This study examined individual, task, and environmental constraints that influence the career progression of youth Brazilian elite basketball players and the probability of reaching Novo Basquete Brasil and to determine if the association of the relative age effect is a key factor in the career progression. The sample consisted of 4,692 male players who were registered to participate in at least one U15, U17, or U22 youth Brazilian basketball championship between 2004 and 2018. Athletes who reached a high-performance level were (...) coded like NBB players. The birthdates, height, body mass, playing position, geographic region, club, competition category, and team performance were retrieved from the official data archive of the Brazilian Basketball Confederation and the National Basketball League. The maturity status was estimated using the predicted age at peak height velocity. A binary logistic regression examined the influence of each characteristic on the probability of a youth Brazilian basketball player to reach the NBB. The receiver operating characteristic curves and the associated area under the curve were used to assess the discriminant ability of the model. The taller and younger players not selected early into national teams, without specialization by playing position, who participated in U22 national championship, migrated to the southeast region, and remained in the formation process over time have a greater chance to reach the NBB. The ROC curve demonstrated an AUC of 93%. A combination of individual, task, and environmental characteristics influences the sport career of a young Brazilian basketball player in reaching the NBB. Further, early-maturing athletes have a greater chance to reach higher performances. RAE influences lower-level categories, but not a “NBB player's” career progression. The coaches, stakeholders, and practitioners should perform a holistic evaluation of sport talent in terms of a constraint-based theoretical model with the aim of avoiding bias produced by the maturational status and RAE in the youth Brazilian elite basketball. (shrink)

Soccer players inescapably live under stress during the sportive career, and many real-life aspects of soccer situations operate in the ongoing performance. This study’s main objective was to elaborate the List of Stressors in Professional Indoor and Field Soccer, a self-report instrument designed to measure the impact of 77 soccer situations upon the sport performance. Participants were 138 indoor and field soccer players from the Brazilian Premier League. Each situation was evaluated on a 7-point scale, ranging from the most (...) negative to the most positive. Data were analyzed according to the players’ perception of the items: distress or eustress and its intensity, and after that, situations perceived as plus −1 and +1 were compared by time in which they were experienced and distributed among five categories established by the literature: Expectations about the Performance, Personal Factors, Competition Aspects, Training Demands, and Relationship with Significant People. Narratives of athletes’ experiences were also used to discuss the results. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling using Bi-factorial was employed to assess the factor structure. For the total participants, 49 situations were perceived as distress and 28 as eustress. Using the criteria established a priori, the distribution was among the five categories in the remaining 32 situations. Differences in perception between less and more experienced players were found in 11 situations. The results revealed that Brazilian professional soccer players experience various stressful situations. These events are important representations of environmental demands and could predict the performance as they are perceived as eustress or distress. Some of these stressful situations are inherent in sport and others adjacent to the sports system or environment. Coach pressure to win and conflicts with teammates are examples of stressors in-sport, family problems and disputes with press or fans are examples of stressors external to the team, also called peripheral opponents, and showed the relative social influence of significant others in soccer performance. We can conclude that the knowledge of the direction of a given stress situation has important practical implications in preparing athletes and helping them face the performance stressors that are part of soccer daily life. (shrink)

