La lectura de mapas es una competencia pendiente para los estudiantes universitarios. Es el caso de los del Grado en Turismo de las universidades de Las Palmas de G.C., en España, y Autónoma de Juárez, en México, que usan los mapas para la comprensión de la realidad turística sin que hayan adquirido una alfabetización cartográfica suficiente.Esta comunicación presenta un diagnóstico del pensamiento geográfico de este alumnado centrado en las capacidades de localización, interpretación y análisis relacional de variables territoriales. Se ha (...) corroborado que solo alcanzan un nivel descriptivo y que es necesario poner en macha estrategias didácticas específicas. (shrink)

This study aimed to determine the predictive character of organizational socialization and occupational positive mental health on organizational commitment in higher education teachers. A sample of 279 teachers from higher education institutions who signed an informed consent form was used. Fifty-four point five percent of the participants were women, with a mean age of 44.05 years. The participants completed the Organizational Socialization Inventory, the Positive Occupational Mental Health Questionnaire and the Organizational Commitment Scale, and for data analysis descriptive statistics, correlation (...) analysis and multiple linear regression with stepwise method were applied, entering each dimension of organizational commitment separately as a dependent variable. As a result, moderate to weak correlations were identified between the study variables, and it was found that the final models indicate that the future perspectives and socio-affective dimensions predict affective commitment by 38%; that future perspectives, spirituality and age predict normative commitment by 22.8%; and that the future perspectives dimension predicts commitment of continuity by 9.2%. It is concluded that teachers’ expectations about their development in the institution, as well as their interactions at the socio-affective and spiritual level with the work context, are factors that partially influence their attachment to the educational organization. (shrink)

RESUMEN El presente trabajo está dirigido a exponer elementos inherentes al modelo de superación profesional del tecnólogo de la salud en laboratorio clínico desde la integración ciencias básicas biomédicas-laboratorio. Entre los métodos teóricos empleados, el analítico-sintético permitió la determinación de los fundamentos epistemológicos y praxiológicos del proceso de superación, el inductivo-deductivo posibilitó la determinación de las categorías que surgen en el proceso investigativo, el sistémico estructural funcional para fundamentar el carácter de sistema del modelo y la modelación con la finalidad (...) de construirlo. Se concluye que se establecen como subsistemas del modelo, la proyección profesional de las ciencias básicas biomédicas, la contextualización profesional de la integración ciencias básicas biomédicas-laboratorio y la valoración contextual de la integración en el proceso de superación, lo que explica el proceso de superación del tecnólogo de la salud en laboratorio clínico. ABSTRACT This paper aims at setting out elements inherent to the health technologist in clinical laboratory’s professional training model from the integration of basic biomedical-laboratory sciences. Among the theoretical methods used, analysis-synthesis allowed establishing the epistemological and praxeological basis of the training process; the inductive-deductive method made it possible to determine the categories that result from the research process and the systemic-structural-functional method was used to support the system-like nature of the model and modelling with the end of building it. In conclusion, subsystems of the model are established: basic biomedical sciences professionals’ aims, professional conceptualization of the integration of basic biomedical-laboratory sciences and the contextual assessment of integration in the training process, which expounds the training process of the health technologist in clinical laboratory. (shrink)

El perfeccionamiento del desempeño profesional del laboratorista clínico constituye una necesidad, por lo que el objetivo de la investigación fue elaborar una estrategia para la superación profesional del tecnólogo de la salud en laboratorio clínico a partir de la integración con las ciencias básicas biomédicas. La estrategia se efectuó en la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud de Camagüey. Su factibilidad fue valorada por expertos y la validación se llevó a cabo con un pre experimento pedagógico que se desarrolló en (...) el curso 2014- 2015. Los resultados corroboran su efectividad. The improvement in professional performance of clinical lab technicians is a continuous necessity. As such, the aim of the research was to develop a strategy for achieving improved professional development for health technologists specialized in clinical laboratory practices through integration with basic biomedical sciences. The study was conducted at the School of Health Technology in Camagüey. Its feasibility was assessed by experts and validation was performed with a pre-pedagogical experiment that developed during the 2014- 2015 academic year. Results confirm the effectiveness of the strategy as developed within the scope of the study. (shrink)

