Reseña del libro: Miguel Saralegui, The Politics of Time. Introduction to Carl Schmitt’sPolitical Thought, Cantabria University Press, Santander, 2021, 273 pp.

In the Spanish-Indian controversies, special attention was given to the subject of the education of the Indians, understood in a first approach as the necessary procedure to enable them to overcome their barbarianism, that is, to better adapt themselves to the natural law. This generated a philosophy of education which, in spite of being directly inspired by the circumstances of the Indians, nonetheless had permanent value by virtue of its anthropological soundness and its classical approach. This article deals with the (...) notions of barbarianism, education, natural law, and their interplay in the educational works of Bartolomé de las Casas and José de Acosta. (shrink)

Certain distinctively patristic and medieval features may be traced in Spanish-Renaissance thought, a tradition in which Aristotelianism played an otherwise dominant role. The study of these features may help to better understand the place of Hispanic thought in Renaissance intellectual history. I focus on one such a feature, providentialism, as it can be seen in two representative authors of sixteenth-century Spanish historiography. By discussing their differing providentialist views, and their motives for adopting them in each author’s historical and political circumstances, (...) it is argued that the zeal for justice constitutes a distinctive trait of Spanish-Renaissance thought. (shrink)

Datos completos del libro reseñado:Bartolomé de Medina. El tratado “De dominio” en la Escuela de Salamanca, vol. III: Bartolomé de Medina, De dominio/Sobre el dominio, ed. Augusto Sarmiento, Colección de Pensamiento Medieval y Renacentista n. 173, Pamplona, Eunsa, 2017, 251 pp., ISBN: 9788431331795.

El moro de José Zorrilla se distingue de otros moros de la literatura que podrían considerarse más convencionales. Se ha notado por críticos como Narciso Alonso Cortés que otros autores románticos de la época crearon moros más parecidos a "muñecos," artificiosos. En contraste, el moro de Zorrilla, inspirado por los personajes de Víctor Hugo (Les Orientales), era siempre un hombre de carne y hueso que correspondía a su realidad. Se percibe en los Orientales (1837) del poeta las (...) huellas verdaderas de la España árabe. Por medio de una magia verbal, el poeta había creado su mundo fantástico mientras que dibujara perfectamente unos personajes llenos de color, vida y pasión. Zorrilla era un observador habilísimo y por eso, cuando encontró algo digno de nota, escribió sobre los pueblos, personajes y costumbres de esa España granadina. Sería fácil entender cómo el poeta podía notar aun más detalles que suelen subir a la superficie. Puede notarse en sus Orientales, no sólo lo exótico, sino las características principales de sus primeros moros dibujados tan cuida-dosamente. En mi estudio, examino el desarrollo del moro típico de José Zorrilla en comparación con el de Hugo, comenzando con su primera apariencia en Oriental (de los gomeles). El moro quiere poseer a la cristi¬ana que intenta robar mientras que guarde su orgullo varonil. Este rasgo lo distingue de otro tipo de moro que se considera "esclavo" de la cristiana en Dueña de la negra toca. El papel del moro sigue transformándose en el poema Granada (1852). (shrink)

In recent years, the most widespread doctrine about the conflicts between fundamental (usually constitutional) legal rights could be summarized in the following three main theses: (1) The elements in conflict are legal principles, as opposed to legal rules; (2) Those conflicts are not consequences of the existence of inconsistencies or antinomies between the norms involved, but rather depend on the empirical circumstances of the case. In other words, the norms are logically consistent and the conflicts are not determinable a priori (...) or in abstracto , but only in concreto ; and (3) The classical criteria for solving conflicts between norms, such as lex superior , lex posterior and lex specialis , are not suitable to solve conflicts among fundamental legal rights. Indeed, they require a specific method known as ‘weighing and balancing’. Although all three theses could be (and indeed have been) regarded as problematic, in this paper I address mainly the second one. I try to show that there is room for a tertium genus between antinomies (deontic inconsistencies) and conflicts caused by strict empirical circumstances that I call ‘contextual antinomies’. There are situations in which the norms involved are not inconsistent but the conflict arises for logical reasons. My thesis is that many conflicts between fundamental legal rights fall in this category. I offer, in an appendix, a proposal of formalization of this kind of conflict and the elements involved in it. (shrink)