Emotional intelligence is a psychological skill that aids athletes in the control of emotions and optimization of sports performance. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test in 508 Brazilian youth and adult athletes. Data analysis was conducted through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability and Pearson’s Correlation. EFA revealed the one-factor model with 26 items with the best adjustment. CFA confirmed the one-factor model with 26 items with best greater fit. No (...) evidence of invariance was found, suggesting that the SSEIT must be used with caution when comparing gender and age groups. The external validity was found in the correlation of EI and cognitive anxiety and self-confidence. It is concluded that the Brazilian version of SSEIT for the sports context presented acceptable psychometric properties, however, showed limitations that should be explored in the future. (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study explores the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation of junior middle school students and constructs a chain intermediary model through the intermediary role of psychological resilience and sports learning motivation.MethodsUsing the stratified cluster sampling method, 930 junior middle school students in Anhui Province were measured in group psychology by using the physical exercise rating scale, adolescent psychological resilience scale, physical learning motivation scale and school adaptation scale. The statistical software SPSS 23.0 and process plug-in were (...) used for statistical processing, and the common method deviation test was carried out by Harman single-factor control method. Finally, the bootstrap sampling test method and process plug-in were used to test the significance of intermediary effect.Results The direct prediction effect of physical exercise on school adaptation is remarkable ; psychological resilience and sports learning motivation are the intermediary variables of the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation; psychological resilience and sports learning motivation play a chain mediation role in the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation. The intermediary effect is composed of three indirect effects: physical exercise → psychological resilience → school adaptation, physical exercise → physical learning motivation → school adaptation, physical exercise → psychological resilience → physical learning motivation → school adaptation.ConclusionsPhysical exercise can directly improve the school adaptation of junior middle school students, which can also affect junior middle school students’ school adaptation indirectly through psychological resilience or sports learning motivation, and it can influence school adaptation through the chain mediation of psychological resilience and sports learning motivation. (shrink)

Based on the case of Caster Semenya, I argue in this paper that the practice of Gender Verification Testing (GVT) in professional sports is unethical and pointless. The presumed benefit of GVT—ensuring fair competition for female athletes—is virtually nonexistent compared to its potential harms, in particular the exposure of individual athletes to a largely interphobic public. GVTs constitute a serious incursion on the athlete’s dignity, autonomy, and privacy; an incursion that cannot be justified by the appeal to fairness. My argument (...) will proceed in four steps. In sections 1-5, I provide background information on the definition of intersexuality, the history and methods of Gender Verification Testing, and the performance gap between men and women in professional athletics. In sections 6 and 7, I develop my main argument against GVT. In section 8, I offer a supplementary argument against GVT from the history of “gender engineering” in professional sports in the 1970s and 1980s. In section 9, I briefly consider the suggestion that the presence of intersex athletes in professional sports would force us to abandon gender segregation. (shrink)

Guilt and shame are self-conscious emotions with implications for mental health, social and occupational functioning, and the effectiveness of sports practice. To date, the assessment and role of athlete-specific guilt and shame has been under-researched. Reporting data from 174 junior elite cricketers, the present study utilized exploratory factor analysis in validating the Athletic Perceptions of Performance Scale, assessing three distinct and statistically reliable factors: athletic shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, and no-concern. Conditional process analysis indicated that APPS shame-proneness mediated the relationship between (...) general and athlete-specific distress. While APPS domains of guilt-proneness and no-concern were not significant mediators, they exhibited correlations in the expected direction with indices of psychological distress and well-being. The APPS may assist coaches and support staff identify players who may benefit from targeted interventions to reduce the likelihood of experiencing shame-prone states. (shrink)

There exists a strong need for research in clinical sport psychology which does not merely gather information on prevalence rates for psychological disorders and case studies of affected athletes. Rather, research should also uncover the underlying psychological variables which increase the risk for depression and burnout in elite athletes. Many studies gather general factors (e.g. gender, injury, sport discipline) and stay on a more descriptive level. Both constructs (burnout and depression) are based on a temporal, stress-related process model (...) assuming the development of either syndrome results from unfavorable personal (e.g. dysfunctional attitudes, perfectionism, negative coping strategies) or environmental (e.g. cohesion) factors coexisting with severe stressors (i.e. chronic stress). Integrating this knowledge, we propose a shared model for depression and burnout in athletes: a sport specific diathesis-stress model. The present longitudinal study assesses data throughout one sporting season to analyze predictors for both constructs in junior elite athletes. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses resulted in six predictors for best model fit. The following factors demonstrated a significant impact on predicting (a) burnout or (b) depression scores at the end of the season: dysfunctional attitudes (a and b), coping strategies (a and b), perfectionism (a), recovery (b), stress (a) and the level of depression at onset (b). Variables such as cohesion or attributional style did not significantly predict depression or burnout. The study supports the structure of a process model (diathesis-stress model) for burnout and depression with the assumption of temporal progression. With some vulnerabilities and their temporal, developmental link identified, prevention can become athlete-specific, effective and economical. (shrink)

