As children with Down syndrome (DS) typically manifest significant delays in language development, the research has pointed out the predictors of later language skills for this clinical population. The purpose of this study was to systematically explore the evidence for early predictors of language outcomes in infants and toddlers with DS from studies published between 2012 and 2022. After the search, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that maternal educational level, adaptive level of functioning, cognitive function, attention (...) skills, communicative intent of the child, early vocalizations, gestures, baby signs, parents’ translation of their children’s gestures into words, and vocabulary level are significant predictors of language outcomes in children with DS. These findings provide a timely and warranted summary of published work that contributes to current understanding of the development of language and communication in DS. They are therefore useful to researchers, clinicians, and families. (shrink)

A lógica não contém teoremas puramente existenciais: as únicas sentenças existenciaisválidas são aquelas com análogas universais válidas. Aqui, mostramos que istorealmente é assim quando corretamente interpretado: toda validade ex- istencial possuiuma análoga universal simples, que também é válida. Também caracterizamos validadesuniversais e existenciais em termos de tautologias.

Neste trabalho, trataremos primeiramente sobre o ensino de filosofia no novo ensino médio. Iremos abordar algumas das competências e habilidades presentes na nova BNCC e apontar como elas apresentam um cunho filosófico. Além disto, falaremos também um pouco sobre as novas metodologias, principalmente a partir da perspectiva de Silvio Gallo, e pensaremos novas maneiras de adotar estas metodologias dentro do ensino de filosofia do novo ensino médio a partir da perspectiva do uso da cinematografia no ensino de Filosofia. O objetivo (...) deste trabalho é propor um ensino de filosofia através da cinematografia. Após análises feitas sobre o novo ensino médio e levando em conta a nova BNCC, refletimos sobre a relação entre cinema e filosofia, apresentando como e quais pensadores já a reconheceram, dando um maior enfoque no pensamento de Julio Cabrera e em sua perspectiva sobre como se fazer filosofia através do cinema. Pensamos também em como a filosofia, desde o início de sua história, usou recursos imagéticos para a apresentação e representação de teorias e conceitos importantes dentro do pensamento filosófico. Tampouco o uso de filmes no ensino é novidade. Porém, aqui pretendemos explorar o uso da cinematografia no que se refere ao ensino de filosofia, previsto dentro da nova base. (shrink)

O livro aqui resenhado apresenta resultados de pesquisas realizadas por docentes que têm se dedicado às questões relacionadas às diversidades/ diferenças (étnicas, raciais, de gênero, sexualidades, culturais, linguísticas) em diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica-documental a partir de artigos disponíveis na base de dados do Scielo. Para a seleção desses artigos foram utilizadas sete palavras-chave que permitiram identificar as pesquisas sobre as pessoas com deficiência intelectual. A partir desta seleção realizou-se uma análise qualitativa dos resumos e dos objetivos destes artigos separando-os com base na fundamentação teórica do modelo conceitual sobre a deficiência intelectual utilizados nesta pesquisa, a saber: o modelo biomédico e o modelo social (...) da deficiência. Os resultados indicaram a predominância de pesquisas na vertente biomédica, além da predominância de estudos realizados com crianças com deficiência intelectual. (shrink)

Brazil has recently been experiencing a phenomenon of political polarization: a conflict involving political views and social identities. Considering the extent to which this socially constructed conflict has been partially fueled by the media, we propose to use the Social Representations Theory. The present study explores how discourses in the mainstream media construct the political polarization taking place in Brazil. The topics covered in 82 texts published between January 2015 and August 2019 in Brazilian mainstream press, Folha da S. Paulo (...) and Estado de S. Paulo, were examined using content analysis and Reinert’s method with IRaMuTeQ software. A descending hierarchical analysis divided the corpus into four classes, and content analysis showed that both daily newspapers strongly criticized the political polarization underway, which was anchored to and objectified through episodes of violence, and they supported the valorization of democracy. (shrink)