The present article delves into the extension of Knuth’s fundamental Boolean logic table to accommodate the complexities of indeterminate truth values through the integration of neutrosophic logic (Smarandache & Christianto, 2008). Neutrosophic logic, rooted in Florentin Smarandache’s groundbreaking work on Neutrosophic Logic (cf. Smarandache, 2005, and his other works), introduces an additional truth value, ‘indeterminate,’ enabling a more comprehensive framework to analyze uncertainties inherent in computational systems. By bridging the gap between traditional boolean operations and the indeterminacy present in various (...) real-world scenarios, this extension redefines logic tables, introducing neutrosophic operators that capture nuances beyond the binary realm. Through a thorough exploration of neutrosophic logic's principles and its implications in computational paradigms, this study proposes a novel approach to logic design that accommodates uncertain, imprecise, and incomplete information. This paradigm shift in logic tables not only broadens the spectrum of computing methodologies but also holds promise in fields such as decision-making systems and data analytics. This article amalgamates insights from over twelve key references encompassing seminal works in boolean logic, neutrosophic logic, and their applications in diverse scientific and computational domains, aiming to pave the way for a more robust and adaptable logic framework in computation. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone examinar el posicionamiento de Émilie Du Châtelet (1706-1749) respecto del tema de la defensa de la educación de las mujeres. Nos concentraremos en dos de sus obras: su adaptación al francés de La fábula de las abejas de Bernard Mandeville y su Discurso sobre la felicidad. Estudiaremos cómo Du Châtelet dialoga con distintos referentes de este debate, como François Fénelon, el abad de Saint-Pierre y Anna Maria van Schurman. Nuestro fin es demostrar la radicalidad de la (...) posición de Du Châtelet, en oposición a aquellas interpretaciones que tienden a desacreditar o a subestimar el compromiso de esta pensadora con la causa de la defensa de la educación de las mujeres. (shrink)

The book outlines the contribution of passivity to the constitution of phenomena as diverse as temporal syntheses, perceptual associations, memory fulfillment and cross-cultural communication.

In some small-scale societies, a sexual division of labor is common. For subadult hunter-gatherers, the onset of this division dates to middle childhood and the start of puberty; however, there is apparently no physiological explanation for this timing. The present study uses an experimental approach to evaluate possible energetic differences by sex in gathering-related activities. The energetic cost of gathering-related activities was measured in a sample of 42 subjects of both sexes aged between 8 and 14 years. Body mass and (...) other anthropometric variables were also recorded. Our results show that the energetic differences in the simulated gathering activities depend only on body mass. Both sexes expend a similar amount of energy during locomotion activities related to gathering. Discarding the energetic factor, the sexual division of tasks may be explained as an adaptation to acquire the skills needed to undertake the complex activities required during adulthood as early as possible. Carrying out gathering activities during childhood and adolescence could be favored by the growth and development cycles of Homo sapiens. Moreover, if most of the energetic costs of gathering activities depend on body mass, the delayed growth in humans relative to other primates allows subadults to practice these tasks for longer periods, and to become better at performing them. In fact, this strategy could enable them to acquire adults’ complex skills at a low energetic cost that can be easily subsidized by other members of the group. (shrink)

Excerpt from Les Sceptiques Grecs Enfin le doute lui-meme n'est pas le scepticisme. C'est du doute seulement qu'on pourrait dire qu'il est a peu pres contem porain de la pensee humaine; car, pour un esprit qui reflechit, la decouverte de la premiere erreur suffit a inspirer une certaine defiance de soi; et combien de temps a-t-il fallu a des esprits un peu attentifs pour s'apercevoir qu'ils s'etaient plus d'une fois trompee? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of (...) rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Husserl's two notions of "definiteness" enabled him to clarify the problem of imaginary numbers. The exact meaning of these notions is a topic of much controversy. A "definite" axiom system has been interpreted as a syntactically complete theory, and also as a categorical one. I discuss whether and how far these readings manage to capture Husserl's goal of elucidating the problem of imaginary numbers, raising objections to both positions. Then, I suggest an interpretation of "absolute definiteness" as semantic completeness and (...) argue that this notion does not suffice to explain Husserl's solution to the problem of imaginary numbers. (shrink)

Ce texte a déjà paru dans Telondefondo. Revista de Teoria y Critica Teatral, n° 9, julio, 2009. Nous remercions Claudia Barretta, Leticia Miramontes et Aníbal Zorrilla de nous avoir autorisé à le reproduire sur RHUTHMOS.: When we study the phenomenon of rhythm and the way it appears in the art of dancing, we observe similarities and parallelisms with different artistic disciplines. We find it is possible to establish an ensemble of concepts fitting for rhythm that also applies to - (...) Danse, théâtre et spectacle vivant – GALERIE – Nouvel article. (shrink)