In sport, perceptual skill training software is intended to assist tactical training in the field. The aim of this field study was to test whether ‘laboratory-based’ pattern recall training would augment tactical skill training performed on the field. Twenty-six soccer players between 14-16 years of age from a single team participated in this study and were divided into three groups. The first received field training on a specific tactical skill plus cognitive training sessions on the pattern recall task. The (...) second performed only the field training while the third group served as a control group and had field training on other topics. The task on the pre-, post- and retention tests was to recall specific soccer patterns displayed on a computer screen. Results showed significant changes between pre- to post-test performance. There was no significant interaction between groups and tests but the effect size was large. From pre- to retention-test, there was a significant difference between tests and an interaction between groups and tests, but no main effect difference between groups. On the basis of significance testing only retention was affected by the additional training, however, descriptive results and effect sizes from pre- to post-test were as expected and suggested there were learning benefits. Together these results indicate that augmented perceptual-cognitive training might be beneficial, but some limitations in our study design (e.g., missing field test, missing placebo group, etc.) need to be improved in future work. (shrink)

With the growing interest in sport-based positive youth development programs across the African continent, there is a need to establish suitable measures to evaluate the success of these programs in fostering PYD. The Life Skills Scale for Sport was recently developed as a sport-specific measure of life skills development. Despite its good psychometric properties among British youth sport participants, cross-cultural evidence indicates differences in the conceptualization of the eight factors measured by the LSSS. To determine the (...) suitability of the LSSS for use in the African youth sport context, this study examined the latent structure and reproducibility of scores produced by the scale in a sample of youth sport participants from Botswana and Ghana. Cross-sectional data from a sample of 495 youth athletes, aged 12–21 years, from junior and senior secondary schools was used in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling were conducted, and conventional fit indices were used to assess model fit. Results on the original LSSS model indicated the need for model re-specification in the current sample. A re-specified LSSS, consisting of the original eight factors, but only 34 of the original 43 items, demonstrated improved fit and adequate internal consistency. Scores derived from the re-specified LSSS proved to be a valid estimate of life skills development in the current sample of youth sport participants. This has important implications for the utility of the LSSS in different cultures. (shrink)

This authoritative biography addresses the life and work of the quantum physicist David Bohm. Although quantum physics is considered the soundest physical theory, its strange and paradoxical features have challenged - and continue to challenge - even the brightest thinkers. David Bohm dedicated his entire life to enhancing our understanding of quantum mysteries, in particular quantum nonlocality. His work took place at the height of the cultural/political upheaval in the 1950's, which led him to become the most notable American scientist (...) to seek exile in the last century. The story of his life is as fascinating as his ideas on the quantum world are appealing. (shrink)

Propõe-se a discussão de alguns aspectos intrínsecos ao processo de produção de farinha modulado por tecnologias de organização social e produtiva, com destaque para os serviços ambientais originados durante essas atividades. Os serviços ambientais são maiores do que os consumidos e atribuem a esses povos um importante papel dentro do processo de sustentabilidade em um ecossistema frágil. Esta pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, e inclui incursões etnográficas feitas pelos pesquisadores. As análises indicam a importância do reconhecimento do Estado através (...) de políticas públicas estruturantes e não de ações de transformação social, que não validam os sistemas de produção tradicional. (shrink)

