mas que não envelheceram. A parresía cínica com os seus desdobramentos é um exemplo desse retorno aos antigos. O texto, outrossim, dedica-se a responder a questões que interrogam pela utilidade das revoltas e das insurreições, pelo papel dos intelectuais diante do poder. O artigo procura problematizar, seguindo os estudos (...) de Michel Foucault, as formas tradicionais de pensar a ação política, e pleiteando, ao mesmo tempo um tipo de responsabilidade política para a filosofia. Por fim, indaga-se pela possibilidade da constituição de uma responsabilidade política para a filosofia concebida como forma de vida. Como resultado, há a perspectiva de um conteúdo ético para a ação política. (shrink)