Extractos del libro BARRETTA, C., MIRAMONTES, L., & ZORRILLA, A.. Ritmando Danzas. Buenos Aires : Autores de Argentina. Definiciones del concepto de ritmo : Platón, Benveniste, ritmo fisiológico, otras. “Quid est ergo tempus? Si nemo ex me quærat, scio ; si quærenti explicare uelim, nescio.” San Agustín de Hipona. Cfr. Confesiones. Xl, 14, 17. Un sentimiento - Danse, théâtre et spectacle vivant – GALERIE – Nouvel article.

Parts of the book by BARRETTA, C., MIRAMONTES, L., & ZORRILLA, A.. Ritmando Danzas. Buenos Aires : Autores de Argentina. Translation by Gustavo Long, terminological and stylistic revisión by Mariana Migliore. Definitions of the concept of rhythm. Plato, Benveniste, physiological rhythm, and others. “Quid est ergo tempus? Si nemo ex me quærat, scio ; si quærenti explicare uelim, nescio - Danse, théâtre et spectacle vivant – GALERIE – Nouvel article.

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de delimitar el componente epistemológico en la indagación reflexiva de las teorías procedimentales de la justicia, específicamente, describiendo el modo en el que se exacerban en un modus operandi que se denomina como cartesianismo político, es decir, como la búsqueda cognitiva de ideas claras y distintas que normativizan la administración de la vida; posteriormente, se propondrá, en antagonismo al cartesianismo político, la posibilidad de regular la indagación en torno a los procedimientos para lograr una estructura (...) básica de justicia social a partir del principio de interlocución lógica, como garantía del primer principio de una teoría procedimental de la justicia: la imparcialidad. En esta dirección, se expondrá el carácter cultural y epistémico de la imparcialidad, tratando de relaborar un marco de comprensión que, en vez de prescindir de las mentalidades culturales, las incluya como elemento dinamizador de la interacción en los procedimientos de elección de estructuras básicas de justicia. (shrink)

The motif of literature abandoned by Foucault in the 70s can find new possibilities and resurface transformed from an ethical perspective that continues focusing on the language. Language and subject are not two vertebral topics in Foucault’s reflection, but a single framework in which literature, disappearance of the subject and ethics are linking different paths of the same journey. Western man largely questioned in Foucault’s works appears together with other subjectivities that challenge him and make us think about the limits (...) and possibilities of the subject. In this sense, we propose literature as a practice of subjectivation in which language frees from imposed limits, literature as an ethical practice. (shrink)

Sound is one of the types of waves that can be felt by the sense of hearing (ears). In physics, the definition of sound is something that is produced from objects that vibrate. Objects that produce sound are called sound sources. The sound source that vibrates will vibrate the molecules into the air around it. Sound is mechanical compression or longitudinal waves that propagate through the medium. This medium or intermediate agent can be liquid, solid, gas. So, sound waves can (...) propagate for example in water, coal, or air. Most sounds are a combination of various vibratory signals composed of harmonic waves, but pure sound can theoretically be explained by oscillating vibrational speed or frequency measured in Hertz (Hz) vibration units and amplitude or loudness of sound with measurements in decibels (dB). The effect sounds can have on us humans is simply astounding. While everyday life becomes stressful, overcrowded and increasingly hectic, we seek ways for inner peace and balance. The power of music, felt through overtone-rich sound therapy and sound massage, can be a solution. No matter how much scientific explanation is behind it, healing through music remains fascinating, even magical. This paper introduces a new field called cymatics and sound healing with their plausible impact to spirituality and consciousness research. (shrink)

We articulate a holistic understanding of hope, going beyond the common conceptualization of hope in terms of positive affect and cognition by considering what hope means for the underprivileged. In the recognition that hope is always situated in a particular place, we explore the perspective of the privileged and the underprivileged, clarifying how spatial contexts shape their goals for the future and their agency toward attaining these goals. Where some people experience precarity due to their disability, race, gender, sexuality, and (...) social class, others enjoy enhanced agency due to their privilege. In our analysis, this loss of agency does not mean the underprivileged are hopeless; instead, it suggests that hope can incorporate negative affect and cognition. In our view, a spatial understanding acknowledges the power of hope in discouraging situations, and it points to practical measures through which hope can be cultivated by marginalized communities. (shrink)