As AI Systems become increasingly autonomous, they are expected to engage in decision-making processes that have moral implications. In this research we integrate theoretical and empirical lines of thought to address the matters of moral reasoning and moral uncertainty in AI Systems. We reconceptualize the metanormative framework for decision-making under moral uncertainty and we operationalize it through a latent class choice model. The core idea being that moral heterogeneity in society can be codified in terms of a small number of (...) classes with distinct moral preferences and that this codification can be used to express moral uncertainty of an AI. Choice analysis allows for the identification of classes and their moral preferences based on observed choice data. Our reformulation of the metanormative framework is theory-rooted and practical in the sense that it avoids runtime issues in real time applications. To illustrate our approach we conceptualize a society in which AI Systems are in charge of making policy choices. While one of the systems uses a baseline morally certain model, the other uses a morally uncertain model. We highlight cases in which the AI Systems disagree about the policy to be chosen, thus illustrating the need to capture moral uncertainty in AI systems. (shrink)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is set to bring changes to legal systems. These technologies may have positive practical implications when it comes to access, efficiency, and accuracy in Justice. However, there are still many uncertainties and challenges associated with the implementation of AI in the legal space. In this research, we surveyed Judges on critical challenges related to the Judging Profession in the AI paradigm; Automated Adjudication; and Legal Principles. Our results suggest that (i) Judges are hesitant about changes in their (...) profession. They signal the need for adequate training that fosters legal literacy in AI, but are less open to changes in legal writing or their social and institutional role; (ii) Judges believe higher levels of automation only lead to fair outcomes if used in earlier phases of adjudication; (iii) Judges believe and are concerned about AI leading to Techno-Legal Positivism; and (iv) Judges consider that Legal AI technologies may have a positive impact in some legal principles, as long as everyone has equal access to those technologies and cybersecurity and judge on the loop safeguards are in place; and (v) Judges are strongly concerned about the de-humanization of Justice. They consider that assessing evidence, analyzing arguments, and deciding on a legal case should be inherently human. By surveying these practitioners, we aim to foster a responsible, inclusive, and transparent innovation in Justice. (shrink)

Seeking a historical-philosophical approach to science teaching, narrative texts have been used as pedagogical tools to improve the learning experience of students. A review of the literature of different types of narrative texts and their different rates of effectiveness in science education is presented. This study was developed using the so-called Historical Narrative as a tool to introduce science content from a historical-philosophical approach, aiming to discuss science as a human construction. This project was carried out in a 9th grade (...) Physics class in K-12 school, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The steps involved in constructing a Historical Narrative based on the controversy over animal electrical fluid between Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta is reported herein. Finally, qualitative research results of the activities inspired by this Historical Narrative are presented with the purpose of answering the research question: to what extent do Historical Narratives support and enhance discussions about the Nature of Science, through teaching the scientific content in a historical-philosophical approach with 9th grade students? The results indicate that Historical Narrative, based on historical episodes, is a good “door opener” to teach scientific content in a historical-philosophical approach, introducing discussions about the Nature of Science without neglecting the scientific content or simplifying the discussions about the NOS. (shrink)

1234Coming from the current context permeated by technological systems of Artificial Intelligence (AI), we discern a growing and recurring concern for the future, for its images and imaginaries, wh...

DIAS, Andréia Christina do Nascimento. Religião e Ciência: sustentação e entraves acerca do debate. 2014. Dissertação (Mestrado), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte. Palavras-Chave: Religião. Ciência. Razão. Psicologia. Moral. Educação. Keywords : Religion. Science. Reason. Psychology. Morals. Education.

O presente artigo tem origem em pesquisa de doutorado[1] sobre a presença de Quilombolas na Pós-graduação em quatro universidades públicas do Brasil – duas do Centro-oeste e duas do Nordeste, tendo em vista as considerações de seus interlocutores a respeito da luta por cidadania e afirmação de direitos - ao território, seu bem estar e à cidade/universidade. A partir da discussão sobre concepções como pertencimento, bem viver, cidade cognitiva e educação, o artigo traz à reflexão o contexto urbano marcado por (...) racismos e colonialidades, e onde se faz necessária a ação sociopolítica, para iniciar processos de transformação e produção de vida, em que todos tenham a sensação de pertencer e possam ter uma vida plena e satisfatória. Assim, resgatamos a compreensão do que significa a atuação quilombola dentro das comunidades, cidades e universidades, articulando seus saberes tradicionais com os conhecimentos científicos sistematizados, o se apresenta como um novo caminho para o desenvolvimento humano. [1] Pesquisa Financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Bolsa Doutorado. 2019-2022. (shrink)

