The paper shows how the transcendental assumptions of Kant’s Critique of Reason collects together two of the key moments that, in their various relationships, recur throughout the post-Kantian discussion: anti-psycologism respectively psychologism on the one hand, and anthropology on the other hand. Whereas the position of K.L. Reinhold’s Elementary Philosophy is characterized by a proposal for a superior factualism – that of consciousness as condition of possibility of human experience –, the arguments put forward by J.G. Fichte’s Doctrine of science (...) intend to overcome such a transcendental psychology in order to gain back the true meaning of Kant’s critical turning point, without accepting some too formalistic restrictions. (shrink)

The 21st century faces one of the most singular challenges of all times. How to react to the obstacles that follow the cycle of the Anthropocene, with all its disastrous and putrid consequences? There are two possible ways: acceptance of the situation or the critical and prophetic reaction, that lies on the ground of hospitality and dialogue. When ethnocentrism, xenophobia and fundamentalism grow, dialogue and acceptance of the other urge with a special meaning. Dialogue and Hospitality are expressions that interact (...) and complement each other. Facing the current situation that is asking for interconnection, we must broaden the fabrics of this reception, including not only human beings, but opening the scope to a wider dimension of all creation. Humankind is related, is linked to a larger web that weaves the universe. Inhabiting the Earth gains a new meaning, to be part of life itself. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende situar a candente questão das teologias índias no tempo atual e o desafio essencial do reconhecimento da alteridade indígena e dos direitos que acompanham essa singularidade. Inicia-se com a reflexão sobre as controvérsias que envolvem o tema das teologias índias no contexto eclesial contemporâneo. A seguir, discute-se o difícil aprendizado que envolve a tomada de consciência dos povos indígenas como “povos distintos”. Nota-se na atual conjuntura da Igreja católica romana um particular embaraço nesse delicado campo, e (...) uma tendência a entender a diversidade religiosa como momento passageiro ou conjuntural. A questão da alteridade ganha uma peculiar atualidade para a teologia cristã, que vem provocada a ampliar o seu campo de compreensão. Tal aprendizado envolve a ampliação do olhar e também o resgate de valores que são fundamentais, e que nem sempre estão presentes no repertório cristão, como o resgate da espiritualidade terrenal desses povos indígenas. A vida espiritual expressa pela teologia índia revela-se “cosmoteândrica”. Nos rituais andinos celebra-se uma grande comunhão que integra a comunidade humana, o meio ambiente e a divindade geradora de vida. Encontra-se uma viva consciência da imanência de Deus e da sacralidade da criação, da transparência de Deus e de sua diafania por toda parte. Essa espiritualidade recupera valores que são essenciais para o ser humano e que estão esquecidos e abafados em nossa sociedade marcada por uma lógica egocêntrica e pela racionalidade do mercado. Palavras-chave: Teologia índia; alteridade; espiritualidade terrenal; espiritualidade cosmoteândrica. ABSTRACT The present article aims to situate the discussion of the Indian theologies nowadays. It also seeks to situate the essential challenge of the recognition of native alterity as well as the rights that go with such peculiarity. This paper first begins by reflecting on controversies that cover the question of the Indian theologies in the current days.. After that, a detailed discussion on the difficulties of general apprenticeship involving consciousness of the native people as “a different people ” is made. Expressive difficulties on the part of the Catholic Church in dealing with diversity as well as its tendency to comprehend diversity as a conjunctural and not a structural subject are currently observed. The discussion on alterity has required full attention on the side of Christian theology, which has broadened understanding on such issue. Apprenticeship concerning the question of alterity involves expansion of vision and also the recovering of those values which have always been present on Christian repertoire. It is important to emphasize here that one of those basic Christian values to be considered are those related to the recovering of terrestrial spirituality of native people. The spiritual life expressed by the Indian theology appears to be "cosmoteandric". In the Andean rituals, celebration and integration of human community, environment and divinity, are always present. A lively consciousness of the immanence of God, as well as awareness of the sacrality of the creation and the transparency of God and of his manifestation in everywhere is often found among Indian people. Such spirituality recovers values considered of strong importance for human being but unfortunately put aside in our society which is undoubtedly marked by an egocentric logic and by the rationality of economy and market. Key words : Indian theology; alterity; terrestrial spirituality; cosmoteandric spirituality. (shrink)