El objetivo del trabajo consistió en destacar la significación del enfoque histórico-cultural de Vigotsky como sustento para el tratamiento de las relaciones interdisciplinarias en la educación médica superior. Se toma como referente psicológico sus aportes en cuanto a la enseñanza y el desarrollo; el concepto de zona de desarrollo próximo, su concepción sobre el aprendizaje y la categoría situación social del desarrollo. Se concluye que el enfoque histórico-cultural brinda conceptos claves que se deben tener presente para el tratamiento de las (...) relaciones interdisciplinarias. The objective of the paper was highlighting Vigostky historical-cultural approach to the interdisciplinary relationships treatment in the higher medical education. His contributions in teaching and development, the concept of the zone of proximal development, his conception on learning and the category of social situation of development are taken as psychological referent. As a conclusion, the paper refers that his historical-cultural approach offers key concepts that should be taken into account in the treatment of the interdisciplinary relationships. (shrink)

El propósito fundamental del trabajo fue destacar la trascendencia social de las ciencias básicas biomédicas en la superación profesional de los tecnólogos en Laboratorio Clínico, egresados de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud de Camagüey. Se partió de las insuficiencias que influyen en el desempeño profesional de estos licenciados, y se justifica la importancia de las ciencias básicas biomédicas para el laboratorista clínico. Se concluyó que la ciencia y la tecnología son prácticas sociales que debe tener en cuenta en (...) su labor cotidiana el tecnólogo de la salud en Laboratorio Clínico y la necesidad de las ciencias básicas biomédicas en la superación profesional de estos tecnólogos ya que aportan los fundamentos científicos del proceder técnico en un laboratorio, lo cual permite capacitar un profesional no solo para llevar a cabo procederes, sino para comprender el porqué de los mismos. The main goal of this work was to highlight the social implications of the basic biomedical sciences in the professional training of the technologist in clinical laboratory graduated at the Health Technologic Faculty in Camaguey taking into account the insufficiencies in the professional performance of these specialists. It was evident that science and technology are social practices that the health technologist specialized in clinical laboratory has to take into account and the need of basic biomedical sciences in the professional development of these technologists because they offer the scientific basis of the technical procedure in a laboratory which allows the professional training not only to perform the procedures but also to understand the reason of them. (shrink)

El objetivo del trabajo fue fundamentar las bases teóricas que sustentan la importancia del trabajo independiente en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la Educación Médica Superior, así como aspectos relativos a su concepción, requerimientos y formas de aplicación. Se realizó un estudio bibliográfico acerca del tema y se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones: el trabajo independiente es un medio de organizar metodológicamente la actividad cognoscitiva independiente de los estudiantes que se expresa a través de un conjunto de tareas y (...) puede utilizarse durante la actividad docente y fuera de ella, así como en cualquiera de las formas de organización de que se trate. Es imprescindible que se tengan en cuenta al organizar el trabajo independiente las etapas de la actividad humana: planificación, orientación, ejecución y control. El trabajo independiente es un factor importante para estimular la independencia de los futuros profesionales de las Ciencias Médicas por lo que su perfeccionamiento exige al profesor una alta profesionalización de sus acciones. The objective of the work was to stablish the theorical bases that sustain the importance of the independent work in the teaching learning process in the medical education, as well as, relative aspects to its conception, requirements and application forms. A bibliographical study about the topic was carried out reaching the following conclusions the independent work is a way of organizing methologically the independent cognitive activity of the students that is expressed through out a group of tasks and it can be used during the teaching - learning in and out of the classroom; as well as in any of the forms of teaching organization. It is indispensable when organizing the independent work of the students to keep in mind the different stages of the human activity planning, orientation, execution and control. The independent work is an important factor to stimulate the independent of the future professionals of the medical sciences that is why its improvement demands a higher professionalism of its actions. (shrink)

Se realizó el análisis curricular de los planes de estudios D y modificados D1 y D2 y el análisis cuantitativo de las mallas curriculares o plan del proceso docente a partir de la organización de las asignaturas por ciclos, distribución de los componentes académico y laboral, frondosidad y quantum de flexibilidad del currículo. El objetivo de la investigación es evaluar el diseño curricular del plan de estudios de la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico. Se concluye que hay deficiencias en el nuevo (...) plan al no definirse los aspectos que deben integrarse en el macro, meso y micro currículo de una carrera universitaria, no están diseñadas las estrategias curriculares, los programas de las disciplinas ni el plan de la bibliografía básica, lo cual atenta contra la planificación y organización del proceso docente educativo, una asimilación consciente y por ende una correcta formación de conocimientos y habilidades que permitan solucionar exitosamente los problemas profesionales. The curriculum analysis of the syllabus D, D1 and D2 were performedas well as the quantitative analysis of the curricular nets or plan of the teaching process from the organization of the subjects by cycles, distribution of academic and labour components, luxuriance and quantum of flexibility within the curriculum. The objective of the research is to evaluate the curriculum design of the syllabus for the Bioanalysis Clinical Degree. It is concluded that there are lacks in the new plan as the aspects that should be integrated in the macro, meso and micro curriculum of a college degree are not well defined, the curricular strategies are not designed neither the disciplines programs nor the plan of the basic bibliography, which infringes on the planning and organization of the educational teaching process. A conscious assimilation and therefore a correct formation of knowledge and skills that allow to solve successfully the professional problems. (shrink)