Ce texte a déjà paru dans Telondefondo. Revista de Teoria y Critica Teatral, n° 9, julio, 2009. Nous remercions Aníbal Zorrilla de nous avoir autorisé à le reproduire sur RHUTHMOS.: The artistic works that cross different languages present a particular phenomenon because of the folds, ambiguities and juxtapositions they offer. The analysis of their rhythmic aspects and the mechanism used by rhythm to bring meaning in this kind of works, requires a new notional frame ; it is necessary - (...) Danse, théâtre et spectacle vivant – GALERIE – Nouvel article. (shrink)

This paper attempts three things. It invites you to engage critically with me in the adjudication of a particular controversy. It attempts to argue for and exemplify important procedures which distinguish good and bad thinking in a critical mode. And it argues the case for the separate teaching of critical thinking (henceforth CT).

Parsa-Parsi _et al_ systematically discuss and elucidate contentious and non-controversial ethical issues that emerged during the ICoME (International Code of Medical Ethics) revision process and the consensus they achieved. The ethical issues discussed include the physician’s duty to act in the best interests of patients and to ensure they are protected from the unjustifiable risk of harm, respect for patient autonomy and the duties of physicians during emergencies, among others. This paper examines paragraph 26, which requires doctors to provide only (...) medically justified remote treatment, ensure patients offer informed consent and adequately protect their confidentiality. 1 At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries in Europe and America implemented remote-by-default healthcare policies. At that time, the policy aimed to ensure that patients enjoyed continued access to care while protecting healthcare professionals’ health and well-being. After the COVID-19 pandemic, this policy remained in place. Regardless of the nature... (shrink)

Whether it be in universities’ curricula or in traditional accounts of the history of philosophy, early modern women philosophers have frequently been treated as secondary, inconsequential characters. Although many valuable efforts are being made to counter this state of affairs, a generalized tendency to focus on well-known male philosophers and to establish them as representative figures of the early modern period still seems to exist. But does this strategy produce an accurate historical account of early modern philosophy? This essay explores (...) diverse causes of the exclusion of early modern women philosophers from the canon, reflecting on the historical and political aspects of this phenomenon. This piece also intends to highlight the importance of the innovative projects that have been recently created in the field of the digital humanities, which aim to mitigate and to counter said exclusion. (shrink)

This article explores the possibility of a notion of left-wing populism that is conceptually opposed to the identitarian logic of embodiment that characterises right-populist interpellations of ‘th...

Este artículo se propone examinar la caracterización ficcional de la mujer filósofa durante el siglo XVIII, concentrándose en la novela Histoire de Juliette, ou les prospérités du vice de Donatien Alphonse François de Sade. Sostendremos como hipótesis que las heroínas filósofas de Histoire de Juliette se habrían construido a base de la exaltación de la figura de la hetaira de la Grecia Clásica. Analizaremos dos referencias a las hetairai que aparecen en la obra: la caracterización de Clairwil, una de las (...) tutoras libertinas de Juliette, y la participación de Aspasia, Phryné y Lais como parte del séquito de libertinas de la protagonista de la novela. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo se propone examinar la caracterización ficcional de la mujer filósofa durante el siglo XVIII, concentrándose en la novela Histoire de Juliette, ou les prospérités du vice de Donatien Alphonse François de Sade. Sostendremos como hipótesis que las heroínas filósofas de Histoire de Juliette se habrían construido a base de la exaltación de la figura de la hetaira de la Grecia Clásica. Analizaremos dos referencias a las hetairai que aparecen en la obra: la caracterización de Clairwil, una de (...) las tutoras libertinas de Juliette, y la participación de Aspasia, Phryné y Lais como parte del séquito de libertinas de la protagonista de la novela.: This article aims at examining the fictional characterization of women philosophers during the eighteenth century, focusing on Donatien Alphonse François de Sade’s novel, Histoire de Juliette, ou les prospérités du vice. We seek to show that the marquis’s heroines philosophers in Histoire de Juliette are modeled after the figure of the hetaira in Classical Greece. We analyze two sets of references to the hetairai that appear in the aforementioned novel: the description of Clairwil, one of Juliette’s libertine tutors and partners, and the participation of Aspasie, Phryné and Lais in Juliette’s libertine entourage. (shrink)