This article is a report on ongoing field research and the exponential growth of the environment in which sex workers, prostitutes, call girls, and escorts operate. We look at the complexity of the conditions of such work and consider the socio-psychological and media vectors that make up the context from which its actors and stereotypes emerge. With the explosion of websites offering virtual or real sex, there is also a continuation of oppressive and violent male practices in this sector, restricting (...) the freedom of choice for women who work professionally in this field. These practices reproduce the power relations and the exclusion that has always been present in society, and are also now more diffuse as virtual reality has come to play an important role in social practice. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta o método da fenomenologia da natureza de Goethe, seus principais conceitos e procedimentos. Sua fenomenologia é um processo de autoeducação do pesquisador. As percepções são aperfeiçoadas através da observação fenomenológica. As reflexões interagem com o fenômeno na ordenação congruente dos dados observados. O sujeito exercita seu aprendizado no julgamento através do objeto e na versatilidade de suas representações mentais. A evidência do fenômeno pressupõe a execução deste método participativo. A formação [Bildung] do sujeito é um processo permanente (...) de aprimoramento da subjetividade na sua interatividade com os fenômenos da natureza. (shrink)

O artigo aponta que o estudioso das imagens alemão Aby Warburg (1866-1929) pode ter sido vítima de um mal provocado pelo envolvimento com suas coleções de fotos e recortes de jornais e revistas sobre a guerra: algo próximo do que é hoje conhecido como Síndrome de Estresse Pós-Traumático (PTSD, na sigla em inglês). As emoções concentradas em fotografias de cenas de guerra que ele colecionou e manipulou durante toda a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-18), teriam sido um fator importante para a (...) ocorrência de surtos psicóticos que o levaram a uma longa internação. Tal hipótese permitiria explicar o quadro de esgotamento emocional, com aceleração maníaca e exaltação do psiquismo, que acometeu Warburg logo após o final da guerra. Pretendemos, a partir desse exemplo clínico, levantar elementos para compreender o conceito central de seu pensamento sobre a força das imagens, o conceito de “fórmula de emoção” ou “fórmula de pathos”. (shrink)

Busca-se acompanhar o desenvolvimento da teoria evolucionária no pensamento de Habermas, a partir da afirmação colhida no prólogo de Problemas de Legitimação do Capitalismo Tardio, de 1973: "O caráter programático evidencia que uma teoria da evolução social hoje se encontra apenas esboçada, mas que, no entanto, deveria constituir a base da teoria da sociedade". A atenção é direcionada à forma como Habermas reorienta o sentido evolucionário do desdobramento histórico à luz do conceito de mundo da vida, como esfera de realização (...) da ação comunicativa. Objetiva-se investigar como é projetada nesse modelo de ação, por meio da linguagem, a tarefa de produção e reprodução simbólica do consenso normativo entre os participantes do mundo social, ao mesmo tempo em que Habermas sinaliza haver um telos de integração social imanente à própria prática comunicativa. Nesse sentido, procurar-se-á demonstrar que, assim como a pragmática universal serve de base teórica para a análise de processos de distorção da linguagem e de socialização anormais, a teoria da evolução social serve de parâmetro para uma teoria social crítica com intenção emancipatória de avaliar o desdobramento empírico e contingente da dinâmica histórica. We seek to follow the development of evolutionary theory in the thought of Habermas, starting with the statement taken from the Prologue of Legitimation Crisis, 1973: "The programmatic character of Part I of this book makes clear that a theory of social evolution, although it must be the basis of social theory, is today still scarcely at all developed." Attention is directed to how Habermas reorients the evolutionary meaning of historical development in light of the concept of lifeworld as the sphere of the realization of communicative action. We seek to investigate how Habermas' model assigns, by means of language, the task of symbolic production and reproduction of the normative consensus among participants in the social world, while at the same time indicating that there is a telos of social integration immanent in the communicative practice itself. In this sense, we seek to demonstrate that just as universal pragmatics serves as the theoretical basis for the analysis of processes of abnormal socialization and the distortion of language, the theory of social evolution serves as a parameter for a critical social theory with the emancipatory intent of evaluating the empirical and contingent unfolding of historical dynamics. (shrink)