In this paper I examine three lectures by Paul Ricœur: two about imagination and the metaphor, and a third one about the writing of history and the representation of the past. The objective is to establish the connections between time and word on account of the creative speech; this creative speech is born from the productive imagination and, at the same time, it may be able to express the finite and temporary being that we are. The creative speech, which is (...) expressed through temporary figures, typical of poetry and narrative, is also decisive for historiographic work, both in the process of documentary research, and in the posing of questions about historical events, and, therefore, for the writing of history. (shrink)

Partiendo de una serie de casos-ejemplo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires de los últimos 30 años, nos proponemos mostrar que, de manera dominante, el reconocimiento público de la legitimidad y necesidad de una “puesta en valor” o de una “reactivación patrimonial” no depende tanto del valor que pueda otorgarse a un edificio, a una zona o a una institución, en función de alguna de sus cualidades intrínsecas, sino que radica en la eficacia que esa patrimonialización posea en la construcción (...) de una imagen de lugar o de barrio “atractivo”, “auténtico”, y en la intensificación de la ampliación de circuitos de consumos turísticos, culturales e inmobiliarios. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar cómo este reconocimiento y esta duración de la atribución de valor patrimonial se sustentan en el hecho de que la puesta de relieve de esos rasgos de autenticidad e identidad logre entramarse con procesos más amplios de recualificación del área en que se emplazan. Como veremos, en algunos casos, los procesos de patrimonialización operan como punta de lanza de dichas recualificaciones; en otros, como refuerzos. Para ello se presentan algunos casos de lugares, áreas y prácticas que resultaron “exitosos” en los términos planteados, es decir, que fueron públicamente reconocidos como “patrimonio” aun independientemente de sus cualidades históricas o culturales y que lograron durar en el tiempo de la mano de su propia revalorización económica o de su impacto simbólico sobre el área circundante. A modo de contraejemplo, luego se presentan otros casos que, a pesar de poseer algunas características que los harían susceptibles de ser reconocidos públicamente como “patrimonio” (antigüedad, reconocimiento comunitario de su carácter significativo, entre otros), fueron invisibilizados, destruidos o transformados sin apelar a su condición patrimonial, en el marco de otras dinámicas o temporalidades de recualificación urbana. (shrink)

En la Universidad Médica “Carlos J. Finlay”, se realiza una intervención educativa con el objetivo de valorar la concepción y aplicación de un programa para un curso de preparación de metodólogos en correspondencia con sus funciones en condiciones de universalización de las Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, en el periodo de septiembre de 2005 a junio de 2007. Se emplean diferentes métodos investigativos: los teóricos, así como la técnica de discusión grupal, permitió diseñar el programa del curso para la preparación de (...) metodólogos en condiciones de universalización y los empíricos, la obtención de algunos datos de interés acerca de los metodólogos que reciben el curso y sus valoraciones en relación con el mismo. Se constata que la preparación pedagógica y experiencia en el desempeño es insuficiente para asumir el rol de metodólogo y valoran de muy importantes los contenidos desarrollados, los métodos y formas organizativas concebidas, por lo que se concluye que el programa del curso cumple con las expectativas del metodólogo al estar diseñado teniendo en cuenta las funciones que estos desempeñan y sus necesidades sentidas A study was carried out about the intervention in education developed to increase teacher's methodological preparation under their new functions due to the fresh conditions of learning within the community applied to medicine training and education in Camagüey. It was carried out in the period of September 2005 to June 2007. Different research methods were used: the theoretical ones and the technique for group discussion help to design the course syllabus and the assessment for those teachers that received the course. It was verified that the methodological preparation and performance experience are insufficient to play their role; but they value as very important the contents, the methods and the organization of the course. The authors conclude that the course meets the expectations of training, because it was designed keeping in mind the teachers' functions and their necessities. (shrink)

