Recently, Hosmer (1994a) proposed a model linking right, just, and fair treatment of extended stakeholders with trust and innovation in organizations. The current study tests this model by using Victor and Cullen''s (1988) ethical work climate instrument to measure the perceptions of the right, just, and fair treatment of employee stakeholders.In addition, this study extends Hosmer''s model to include the effect of right, just, and fair treatment on employee communication, also believed to be an underlying dynamic of trust.More specifically, the (...) current study used a survey of 111 managers to test (1) whether right, just, and fair treatment influences trust, both directly as well as indirectly via communication, and (2) whether trust influences perceptions of commitment and innovation. Strong support for the study''s hypotheses and Hosmer''s (1994a) model was found. Such findings support those who argue that moral management may be good management. (shrink)

Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, personalized medicine has become one of the most influential visions guiding medical research. This paper focuses on the politics of personalized medicine in psychiatry as a medical specialty, which has rarely been investigated by social science scholars. I examine how this vision is being sustained and even increasingly institutionalized within the mental health arena, even though related research has repeatedly failed. Based on a document analysis and expert interviews, this article identifies discursive (...) strategies that help to sustain this vision and its promises: “complexity talk,” “extension,” and “boundary work.” These practices secure its plausibility, protect it from criticism, and maintain stakeholder support. (shrink)

When a fragmented line-drawing of an object moves relative to a background of randomly oriented lines, the previously hidden object can be segregated from the background and consequently enters awareness. In this shape-from-motion paradigm, the percept of the object briefly persists after the motion stops, demonstrating the maintenance of a bound percept in awareness. This study investigated how the manipulation of object features that are crucial to recognition influences both the binding process and the maintenance of objects in awareness. Overall, (...) we found that objects that took longer to recognize were nonetheless maintained in awareness for longer. We argue that this effect is mediated by additional elaborative processing that is required to bind these less recognizable forms, which generates stronger and more robust representations. These representations are then more easily maintained in awareness, suggesting an important role of elaborative mechanisms for conscious representations. (shrink)

Besonnenes Denken und Handeln erweist sich heute als dringlicher denn je. Bennent-Vahle akzentuiert und entfaltet diese These nicht zuletzt mit Blick auf aktuelle Tendenzen politischer Radikalisierung und gesellschaftlicher Verrohung. Erläutert wird, wie bedeutsam Perspektiven umsichtiger Persönlichkeitsbildung für das Gelingen demokratischer Prozesse sind. Vor allem kommt es darauf an, der menschlichen Emotionalität gerecht zu werden und eine Kultivierung der Mitgefühle anzuregen. Hier bietet die philosophische Tradition wertvolle Anknüpfungspunkte, die es auf der Basis vertiefter wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse zum menschlichen Gefühlsleben zeitgemäß auszutarieren und (...) praxisbezogen zu erkunden gilt. (shrink)

This guest editorial opens with a brief overview of the transformations of medicine and mental health that can be observed since the second half of the twentieth century. New genetics and biotechnologies hold out the promise of overcoming presumed limitations in the field of mental health care, that is, the fact that diagnostic procedures in psychiatry and clinical psychology still largely rely on the narratives of patients and questionnaires, supposedly subjective assessments by physicians and psychologists. It is envisioned that innovative (...) genetic and proteomic tools, imaging technologies, and objective laboratory tests for blood biomarkers will enable better diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases. We argue that emerging biotechnologies do not revolutionize mental health, despite their promise to do so. Instead, we observe a pluralization of research and treatment approaches in the domain of mental health. The second part of this editorial discusses the contributions to this special issue on emerging biotechnologies and mental health and outlines how they address some of the gaps in social studies of psychiatry and mental health in the twenty-first century. (shrink)

Den Zusammenhang der Arbeit stellt die Dreigliedrigkeit Realität- Sprache-Denken dar; das Fehlen dieses Zusammenhangs bei Chomsky und Skinner wird aufgedeckt und damit der Mythos einer fetischisierten Sprache. Das geschieht primär durch die Analyse theoretischer Prämis- sen, die die Richtung der Arbeitsresultate festschreiben und relevante Fragestellungen aussparen. Die Arbeit zeigt, wie das konstruiert wurde und welche Konsequenzen das theoretisch und z.T. auch praktisch hat. Damit stehen nicht nur die theoretischen Interessen der beiden Autoren, sondern die der Linguistik zur Debatte, zumal als (...) einer Disziplin, die nicht autark ist, sondern Wissen über Welt voraussetzt und selbst ideologisch produziert. (shrink)

Long description: Nach der Dekonstruktion der Vorstellungen von Echtheit, Eigentlichkeit und Ursprünglichkeit unter dem Vorzeichen des Cultural Turn erfährt Authentizität eine neue Konjunktur - sowohl in der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung als auch in der kulturellen Praxis. Der Band widmet sich dieser neuen Sehnsucht nach dem Ursprünglichen und begreift sie als Herausforderung für die Kulturwissenschaften. Die Beiträge eröffnen den Dialog zwischen unterschiedlichen Authentizitäts-Konzepten und verbinden theoretische Positionsbestimmungen mit konkreten Anwendungsbereichen.