O presente artigo contempla a contextualização da educação superior na contemporaneidade, seus desafios e exigências demandados pelos novos tempos e espaços de formação em relação aos estudos da Educação a Distância (EaD) e aos avanços frente aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem em EaD. Este estudo é parte da investigação qualitativa realizada junto aos cursos de Pedagogia EaD da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS) e da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). O lastro teórico que embasou esta (...) investigação foram os estudos apresentados por Belloni (2003), Litwin (2001), Leite (2002), Sancho (2006) e outros. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a EaD, mediada pelas tecnologias, apresenta características que propõem avanços aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem dessa modalidade, produzindo mudanças na cultura dos sujeitos, tornando os autônomos, participativos e integrantes da cultura digital. (shrink)

RESUMO O presente artigoapresenta reflexões sobre o conceito de “imprevisibilidade” advindas a partir do exercício de tradução para a língua portuguesa da obra Os mecanismos culturais imprevisíveis1, último livro publicado por Iuri Lótman. Mais do que uma explicação completa e definitiva das acepções sobre os trabalhos imprevisíveis da cultura, esboçamos nestes escritos fundamentos de interesse para a constituição de processos semiósicos de nossas particulares preocupações. Dessa forma, apresentam-se para as análises relações imprevisíveis em processos relacionados à ciência e à tecnologia, (...) à arte e à figura do estrangeiro.ABSTRACT This article reflects upon for the concept of unpredictability based on the translation into Portuguese of The Unpredictable Workings of Culture, Yuri Lotman’s last published book. More than a complete and definitive explanation of the meanings of the unpredictable works of culture, this article outlines the fundamentals that interest the constitution of semiosic processes that concerns us. Thus, unpredictable relationships in processes related to science and technology, art and the foreign figure are presented for the analysis. (shrink)

RESUMO Com diversos best sellers no currículo, Elena Ferrante é uma das escritoras mais influentes da atualidade; não obstante, é anônima. Sua obra é exemplo do que chamamos literatura de transição, pois indica mutações, resquícios e sinais do presente, enfatizando deslocamentos e margens nas metamorfoses sociopolíticas, bem como conflitos civilizacionais e éticos do viver. Neste ensaio, pretende-se explorar alguns elementos do ‘hibridismo pop’ de sua obra, evidenciando aspectos que conformaram sua recepção no Brasil e a adesão febril aos seus escritos. (...) O que ela denomina ‘desmarginação’ é apresentado como potência: permite a reaproximação do passado e o conhecimento de suas implicações na identidade, conduta e ética das pessoas comuns. Ação política munida da experiência histórica, a narrativa possibilita - no presente - alterações de rotas, rupturas prévias, resistências, bloqueios. ABSTRACT With several bestsellers under her belt, Elena Ferrante is one of today’s most influential writers, albeit anonymous. Her work is an example of what we could call transitional literature, as it indicates mutations, residues and signs of the present, emphasizing displacements and margins in sociopolitical metamorphoses as well as civilization and ethical conflicts of living. In this essay, we intend to explore some elements of the ‘pop hybridism’ of her work, highlighting aspects that shaped her reception in Brazil and her feverish readership. What she calls ‘demargination’ is presented as potency: it allows a reconnection to the past and the knowledge of its implications in the identity, behavior and ethics of common people. Political action imbricate in historical experience: the narrative makes possible - in the present time - alterations of routes, previous ruptures, resistances, and blockages. (shrink)