Introducción: la formación de profesionales competentes es una de las misiones esenciales de la Educación Médica Superior, esto exige que los tecnólogos posean habilidades comunicativas para un correcto desempeño laboral en aras del mejoramiento humano. Objetivo de la investigación: identificar las barreras que inciden en la comunicación tecnólogo - paciente en las carreras de Licenciatura en Traumatología, Podología, Terapia Física y Rehabilitación Social Ocupacional, en áreas de rehabilitación. Métodos: se presenta un estudio observacional, descriptivo longitudinal y retrospectivo entre junio de (...) 2008 y junio 2011 que consistió en la observación a exámenes estatales prácticos y a la educación en el trabajo, en las carreras de referencia, además se aplicó una encuesta a pacientes para la obtención de información acerca de las barreras que afectan el proceso de la comunicación entre tecnólogos y pacientes. Resultados: existen insuficiencias en la comunicación entre los futuros profesionales y pacientes. Conclusiones: se demuestra un insuficiente dominio de las habilidades comunicativas y por tanto barreras que interfieren en la comunicación como las semánticas y personales. Introduction: the training of competent professionals is one of the essential missions of higher medical education; this requires that technologists have communication skills in order to develop a proper job performance for the sake of human improvement. So the objective of the research is to identify barriers affecting technologist - patient communication in the careers of degree in Trauma, Podiatry, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Social Rehabilitation in areas of rehabilitation. Methods: an observational, longitudinal descriptive and retrospective study is presented between June 2008 and June 2011 that consisted on observation to practical state exams and training at work, in the reference degrees; in addition, a survey was applied to patients to obtain information about the barriers that affect the communication process between technologists and patients. Results: there are communication inadequacies between the future professionals and patients. Conclusions: An insufficient mastery of the communication skills is demonstrated and therefore barriers that interfere with communication as the semantic and personal barriers. (shrink)

En la educación médica cubana se ha diseñado un currículo para el cumplimiento de su encargo social donde se inserta la enseñanza del inglés. Actualmente constituye una prioridad trabajar en la búsqueda de estrategias que favorezcan el perfeccionamiento idiomático de los egresados, en este sentido se desarrolló una investigación en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Colón con el objetivo de desarrollar la expresión oral en el inglés con fines específicos en el tercer año de la carrera de Medicina. Se (...) emplearon métodos como el análisis de documentos, la observación participante, y los registros anecdóticos. El sistema de actividades aplicado favorece la negociación de significados, toma de riesgos, mayor precisión al expresar ideas, así como el acercamiento del uso del idioma en situaciones reales con lo cual se logra mayor motivación, objetividad del aprendizaje e independencia, al emplear las habilidades lingüísticas para su desempeño profesional. In Cuban medical education, a curriculum in which English is integrated, is designed to fulfill a social mission. Presently, it is a priority to identify strategies that support the idiomatic improvement of graduates. To this end, an investigation was developed in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas at Colon Campus with the objective of developing speaking in English for Specific Purposes in the third-year of the medical program of study. Methods such as document analysis, participant observation, and review of anecdotal records were used. The resulting system of activities favors the negotiation of meaning, risk-taking, improved precision to express ideas and the expanded use of English language in real situations. This results in greater motivation, learning objectivity and independence to use language skills for their professional performance. (shrink)

The benefits of homework on student learning and academic achievement, to a large extent, depend on the degree of student engagement. Motivational engagement (my intention or why I do the homework), cognitive engagement (how I get involved in homework), and behavioral engagement (how much homework I do, how much time I devote to it, how I manage that time) are key aspects that condition the quality of the process of doing homework, learning, and academic achievement. Prior academic achievement is one (...) of the variables that seems to be positively related to student engagement (both due its motivational component and to the training to do homework). The main purpose of this work was to study in detail this relationship in students of the last stage of Primary Education (N = 516). The results showed that (i) as achievement levels rise, the use of a shallow focus to doing homework decreases (and the use of a deep approach increases); (ii) there is also a progressive increase in the amount of homework done and in the management of the time dedicated to homework. On another hand, as in previous research, (iii) no relationship was observed between the levels of prior achievement and the amount of time spent doing homework. (shrink)