Besonnenes Denken und Handeln erweist sich heute als dringlicher denn je. Bennent-Vahle akzentuiert und entfaltet diese These nicht zuletzt mit Blick auf aktuelle Tendenzen politischer Radikalisierung und gesellschaftlicher Verrohung. Erlautert wird, wie bedeutsam Perspektiven umsichtiger Personlichkeitsbildung fur das Gelingen demokratischer Prozesse sind. Vor allem kommt es darauf an, der menschlichen Emotionalitat gerecht zu werden und eine Kultivierung der Mitgefuhle anzuregen. Hier bietet die philosophische Tradition wertvolle Anknupfungspunkte, die es auf der Basis vertiefter wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse zum menschlichen Gefuhlsleben zeitgemass auszutarieren und (...) praxisbezogen zu erkunden gilt. (shrink)

Colleges of agriculture are being forced to adapt to a changing world. The forces behind these changes affect all departments within the college. In this paper, the place of agricultural economics within the college and within the university is identified, the current situation facing the discipline is outlined, and strategies for responding to the forces of change are discussed. Three alternatives are available: continuation, termination, and metamorphosis. Different departments are likely to pursue different strategies. Some may disappear altogether or may (...) be absorbed into the parent discipline, economics, or into the business school. Other departments may transform themselves into specialized sub-disciplines, such as natural resources or agribusiness departments. Still others may continue with little or no change. Whatever course is followed, strategic planning will surely be necessary. (shrink)

BackgroundBiobanking biospecimens and consent are common practice in paediatric research. We need to explore children and young people’s (CYP) knowledge and perspectives around the use of and consent to biobanking. This will ensure meaningful informed consent can be obtained and improve current consent procedures.MethodsWe designed a survey, in co-production with CYP, collecting demographic data, views on biobanking, and consent using three scenarios: 1) prospective consent, 2) deferred consent, and 3) reconsent and assent at age of capacity. The survey was disseminated (...) via the Young Person’s Advisory Group North England (YPAGne) and participating CYP’s secondary schools. Data were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach by three independent reviewers (including CYP) to identify common themes. Data triangulation occurred independently by a fourth reviewer.ResultsOne hundred two CYP completed the survey. Most were between 16–18 years (63.7%, N = 65) and female (66.7%, N = 68). 72.3% had no prior knowledge of biobanking (N = 73).Acceptability of prospective consent for biobanking was high (91.2%, N = 93) with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘potential benefits outweigh individual risk’, 'frugality', and ‘(in)convenience’.Deferred consent was also deemed acceptable in the large majority (84.3%, N = 86), with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘body integrity’ and ‘sample frugality’. 76.5% preferred to reconsent when cognitively mature enough to give assent (N = 78), even if parental consent was previously in place. 79.2% wanted to be informed if their biobanked biospecimen is reused (N = 80).ConclusionProspective and deferred consent acceptability for biobanking is high among CYP in the UK. Altruism, frugality, body integrity, and privacy are the most important themes. Clear communication and justification are paramount to obtain consent. Any CYP with capacity should be part of the consenting procedure, if possible. (shrink)

In recent years, knowledge management has been utilized as an essential strategy to foster the creation of organizational intellectual capital. Organizational intellectual capital can be derived both individually and collectively in the process to create, store, share, acquire, and apply personal and organizational knowledge. However, some organizations only focus on the development of public good, despite the concerns arising from individuals' self-interest or possible risks. The different concern of individual and collective perspectives toward knowledge management inevitably leads to ethical conflicts (...) and ethical culture in the organization (Jarvenpaa et al., J Manage Inf Syst 14(4): 29-64, 1998; Ruppel and Harrington, IEEE Trans Prof Commun 44(l): 37-52, 2000). The purpose of this study is to examine the ethical climate within the organization and its possible influence on members' evaluation, satisfaction, engagement, and job performance with respect to knowledge management practice. The research results reveal that several types of organizational ethical climate coexist in the organization and have different degrees of influence on employees' attitude as well as participation in knowledge management activities. In this article, we argue the importance of organizational ethical climate and highlight the implications of such a climate for facilitating knowledge management. (shrink)