Information can be public among a group. Whether or not information is public matters, for example, for accounts of interdependent rational choice, of communication, and of joint intention. A standard analysis of public information identifies it with (some variant of) common belief. The latter notion is stipulatively defined as an infinite conjunction: for p to be commonly believed is for it to believed by all members of a group, for all members to believe that all members believe it, and so (...) forth. This analysis is often presupposed without much argument in philosophy. Theoretical entrenchment or intuitions about cases might give some traction on the question, but give little insight about why the identification holds, if it does. The strategy of this paper is to characterize a practical-normative role for information being public, and show that the only things that play that role are (variants of) common belief as stipulatively characterized. In more detail: a functional role for “taking a proposition for granted” in non-isolated decision making is characterized. I then present some minimal conditions under which such an attitude is correctly held. The key assumption links this attitude to beliefs about what is public. From minimal a priori principles, we can argue that a proposition being public among a group entails common commitment to believe among that group. Later sections explore partial converses to this result, the factivity of publicity and publicity from the perspective of outsiders to the group, and objections to the aprioricity of the result deriving from a posteriori existential presuppositions. (shrink)

Should we regard Jennifer Lackey’s ‘Creationist Teacher’ as understanding evolution, even though she does not, given her religious convictions, believe its central claims? We think this question raises a range of important and unexplored questions about the relationship between understanding, factivity and belief. Our aim will be to diagnose this case in a principled way, and in doing so, to make some progress toward appreciating what objectual understanding—i.e., understanding a subject matter or body of information—demands of us. Here is the (...) plan. After some ground clearing in §1, §2 outlines and motivates a plausible working model—moderate factivity—for characterising the sense in which objectual understanding should be regarded as factive. §3 shows how the datum that we can understand false theories can, despite initial suggestions to the contrary, be assimilated straightforwardly within the moderate factivity model. §4 highlights how the inverse kind of case to that explored in §3—viz., a variant of Lackey’s creationist teacher case—poses special problems for moderate factivity. With reference to recent work on moral understanding by Hills, §5 proposes a solution to the problem, and §6 attempts to diagnose why it is that we might originally have been led to draw the wrong conclusion. (shrink)

The purpose of my article is twofold: firstly, it indicates the structure aswell as the main characteristics of the phenomenology of Theodor Lipps; secondly, it brings to light its peculiar significance within the discussion of the time. The thesis that I put forward consists in two parts: Lipps develops a pure psychology, that is a phenomenology of spirit as a response toHusserl’s charge of psychologism posed in the Logical Investigations; in his opinion such a response is sustainable to the extent (...) that it particularly emphasizes the metaphysical dimensionwhich distinguishes the phenomenological investigation. (shrink)

A pesquisa acadêmica exige uma gama de procedimentos. Cada área desenvolve seus métodos, que são avaliados pelos resultados da qualidade das pesquisas. Para quem se inicia nesse processo, conhecer esses passos e procedimentos é muito significativo e definidor da formação do pesquisador. O presente texto, nascido na área de Ciências da Religião e Teologia, tem por objetivo a apresentação do método que foi desenvolvido pelo autor, professor convidado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Religião da UFJF – PPCIR-UFJF, em (...) mais de três décadas de orientação, pesquisa e aprendizado. O artigo foi produzido a partir da experiência adquirida das orientações e mostra as condições fundamentais para o trabalho acadêmico, especialmente indicadas por João Batista Libanio, mas também por outros pesquisadores. A parte central do texto é a sistematização do método de orientação acadêmica denominado “método eletrônico”, termo criado por Libanio, e assumido pelo autor em suas mais de cinquenta orientações. Além de indicar os passos desse método, com observações importantes e práticas, há um exemplo de aplicação sobre como elaborar um artigo. (shrink)