Introduction: What is to be gained from a confrontation between Plato and Heidegger? -- Heidegger's critical reading of Plato in the 1920s -- Dialectic, ethics, and dialogue -- Heidegger's critique of dialectic in the 1920s --Ethics and ontology -- Ethics in Plato's sophist -- Heidegger and dialogue -- Logos and being -- The tensions in Heidegger's critique -- The guiding perspective of Plato as undermining the ontic/ontological distinction -- Heidegger on Plato's forms -- Conclusion: The relation between being and Heidegger (...) on Plato's truth and untruth in the 1930s and 1940s -- From the 1931-32 and 1933-34 courses on the essence of truth to "Plato's doctrine -- Of truth" : Heidegger's transformation of Plato into platonism through the interpretation of the sun and cave analogies of the republic -- The courses on the essence of truth from WS 1931/32 and WS 1933/34 -- Plato's truth in the beitråge of 1936-38 -- Plato's doctrine of truth in 1940 -- The end of truth : the 1964 retraction -- Conclusion: The end of truth? -- The dialogue that could have been : Hidegger on the Theaetetus -- The Theaetetus interpretation in Die Grundbegriffe der antiken philosophie (SS 1926) -- The interpretation of the Theaetetus in the Vom Wesen der wahrheit course of 1931-32 and 1933-34 -- Conclusion: Heidegger's orthodoxy -- The 1942 interpretation of Plato in the myth of the (Republic book 10) -- The Roman versus the Greek conception of truth saying in the myth of ER -- Purging the myth of ER : the ontologizing of ethics and politics -- The Greek experience of the open : a saying that points and hints versus the "Leap" -- Conclusion: Leaping beyond Plato -- Opportunities for a dialogue with Plato in the late Heidegger -- Calculative thinking, meditative thinking, and the practice of dialogue -- Heidegger's critique of logos in the 1930s -- Dialogue as bringing to speech the unsaid -- Plato's dialectic or Hegel's? -- A saying beyond assertion -- Plato's dialogues and Heidegger's leap -- Heidegger and the dialogue form -- Redefining hermeneutics -- Back to the beginning with dialectic and dialogue -- Conclusion: Dialectic versus sophia again -- 7 dialectic and phenomenology in "Zeit und Sein" : a pivotal chapter in Heidegger's confrontation with Plato -- From dialectic and hermeneutics to phenomenology -- The Auseinandersetzung with Plato. (shrink)

In Ogborn v. United Food & Commercial Workers Union, Local No. 881, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that while major depression can constitute a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act, isolated bouts of depression do not. Furthermore, the court held that an employee's firing after taking medical leave for depression does not violate the Family and Medical Leave Act, where evidence shows that the employee would have been fired for poor performance even if he (...) had not taken the leave.Alleging that he was fired in violation of the ADA and the FMLA, Jerry Ogborn sued his former employer, Local 881 of the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, as well as the union's vice president. Beginning in 1980, Ogborn worked as a business agent for the union, which represents members employed primarily in the retail grocery industry. Ogborn's duties consisted of visiting retail grocery stores employing workers represented by the union, meeting with members about working conditions, and filing and processing members’ grievances. (shrink)

Una búsqueda en la historia de las publicaciones de la provincia de Camagüey, fundamentalmente revistas y periódicos que incluyeron artículos de carácter científico entre las décadas del treinta y el cincuenta del siglo XX, es propósito esencial de este trabajo. El sondeo realizado permitió la valoración de la figura de la primera doctora camagüeyana en Medicina Gertrudis Aguilera Céspedes y su actuación descollante en este período. Para ello se revisaron los documentos que atesoran la Sala de Fondos Raros y Valiosos (...) de la Biblioteca Provincial “Julio Antonio Mella”, el Departamento de Investigaciones del Museo Provincial “Ignacio Agramonte” y bibliotecas particulares de algunos médicos y profesionales del territorio. La búsqueda condujo a la demostración del impacto que en el orden científico representó esta galena y además, una contribución para preservar la memoria cultural de nuestra ciudad A search in the Camagüey´s publications, mainly articles with scientific purposes during the thirty's up to the fifty's in the XX Century, is covered under the scope of this work. The study was carried out to value the figure of the first female doctor in Medicine Gertrudis Aguilera Cespedes and her outstanding performance at that time. Some journals and documents from different libraries were revised. The search led to the demonstration of the impact that Tula Aguilera represented for this scientific field, at the same time this is a contribution to preserve the cultural memory of Camagüey city. (shrink)