O artigo constitui-se de uma apresentação sucinta dos elementos principais do sistema ético de Max Scheler. Utilizando-se do método fenomenológico, Scheler afirma que a ética deve basear-se na experiência, pois o valor não é algo que se atribui, mas que é experimentado. O fenomenólogo alemão defende que o homem está rodeado por um cosmos de valores que não necessita ser produzido, apenas reconhecido através do perceber sentimental, possibilitando, inclusive, uma organização hierárquica dos valores. No entanto, este perceber se encontra afetado (...) pelo ressentimento, o que implica em uma negação dos valores através da inversão valorativa. (shrink)

ResumoVersa-se sobre o agenciamento de criadores de pensamento realizado por Deleuze como elemento fundamental de sua filosofia. Coloca-se em foco o processo de minoração da tragédia Ricardo III, de Shakespeare, realizado por Bene via a composição de uma nova peça. Intenta-se evidenciar o caminho percorrido por Bene à luz da perspectiva deleuziana. Para tanto, apresenta-se a importância de se agenciar pensamentos entre a filosofia e outras áreas do conhecimento; realiza-se uma breve análise do núcleo dramático da tragédia shakespeariana; e estuda-se (...) o Ricardo III de Bene e o ensaio de Deleuze, Um manifesto de menos. Como resultado, salienta-se que o processo de agenciamento se trata de um potente método de criação de conceitos.Palavras-chave: Impersonagens. Linhas de variação. Devir minoritário. AbstractIt deals with the agency of thought creators carried out by Deleuze as a fundamental element of his philosophy. The process of lessening Shakespeare's tragedy Ricardo III, carried out by Bene through the composition of a new play, is brought into focus. The aim is to highlight the path taken by Bene in the light of the Deleuzian perspective. To this end, the importance of agencing thoughts between philosophy and other fields of knowledge is presented; a brief analysis of the dramatic core of the Shakespearean tragedy is carried out; and we study Ricardo III, by Bene, and the essay by Deleuze, Um manifesto de menos. As a result, it is emphasized that the agency process is a powerful method of creating concepts.Keywords: Impersonagens. Variation lines. Becoming a minority. (shrink)

DIREITO À INFORMAÇÃO NAS RELAÇÕES DE CONSUMO DE PRODUTOS ALIMENTÍCIOS NO ATACADO E NO VAREJO: PARTICULARIDADES SOBRE COMPOSIÇÃO, CARACTERÍSTICAS, PREÇO E QUANTIDADE DO PRODUTO.

Pode a história das instituições de ensino superior nos ajudar a compreender as causas de controvérsias filosóficas e os processos de mudança intelectual pelo qual velhos estilos intelectuais são substituídos por novos? Neste artigo, associo a emergência da filosofia pós-analítica nos Estados Unidos a partir da década de 1970 à reforma e expansão do sistema de ensino superior daquele país na segunda metade do século XX, que afetou a filosofia enquanto disciplina acadêmica e profissão. Tomando como ponto de partida as (...) reflexões de Richard Rorty a respeito do estado da disciplina no início dos anos 1980, mostro como seu diagnóstico de crise disciplinar, elaborado na forma de uma crítica filosófica aos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da filosofia analítica, é resultado de um processo mais longo e amplo de transformação das bases institucionais da vida filosófica profissional nos Estados Unidos. (shrink)

Freud, em 1891, ao estudar a afasia, vai contra a concepção dominante na época, que era anatômica. Mais tarde, em 1893, começa a pensar a histeria como um tipo de afasia. O que mostra a estreita vinculação entre a teoria freudiana sobre o aparelho psíquico e a linguagem entendida como fala.

Luc Brisson e Jean-François Pradeau. Plotin Traités 45-50. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2009, pp. 515.