The comparative study of mysticism and inter-religious spirituality has gained more space in universities and research centers that radiate everywhere. They are also research involving Eastern religions, in its peculiar mystical trait. Also in the context of Buddhism one can talk on spirituality, understood as a search path of liberation. This article presents the theme of Zen Buddhist spirituality based on the reflection of Eihei Dogen Zenji (1200 – 1253), one of the most important and prominent teachers of the Soto (...) Zen Tradition. This text aims to show the richness of spirituality and its peculiarity concerning the everyday reality. To promote understanding of the central question presented, the theme of spirituality was situated within the historical context of the birth of Zen Buddhism and the insertion of the presence of Dogen in its field of action. The theme of Zen spirituality was becoming evident in the approach to the problem of search of the Dharma in Dogen and his attention to small signs of everyday life. Keywords: Spirituality. Buddhism. Zen. Daily life. Religions. Resumo Os estudos de mística comparada e de espiritualidade interreligiosa vão ganhando espaço cada vez mais singular nas universidades e núcleos de pesquisa que se irradiam por toda parte. São pesquisas que envolvem também as religiões orientais, em seu traço místico peculiar. Também no âmbito do budismo pode-se falar em espiritualidade, entendida como um caminho de busca da libertação. Esse artigo visa apresentar o tema da espiritualidade zen budista, com base na reflexão de Eihei Dôgen Zenji (1200-1253), um dos mais importantes e destacados mestres da tradição Soto Zen. O objetivo é mostrar a riqueza dessa espiritualidade e sua peculiaridade de adesão à realidade cotidiana. Para favorecer a compreensão da questão central apresentada, visou-se situar a temática no âmbito do contexto histórico do nascimento do zen budismo e da inserção da presença de Dôgen em seu campo de ação. A temática da espiritualidade zen foi se evidenciando na abordagem da problemática da busca do Dharma em Dôgen e de sua atenção aos pequenos sinais do cotidiano. Palavras-Chave : Espiritualidade. Budismo. Zen. Cotidiano. Religiões. (shrink)

O diálogo inter-religioso apresenta-se como um dos grandes desafios para o terceiro milênio. Num tempo marcado pelo recrudescimento da violência e da intolerância, o diálogo significa uma possibilidade alternativa. Não há outro caminho possível para a paz no mundo senão mediante o entendimento mútuo e a abertura para a alteridade. O presente artigo busca traduzir o significado do diálogo no contexto da globalização e suas condições de exercício. Palavras-chave: Diálogo; Religião; Globalização; Pluralismo; Alteridade; Comunicação. ABSTRACT Inter-religions dialogue is one of (...) the great challenges of the third millennium. In a time when violence and intolerance have taken momentum, dialogue means an alternativepossibility. There is no other way towards peace in the world but mutual understanding and the openness to alterity. This paper aims at translating the meaning of dialogue within the context of globalization and its conditions of exercise. Key words: Dialogue; Religion; Globalization; Pluralism; Alterity; Communication. (shrink)

Tendo como base os dados colhidos no último Censo do IBGE (2000), percebe-se um novo declínio de adeptos da Igreja Católica, que agora somam 73,8%. Começa a ocorrer uma perda da hegemonia católica sobretudo em razão do crescimento pentecostal. Mas na verdade, o Brasil continua a ser um país com grande pertença cristã (em torno de 90%). Mas já se começa a vislumbrar uma situação nova, marcada pela destradicionalização e pela pluralização do campo religioso. A teologia cristã se vê convocada (...) a pensar esta nova realidade, sendo desafiada a elaborar respostas novas e criativas para esta situação emergente. Palavras-chave: Catolicismo; Pluralismo religioso; Teologia; Religiões. ABSTRACT Based on data collected in the last IBGE Census (2000), one notices a decline in the number of Catholics, now reaching 73.8%. A loss of the Catholic hegemony can be felt, resulting mainly from the growth of the Pentecostal Church. In fact, Brazil goes on being a country of wide Christian adhesion (around 90%). However, a new situation, marked by the fall of tradition and a religious pluralism, begins to take shape. Christian theology is challenged to consider that new reality and to elaborate new and creative responses to the emerging situation. Key words: Catholicism; Religious pluralism; Theology; Religions. (shrink)

Schiller kam im Jahre 1789 als Professor nach Jena und erregte mit seiner Antrittsvorlesung an der Universität Aufsehen. Darin stellt er den »Brotgelehrten«, der nur einen bequemen und gutbesoldeten Posten beansprucht, dem »philosophischen Kopf« gegenüber, der keine Mühe um der Wahrheit willen scheut. Brotgelehrte waren Erhard und Maimon mit Sicherheit nicht. Der eine war Jakobiner und Arzt, der andere jüdischer Autodidakt und unermüdlicher Wahrheitspilger. Gerade Fichte war derjenige, der aus den beiden Außenseitern Mitstreiter gemacht und ihnen den Rang philosophischer Köpfe (...) zuerkannt hat. Er hat sie neben dem ›grossen Mann‹, Kant, zu den einzigen Vorreitern seiner Rechtslehre erklärt. (shrink)