This paper outlines a procedure for assessing the quality of failure explanations in engineering failure analysis. The procedure structures the information contained in explanations such that it enables to find weak points, to compare competing explanations, and to provide redesign recommendations. These features make the procedure a good asset for critical reflection on some areas of the engineering practice of failure analysis and redesign. The procedure structures relevant information contained in an explanation by means of structural equations so as to (...) make the relations between key elements more salient. Once structured, the information is examined on its potential to track counterfactual dependencies by offering answers to relevant what-if-things-had-been-different questions. This criterion for explanatory goodness derives from the philosophy of science literature on scientific explanation. The procedure is illustrated by applying it to two case studies, one on Failure Analysis in Mechanical Engineering (a broken vehicle shaft) and one on Failure Analysis in Civil Engineering (a collapse in a convention center). The procedure offers failure analysts a practical tool for critical reflection on some areas of their practice while offering a deeper understanding of the workings of failure analysis (framing it as an explanatory practice). It, therefore, allows to improve certain aspects of the explanatory practices of failure analysis and redesign, but it also offers a theoretical perspective that can clarify important features of these practices. Given the programmatic nature of the procedure and its object (assessing and refining explanations), it extends work on the domain of computational argumentation. (shrink)

This paper investigates how the simulation of intelligence, an activity that has been considered the notional task of Artificial Intelligence, does not comprise its duplication. Briefly touching on the distinction between conceivability and possibility, and commenting on Ryan’s approach to fiction in terms of the interplay between possible worlds and her principle of minimal departure, we specify verisimilitude in Artificial Intelligence as the accurate resemblance of intelligence by its simulation and, from this characterization, claim the metaphysical impossibility of duplicating intelligence, (...) as neither verisimilarly nor convincingly simulating intelligence involves its duplication. To this end, we argue by a representative case of simulation that, albeit conceivable, Turing’s test for machine intelligence wrongly equates the occurrence of indistinguishable intelligence performance to intelligence duplication, which is grounded in a prima facie conceivable but metaphysically impossible view that separates intelligence from its origin. Finally, we establish the following criterion for evaluating simulation in Artificial Intelligence: simulations succeed in AI if and only if they are able to epistemically persuade human beings that intelligence has been duplicated, that is, if and only if verisimilar simulations can convincingly minimally depart from actual intelligence. (shrink)

A major challenge for research in artificial intelligence is to develop systems that can infer the goals, beliefs, and intentions of others (i.e., systems that have theory of mind, ToM). In this research, we propose a cognitive ToM framework that uses a well-known theory of decisions from experience to construct a computational representation of ToM. Instance-based learning theory (IBLT) is used to construct a cognitive model that generates ToM from the observation of other agents' behavior. The IBL model of the (...) observer distinguishes itself from previous models of ToM that make unreasonable assumptions about human cognition, are hand-crafted for particular settings, complex, or unable to explain a cognitive development of ToM compared to human's ToM. The IBL model learns from the observation of goal-directed agents' behavior in a gridworld navigation task, and it infers and predicts the behaviors of the agents in new gridworlds across different degrees of decision complexity in similar ways to the way human observers do. We provide evidence for the alignment of the IBL observer's predictions under various levels of decision complexity. We also advance the demonstration of the IBL predictions using a classic test of false beliefs (the Sally–Anne test), which is commonly used to test ToM in humans. We discuss our results and the potential of the IBL observer model to improve human–machine interactions. (shrink)

En este trabajo se analiza la idea de justicia como principio inspirador de buen gobierno y, de cómo ha evolucionado. La estrecha relación actual entre orden y justicia, ha supuesto la aparición de un paradigma democrático que tiene más que ver con las ideas de estabilidad y seguridad que con la idea de justicia. Tal circunstancia ha desembocado en una utopía normativa en la que orden y justicia, libertad y seguridad, se oponen entre sí en detrimento de la pluralidad política (...) y de los espacios participativos. (shrink)

Lakatos’s approach to prediction and novel facts is of considerable interest. Prediction appears in his conception in at least three different levels: a) as an important aim of the research programs; b) as a procedure -a key method- for increasing our scientific knowledge both theoretically and empirically; and c) as the way to assess the scientific character of knowledge claims -means for evaluating results-. At all these levels he envisions a close connection between prediction and novel facts. The paper has (...) four aims. First, to examine his concept of “prediction” in Lakatos’s MSRP, taking into account different aspects. Second, to clarify the notion of “novel facts”, which requires the consideration of the various ways in which new facts can be understood. Third, to examine the prediction of novel facts as criterion of appraisal. Fourth, to explore Lakatos’s approach in connection with the field of economics, in order to shed new light on issues that have been discussed in recent years. (shrink)