O N Concilio de Latrão, realizado em 1215, foi para a Igreja Ocidental o mais importante do período medieval. Seus 70 cânones apresentam uma síntese do projeto de reforma eclesial liderado pelo Papado, em vias de implantação desde meados do século XI, e que visava, dentre outros pontos, a moralização do clero. Contudo, qual foi o impacto destas regulamentações canônicas nas diversas regiões da Cristandade? Como tentativa de resposta parcial a tais questões, optamos por um estudo de caso: o da (...) Igreja Castelana, tão resistente às imposições romanas no século XI. Para o estudo da questão, optamos pela análise da obra literária Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos, de. Gonzalo de Berceo, clérigo secular e primeiro autor culto a escrever em castelhano do qual possuímos notícias históricas. Objetivamos, através do estudo comparativo desta obra literária e os cânones do Concilio de 1215, o impacto e penetração no início do século XIII, em Castela, do projeto de reformulação da moral eclesiástica promovido pelo papado. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo integra pesquisa nacional coordenada por (ADRIÃO, 2018), que realizou um mapeamento das formas de privatização da educação básica pública no país. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os princípios gerencialistas (LIMA, 2011) identificados no Programa de Ensino Médio Integral implantado em Pernambuco. O Programa é analisado entre 2008 a 2018 a partir de estudos de documentos oficiais do estado com foco nas orientações para a gestão educacional e escolar relacionadas à avaliação da educação e de seus (...) profissionais e às exigências para o provimento da função de diretor/a. Para a análise dos dados, buscou-se referência em estudos sobre o gerencialismo em diferentes contextos, compreendendo esta temática como parte de uma “agenda globalmente estruturada” (DALE, 2004), que vem materializando, de forma não linear, a racionalidade empresarial no âmbito da educação pública e produzindo diferentes formas de privatização. Palavras-chave: Gerencialismo; Gestão e Avaliação da Educação; Ensino Médio Integral; Pernambuco Business rationality, school management and evaluation in the Integral High School Program in Pernambuco (2008-2018) Abstract : The present work derives from a research project carried out by (ADRIÃO, 2018), whose main objective is to map cases in the privatization of public education in Brazil. This article analyzes the managerial principles (LIMA, 2011) identified in the Integral High School Program (Programa de Ensino Médio Integral) implemented in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco. Based on the study of official documents focusing on guidelines for school management related to school evaluation, performance, and selection process of school principals, we analyzed the aforementioned Program between 2008 and 2018. The data were analyzed based on studies on managerialism in different contexts and understanding this topic as part of a “globally structured agenda" (DALE, 2004) that has been shaping (in a non-linear way) business rationality in the scope of public education, with impact on different forms of privatization. Keywords: Managerialism; Management And Evaluation Of Education; Integral High School, Pernambuco Racionalidad empresarial, gestión escolar y evaluación en la propuesta de Educación Secundaria Integral en Pernambuco (2008-2018) Resumen: El artículo integra una investigación nacional coordinada por (ADRIÃO, 2018), que realizó un mapeo de las formas de privatización de la educación básica pública en el país. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar los principios gerenciales (LIMA, 2011) identificados en el Programa de Educación Secundaria Integral implantada en Pernambuco. El Programa es analizado entre 2008 y 2018 a partir de estudios de documentos oficiales del estado con foco en las orientaciones para la gestión educacional y escolar relacionadas a la evaluación de la educación de sus profesionales y las exigencias para cumplir la función de director/a. Para el análisis de los datos, se buscó referencias en estudios sobre el gerencialismo en diferentes contextos, comprendiendo esta temática como parte de una “agenda globalmente estructurada” (DALE, 2004), que viene materializando, de forma no lineal, la racionalidad empresarial en el ámbito de la educación pública y produciendo diferentes formas de privatización. Palabras-clave: Gerencialismo; Gestión Y Evaluación De La Educación; Educación Secundaria Integral; Pernambuco Data de registro: 26/04/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Burnout has been recognized as a serious health problem. In Portugal, before COVID-19 Pandemic, there were strong indicators of high prevalence of burnout in physicians and nurses. However, the Portuguese Health Care Service was able to efficiently respond to the increased demands. This study intends to understand how psychosocial variables might have been protective factors for burnout in physicians and nurses in Portugal. Specifically, we considered several psychosocial variables that have been found to be protective factors for burnout in previous (...) research and we compared their predictive and unique impact in the prediction of burnout. These variables are perceptions of justice (distributive, procedural, justice from colleagues, justice from patients, and their families), professional identification, meaningful work and empathy. We also included workload, as a risk factor, and controlled other variables that can be confounds for burnout, such as socio-demographic variables, ideological variables (religiosity, political orientation), and specific variables related with COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of the present study is composed by 229 physicians (aged between 23 and 70 years old,M= 36.54;SD= 10.72; 48% male and 52% female) and 268 nurses (aged between 22 and 69 years old,M= 34.96;SD= 9.52; 27% male and 73% female). An online survey was created using Qualtrics and participants were recruited via Facebook and LinkedIn. The data were collected during 29 days (between the 45th and the 74th days after the first diagnosed case of COVID-19 in Portugal). The results showed that workload was a significant risk factor, except for disengagement in physicians. The most consistent protectors across samples were procedural justice (for both dimensions of burnout, both in physicians and nurses) and professional identification (for disengagement, both in physicians and nurses; for exhaustion only in physicians). This study suggests that decreasing workload and promoting procedural justice and professional identification are key factors that might be simultaneously and independently addressed in interventions for reducing the risk of burnout or preventing it from occurring in the first place. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble les résultats de travaux d'un vaste projet citoyen et académique mené dans le cadre d'un Programme International de Philosophie "Exil, Création, Philosophie et Politique". Ces réflexions s'articulent autour d'une préoccupation, les métamorphoses de la politique, de la violence de la guerre et ses incidences sur l'action et la pensée politique. Que peuvent nous apprendre des féministes matérialistes sur ces métamorphoses?