The Catastrophe of the Ascetic Ideals from an Intercultural Perspective. Science, Asceticism and Nihilism in GM III 27. This article aims to clarify the meaning and strategic position of the parentheses on the development of philosophy in India in GM III 27. Nietzsche’s reference to the philosophical development in India reveals his intercultural considerations and helps clarify the relations between science and ascetic ideal as a moment of the historical-genealogical reconstitution of European nihilism. I argue that honest forms of atheism (...) and science contain the core of the ascetic ideal and that the critique of nihilism is therefore inevitably self-referential. Nietzsche’s intercultural view sheds new light on important current philosophical questions such as the scope of Giorgio Agamben’s homo-sacer-project and on the prospects of non-European philosophical perspectives. (shrink)

The essay intends to present some implications of neoliberal rationality in Brazilian social security, among which the affectation of the bases of support of sociability. For this, a basic and bibliographic research methodology was used. The work begins with a commentary on the crisis situation and the affections it mobilizes, from a spinozistic point of view, to then build agency with neoliberal “fierce individualism”. Once this is done, the core of the essay is reached, when the influence of this individualistic (...) rationality on the 2019 Welfare Reform and the potential it carries to undermine the affections that allow life in society and engagements in collective activities is analyzed. Finally, the possible mobilization strategies were investigated, pointing out that the construction and development of a “global multitude” can be a way out of facing these crises. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o filme Equilibrium de Kurt Wimmer em que a técnica surge como única possibilidade de fundamentação do desenvolvimento da humanidade. No filme os sentimentos são identificados como fonte do sofrimento e das desgraças humanas, sendo então estabelecido que devem ser exterminados com o uso de uma droga. A técnica se apresenta no filme como fim para a história da humanidade, tal qual teme Heidegger. A fim de mostrar as conseqüências ultimas do domínio da técnica (...) sobre o sentir e sobre o próprio ser se discorrerá esse artigo, sempre fazendo uma alusão ao filme Equilibrium. (shrink)

As políticas oficiais de educação tem colocado a temática formação de professores no centro dos debates como condição para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino. Investimentos em programas fomentados pelos órgãos oficiais do Estado evidenciam a preocupação em melhorar o nível de formação docente, que se espera, consequentemente, em desdobramentos positivos para a educação. Mesmo com este avanço, a formação de professores para atuar na Educação de Jovens e Adultos continua ocupando um lugar reservado, secundário no contexto das políticas educacionais. (...) Os sistemas de ensino, apesar de reconhecerem, não priorizam formação específica para os professores que trabalham na EJA, oferecendo apenas cursos aligeirados e na maioria das vezes sem um referencial teórico­metodológico que instrumentalize o professor para atuar com essa demanda de alunos. Este estudo discute e aponta a valorização dos saberes docentes que os professores constroem no cotidiano de sua prática como ponto de partida para pensar a formação dos professores que atuam nessa modalidade de ensino. Assim, consideramos que a valorização dos saberes experienciais e a apropriação deles pelos sistemas oficiais de ensino podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um processo formativo (inicial e continuado) rigoroso, técnico­científico e politicamente planejado, requerendo das instâncias formativas e das instituições empregadoras o investimento necessário para reelaborar as políticas educacionais e, consequentemente, ressignificar as experiências pedagógicas no interior da escola, contribuindo, desse modo, para o processo de profissionalização na EJA. (shrink)

Criamos uma sociedade amparada na ideia de desenvolvimento e dominação da natureza. Vivemos sob as ameaças do poder nuclear, da degradação da biosfera, da extinção de múltiplas formas de vida e, talvez, do próprio planeta. Frente à devastação dos ecossistemas, assistimos nas últimas décadas o desabrochar da consciência ecológica, dos grupos ambientalistas e da economia sustentável; ainda assim ineficazes para lidar com a crise ecológica do presente. Superar a agonia planetária requer da humanidade um pensamento ecologizado. Podemos observar na obra (...) de Michel Serres os argumentos filosóficos adequados à formulação de uma ecopolítica global em contraponto à política de desenvolvimento, mesmo que sustentável. Em diálogo com o pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin, ecologizar implica ultrapassar as limitações redutoras e disjuntoras do paradigma de simplificação que coloniza o pensamento contemporâneo. O pensamento ecologizado se abre para as vias regeneradoras do conhecimento sobre o homem na relação consigo, com a sociedade, com a natureza e o cosmos. (shrink)

Resennha de: SCRUTON, Roger. _A natureza humana_. Tradução de Maria de Fátima Carmo. Revisão Científica de Aires Almeida. Lisboa: Gradiva, 2017.