Fichte once described the first principle of his philosophical system as a globe or attractor point which rests on nothing else but its own power, and which – as by the inception of a gravitational field – thereby simultaneously sets the conditions for the groundedness of all the components of the edifice of knowledge which follow. This description suggests his philosophical enterprise is articulated in accordance to the linear structure of foundationalism. At the same time, however, Fichte’s enterprise is unequivocally (...) transparent regarding its many circularities, the most interesting of which is described by the relation between the I under philosophical observation and the I of the transcendental philosopher who undertakes the observation. Indeed, such a relation – which Fichte called not only a circle but a circuit – is what explains his assertion that the task of the transcendental philosopher is to be a pragmatic historiographer rather than a legislator of the mind. The philosopher’s task is historical insofar as the I who undertakes the examination is at every move trying to repeat its genesis in a conscious manner. It is circular, in turn, insofar as the activity of the examined I is supposed to culminate in precisely the point where the examining I stands, but not forgetting that it has to account for the possibility of the latter’s very examination. To map the horizon and grounding capacity of such circumvolutions of the mind is what this paper aims to do. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar el proceso de articulación del “estratonismo”, constructo histórico-filosófico creado en torno a la figura de Estratón de Lámpsaco, en la Ilustración francesa. Argumentaremos que el materialismo ateo ilustrado incorpora elementos estratonistas, centralmente la idea de la naturaleza como potencia productiva ciega. Nos abocaremos a reconstruir tal proceso de articulación, concentrándonos en la obra de autores de posiciones diversas como Cudworth, Bayle y d’Holbach. Examinaremos a continuación la reapropiación crítica del estratonismo que realiza Braschi, uno (...) de los personajes filósofos de la obra Histoire de Juliette de Sade, en su metafísica materialista atea. (shrink)

Resumen: La concepción dominante en ámbitos artísticos y académicos del ritmo está atravesada por una definición que prioriza aspectos numéricos como la repetición, la duración y la división proporcional del tiempo y los acontecimientos, la sobrevaloración de los aspectos métricos en relación a otros componentes del fenómeno rítmico, además de una obsoleta teorización mono-disciplinar por la cual se lo piensa como si fuera un fenómeno cuyas características no son comparables en sus manifestaciones en - Danse, théâtre et spectacle vivant – (...) GALERIE – Nouvel article. (shrink)

Ponencia inédita presentada en el II Congreso Internacional de Teatro, Buenos Aires 12 al 15 de octubre 2011. Instituto de Investigación en Teatro Departamento de Artes Dramáticas, Universidad Nacional de las Artes. Ritmo y lenguaje Muchos autores estudian el ritmo en el lenguaje en general, y especialmente en textos literarios. La mayor parte de ellos, especialmente quienes tratan sobre la poesía, discrimina particularmente el aspecto métrico por un lado, en el cual el número de sílabas y la - Poétique et (...) Études littéraires – GALERIE – Nouvel article. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la articulación del fatalisme del Barónd’Holbach en su Système de la nature. D’Holbach parece inscribirse en latradición del atomismo epicúreo, afirmando que nada existe por fuera dela Naturaleza. Sin embargo, nos proponemos mostrar que el Barón buscadiferenciarse de Epicuro y Lucrecio, exponiendo cómo la noción de hasard,criticada y rechazada por d’Holbach, se vincula al concepto de parénklisiso clinamen epicúreo-lucreciano. Así, se ofrece además una elucidación dela utilidad y el alcance de dicho concepto, el (...) cual adquiere relevancia nosólo en cuestiones físicas o cosmológicas sino principalmente en asuntosético-morales. Finalmente, procuramos examinar cómo d’Holbach respondea las inquietudes morales que no les permitirían a Epicuro y a Lucreciopronunciarse a favor de una filosofía de la necesidad. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda el concepto de «isolisme» en dos obras de Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, La nouvelle Justine y L’Histoire de Juliette, estudiando los distintos sentidos que este término adopta y las argumentaciones que los distintos personajes filósofos y filósofas despliegan a propósito de él, favorable o críticamente. Nuestra propuesta consiste en realizar este análisis reparando en el insoslayable diálogo que plantea Sade con la tradición de pensamiento contractualista, mostrando cómo se interpretan, se discuten y se representan conceptual y (...) literariamente nociones claves de esta tradición en los dos textos elegidos. (shrink)