Este artigo discute aspectos da vida religiosa feminina medieval, comparando a Vita Sancti Frutuosi, redigida em latim no século VII, e a versão deste texto em português arcaico, contida no Flos Sanctorum da UNB, transmitido por um único manuscrito datado do século XIV. Nosso objetivo é, a partir da análise dos trechos que relatam a relação de Frutuoso com a monja Benedita, identificar e discutir as semelhanças e particularidades entre as narrativas. A despeito de apresentarem a mesma trama, a VSF (...) tem como objetivo sublinhar a superioridade do cristianismo e legitimar a vida monástica, enquanto a versão do FS ganha contornos de caráter organizador da vida religiosa feminina. (shrink)

The reflections around teacher training and the means by which it is treated in the educational contexts have major importance, due to the urgency of the topic as well as the multiplicity of ways to be dealt along with the teachers. From researches of images production, developed with children and teachers in the ambit of early childhood education, this text will reflect on the formative processes of teachers in the childhood education. In this context, there are a few relevant questions: (...) what can the image do in the formative processes? In which ways may the teacher training help us to think about the childhood and the educational practices with little children? By which means may the childhood help us to think the work of teacher training. In this way, using the produced images, this text aims to operate in the circulation movement of the thought itself, in which the thought can, in its exteriority, experiment with words, childhood, image and teacher training, enabling ruptures to think about the child, the educators, the school, the knowledge, the doing, the powers, the action protocols, what to do with the children and how to deal with them, composing possibilities that overflow what is determined and legalized. As theoretical basis, we take authors such as G. Agamben, G. Deleuze e Michel Foucault. (shrink)