Neste artigo partimos da hipótese de que a afinidade que atrai evangélicos e conservadorismo está muito mais ligada às condições discursivas que engendram os sujeitos e suas subjetividades, do que as características intrínsecas à teologia cristã ou, especificamente, evangélica pentecostal. Com isso não queremos dizer que conformações teológicas específicas não ensejaram discursos religiosos regressivos, que a maioria de nós classificaria como conservador. Assim, chamamos a atenção, tanto para o caráter relacional, posicional das identidades evangélicas, que engendram o discurso conservador, quanto (...) para a base material deste discurso, ligando, portanto, sujeitos e formas de sujeição e subjetivação. Interessam-nos, as formas políticas em que se precipitarão os antagonismos articulados a partir dos grupos de identidade evangélica, bem como os deslocamentos na base material destes sujeitos, que possibilitam o engendramento de subjetividades atomizadas e refratárias a solidariedades coletivas exógenas a sua comunidade. Defenderemos que, embora evangélicos tenham ganhado relevo no espaço público por pautas reativas à ampliação de direitos de minorias, tais ações não se devem unicamente a aspectos intrínsecos à teologia pentecostal, ou ao seu caráter alienante ou irracional, mas, principalmente a forma como se posicionam no jogo político nacional, ou melhor, como se publicizaram, bem como a forma como o discurso de fundo conservador é acionado como estratégia de sobrevivência nas grandes cidades. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como a teoria da mente estendida, particularmente os argumentos de Andy Clark, pode explicar os processos mentais não como fenômenos restritivos ao cérebro e endossar sua conexão com o corpo e o ambiente. Dessa forma, inicialmente, reconstroem-se as principais perspectivas materialistas que limitaram o self ao crânio; em seguida, aponta-se como o caráter estendido da mente escapa aos seus limites naturais e se mistura “descaradamente” ao mundo. Argumenta-se que artefatos externos desempenham um papel (...) importante na orientação de ações, de modo que mudanças no ambiente podem causar mudanças no comportamento do agente cognitivo, configurando uma dependência constitutiva. Desse modo, a tese da mente estendida desafia tanto o funcionalismo tradicional quanto o externalismo, pois, por um lado, considera os processos cognitivos e os estados mentais como interações relevantes do indivíduo com o ambiente e, por outro, como comportamentos orientados pela intenção. Por meio da integração dos corpos biológicos com artefatos ou ferramentas, sustenta-se uma leitura que dissolve a clássica “lacuna explicativa” das ciências cognitivas. (shrink)

A história da linguagem adquire ao longo do Ensaio sobre a origem das línguas o andamento de uma queda acelerada na corrupção. Há uma língua primitiva que se degenera e se altera: um processo de formação e uma deformação. À medida que Rousseau identifica em suas reflexões – seja na origem seja na estrutura – música e linguagem, a perda de força expressiva que se verifica nas línguas acomete também a música e estas duas corrupções caminham juntas, de modo que (...) ambas se afastam da língua musicada ou da palavra cantada do início. A corrupção da música e das línguas corresponde ao apagamento de sua potência expressiva e refere-se a uma autonomização da harmonia artificial, ao aumento das consoantes, das articulações, da racionalidade, da prática da escrita, bem como ao desenvolvimento histórico, político, econômico e social. Todos estes processos devem ser levados em consideração numa análise sobre as línguas e a linguagem. Todavia, é possível isolar metodologicamente cada um deles. Dito isto, propomos neste artigo investigar o papel da escrita no processo de corrupção e degeneração das línguas. (shrink)