Resumo: Este estudo objetiva analisar as perspectivas de futuros professores em relação às práticas pedagógicas necessárias para a inclusão de alunos com deficiência, assim como a possibilidade de construí-las no cotidiano escolar. Para participar da pesquisa, foram selecionadas dezesseis futuras professoras que estão cursando os últimos semestres do curso de Pedagogia e já atuam como estagiárias na Educação Básica. A pesquisa se fundamenta na abordagem qualitativa e utilizou as narrativas como instrumento da coleta de dados. A partir do processo de (...) análise textual discursiva, identificaram-se três dimensões, com base nas temáticas utilizadas nesse estudo: Educação Inclusiva; Práticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas; Experiência. Os resultados do estudo indicam as experiências das professoras como novas e significativas e que o elemento principal para a transformação da educação inclusiva passa pela necessidade de formação, estudos e trocas de experiências e de constante construção teórico-prática, que se faz mister no processo inclusivo. Palavras-chave: Educação Superior; Educação Inclusiva; Formação de Professores; Práticas Pedagógicas. The perspectives of Inclusive Education in the Education course: narratives of beginning teachers Abstract: This study aims to analyze the perspectives of future teachers in relation to the pedagogical practices necessary for the inclusion of students with disabilities, as well as the possibility of building them in the school routine. In order to participate in the research, sixteen future teachers who are attending the last semesters of the Education course and already work as interns in Basic Education were selected. The research is based on a qualitative approach and it uses narratives as an instrument for data collection. From the discursive textual analysis process, three dimensions were identified, based on the themes used in this study: Inclusive Education; Inclusive Pedagogical Practices; Experience. The results of the study indicate the experiences of the teachers as new and significant, and that the main element for the transformation of inclusive education involves the need for training, studies and exchanges of experiences as well as constant theoretical-practical construction, which is essential in the inclusive process. Keywords: Higher Education; Inclusive Education; Teacher Training; Pedagogical Practices. Las perspectivas de la Educación Inclusiva en el curso de Pedagogía: narrativas de profesores principiantes Resumen: Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las perspectivas de futuros profesores con relación a las prácticas pedagógicas necesarias para la inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad, así como la posibilidad de construirlas en el cotidiano escolar. Para participar de la pesquisa, fueron seleccionadas dieciséis futuras profesoras que están cursando los últimos semestres del curso de Pedagogía y ya actúan como pasantes en la Educación Básica. La investigación se fundamenta en un enfoque cualitativo y utilizó las narrativas como instrumento de recogida de dados. A partir del proceso de análisis textual discursivo, fueron identificados tres dimensiones, con base en las temáticas utilizadas en este estudio: Educación Inclusiva; Prácticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas; Experiencia. Los resultados del estudio indican las experiencias de las profesoras como nuevas y significativas y que el elemento principal para la transformación de la educación inclusiva pasa por la necesidad de formación, estudios y cambios de experiencias además de constante construcción teórico-práctica, que es esencial en el proceso inclusivo. Palabras clave: Educación Universitaria; Educación Inclusiva; Formación de Profesores; Prácticas Pedagógicas. Data de registro: 14/04/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

RESUMO Esta pesquisa aborda o ato interpretativo e tem como objetivo conhecer melhor a atuação do intérprete de língua brasileira de sinais (Libras), que atua na modalidade simultânea, no contexto de Conferências acadêmicas. A reflexão sobre esta prática baseia-se em autores que se fundamentam em conceitos bakhtinianos. Assim, foi desenvolvida pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, usando a técnica da autoconfrontação simples na coleta de dados. O estudo mostrou que a conferência é um contexto complexo de atuação para esses profissionais, quanto: (...) (i) ao tempo necessário para tomada de decisões; (ii) à exposição resultante do destaque físico; (iii) à posição, ao lado ou um pouco à frente no palco, e (iv) ao preparo, que por vários motivos nem sempre é possível ser previamente executado. A compreensão mais aprofundada do contexto de interpretação em Conferência favorece a proposição de ações formativas adequadas às demandas e indica a necessidade de novos estudos nesse campo. (shrink)

Logics for ‘generally’ were introduced for handling assertions with vague notions , which occur often in ordinary language and in science. LG’s provide a framework for distinct notions of ‘generally’: one builds a specific logic for the notion one has in mind. We introduce deductive systems, in natural deduction style, for LG’s and show that these systems are normalizable.

Objective Adolescents have had very limited access to research on biomedical prevention interventions despite high rates of HIV acquisition. One concern is that adolescents are a vulnerable population, and trials carry a possibility of harm, requiring investigators to take additional precautions. Of particular concern is preventive misconception, or the overestimation of personal protection that is afforded by enrolment in a prevention intervention trial. Methods As part of a larger study of preventive misconception in adolescent HIV vaccine trials, we interviewed 33 (...) male and female 16–19-year-olds who have sex with men. Participants underwent a simulated HIV vaccine trial consent process, and then completed a semistructured interview about their understanding and opinions related to enrolment in a HIV vaccine trial. A grounded theory analysis looked for shared concepts, and focused on the content and process of adolescent participants’ understanding of HIV vaccination and the components of preventive misconception, including experiment, placebo and randomisation. Results Across interviews, adolescents demonstrated active processing of information, in which they questioned the interviewer, verbally worked out their answers based upon information provided, and corrected themselves. We observed a wide variety of understanding of research concepts. While most understood experiment and placebo, fewer understood randomisation. All understood the need for safer sex even if they did not understand the more basic concepts. Conclusions Education about basic concepts related to clinical trials, time to absorb materials and assessment of understanding may be necessary in future biomedical prevention trials. (shrink)

Este trabalho analisa a Administração Pública e o poder regulamentar das agências reguladoras no Brasil, a partir da Constituição de 1988. Utilizam-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e o método dedutivo. Constata-se que essas agências foram criadas, no Brasil, em um contexto de transformação do Estado, que buscava afastar-se da intervenção direta na ordem econômica e adotar um modelo gerencial, focado mais na fiscalização e regulação dos serviços públicos, do que em sua prestação direta. Os resultados indicam que os limites do poder (...) regulamentar dessas agências, entretanto, é objeto de controvérsia, face aos limites decorrentes do princípio da legalidade. (shrink)

We discuss the question of inclusions between positive relational terms and some of its aspects, using the form of a dialogue. Two possible approaches to the problem are emphasized: natural deduction and graph manipulations. Both provide sound and complete calculi for proving the valid inclusions, supporting nice strategies to obtain proofs in normal form, but the latter appears to present several advantages, which are discussed.

Altered attachment characteristics may disturb the HPA and can even cause changes in the hippocampus. However, it is unknown if that will influence spatial navigation performance, learning and recalling. In this study we pretend to verify if there are differences in spatial navigation learning and was associated with attachment style dimensions of anxiety and close-depend. Sixty-five female participants were recruited and were evaluated using the Adult Attachment Scale-R and tested on a virtual maze navigation task (VMT) at one moment (exploratory (...) trial + 3 trials) and 24h later (3 trials). There was a significant Moment x Trial x Close-Depend interaction for the outcome time, F (2, 126) = 3.807, p = 0.025, with post-hoc analysis indicating that the High Close-Depend group displayed significant improvements between Trial 1 and Trial 3 in the post-test assessment. Conversely, the Low Close-Depend group displayed significant improvements between Trial 1and Trial 3 but on the pre-test assessment. Furthermore, the Low Close-Depend group presented significant better performance in pre-test Trial 3 in comparison to the High Close-Depend group. Thereby, it seems that low comfort with proximity and trust in others is associated with reduced spatial navigation recall, although spatial learning performance was actually superior in these participants. It is possible that reduced exposure to social interaction and meaning relationship may be reduced in the Low Close-Depend group, leading to modifications in hippocampal function and, ultimately, reduced spatial recall. Conversely, participants with high comfort with proximity and trust in others may not display typical spatial learning in the proposed task as they are more willing to freely explore the presented environment. (shrink)

No presente artigo, interessa-nos apontar algumas possibilidades acerca da presença, no século X, da obra Formula Vitae Honestae, escrita por Martinho de Braga, que viveu na Galiza no século VI, na biblioteca de San Millán de la Cogolla, mosteiro localizado em La Rioja. De acordo com nossas conclusões, ainda parciais, vinculamos tal presença à identificação dos dois momentos históricos, o da Galiza no século VI e por La Rioja no X, marcados pela reorganização eclesiástica e monárquica.

BackgroundTrait anxiety is a pervasive tendency to attend to and experience fears and worries to a disproportionate degree, across various situations. Decreased vulnerability to trait anxiety has been linked to having higher working memory capacity and better emotion regulation; however, the relationship between these factors has not been well-established.ObjectiveThis study sought to determine if participants who undergo emotional working memory training will have significantly lower trait anxiety post-training. The study also sought to determine if emotion regulation mediated the relationship between (...) working memory training and trait anxiety.MethodAn experimental group comprising of 49 participants underwent 20 days of computerized emotional working memory training, which involved viewing a continuous stream of emotionally-charged content on a grid, and then remembering the location and color of items presented on the grid. The control group comprised of 51 participants.ResultsParticipants of the experimental group had significantly lower trait anxiety compared to controls, post-training. Subsequent mediation analysis determined that working memory training capacity gains were significantly related to anxiety reduction as measured by form Y2 of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Emotion regulation, as measured by the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, was found not to mediate between working memory capacity gains and trait anxiety reduction.ConclusionWorking memory capacity gains and reductions in levels of trait anxiety were observed following emotional working memory training. The study may therefore be useful in informing interventions targeted at improving working memory capacity, and reducing levels of trait anxiety. Moreover, it proposes for future research to further look into the mediating role of emotion regulation via the development or utilization of more comprehensive measures of emotion regulation. (shrink)