The "father of Russian Marxism", George Plekhanov directed most of his writings against the Russian "populist" movement to which he once belonged. He insisted that although, in principle, in semi-feudal societies such as the Russian, the first revolution would of necessity have to be a "capitalist" one. However, he noted that bourgeoisie was too weak to bring it about and thus it fell upon the proletariat to conduct "both" revolutions. However, he condemned the methods of Lenin and the Bolsheviks (...) soon after 1917. In books such as Socialism and the Political Struggle, Our Differences and On the Development of the Monist View of History, Plekhanov argued that a successful Marxist revolution could only take place after the development of capitalism. According to Plekhanov, it was the industrial proletariat who would bring about a socialist revolution. Plekhanov was strongly opposed to the political views of people who argued that it would be possible for a small group of dedicated revolutionaries to seize power from the Tsar. Plekhanov warned that if this happened, you would replace one authoritarian regime with another and that a "socialist caste" would take control who would impose a system of "patriarchal authoritarian communism. (shrink)

GV PLEKHANOV THE MATERIALIST CONCEPTION OF HISTORY Translated by A. ...

Frant︠s︡uzskiĭ materializm XVIII veka -- Frant︠s︡uzskie istoriki vremen Restavrat︠s︡ii -- Sot︠s︡ialisty-utopisty -- Idealisticheskai︠a︡ nemet︠s︡kai︠a︡ filosofii︠a︡ -- Sovremennyĭ materializm.

An important place in the creative work of thinkers of the Orthodox tradition in the broad occupied the philosophical understanding of religion. However, the national religious and philosophical heritage of Orthodoxy of the past is mainly studied in the history of philosophy, but not in religious studies. Therefore, according to the author, for modern academic religious studies one of the urgent tasks is to study the philosophy of religion in its theological paradigm, which is expressed in its various confessional variants. (...) While there are still no fundamental works in this field, but to create them it is necessary to take into account the experience of theological-philosophical thought and to critically revise it. (shrink)

"The vigilant worm" about G.S. A frying pan, having deeply become entrenched in human nature, having come to an understanding of the anthropological crisis, as a result of surviving, is now very technogenic in civilization. For the vigilance of the “vigilant worm”, the culturologist beat the humanistic instrument with the visionary philosophies, religion, morality, mystery, art, praise to the faithful, holy, kind, good-natured. For the sake of meticulous law є zernennya of today’s suspension thoughts to the historical access to their (...) predecessors, who should take revenge on their spacious human potential potential. Yogi osmislennya zalysha naysuttvіshe zavdannya, scho stand in front of the philosophical attainment. At this zv'yazku vivchennya creative creativity Spadshchiny G.S. The frying pans look like they are more relevant than those of the philosopher, but they are also wider - the most humanistic. (shrink)

This article was intended for Evraziiskii vremennik, 1923, no. 3. But because of the disagreeable personal relations between Florovskii and [P.P.] Suvchinskii, the article was not published in the collection, which sorely offended the thinker. From that point on on he ceased publishing in Eurasian publications. In a letter to N.S. Trubetskoi, dated late in 1923, Florovskii writes: "My evolution has its own organic course. You are not right in saying that I do not want to reach an agreement with (...) the Eurasians. No, I want to very much but I am afraid to ask for trouble. Hence I will withdraw to the sidelines for a time, I will break all business arrangements, and I will leave the publishers and withdraw from the American book so as not to waste time in premature disputes and arguments, which for the present will bring no agreement. For behind the whole business stands an objective divergence". (shrink)

. The article is based on the analysis of the works of the famous Ukrainian thinker from Canada, Yuriy Mulyk-Lutsyk, who in the mid-twentieth century. deeply considered the state of the Ukrainian diaspora, its search for a strategy of its development abroad within the limits of ethnic particularism and international universalism. His thoughts have not lost their relevance today, as new waves of migration pose the same questions to Ukrainians: whether to remain or dissolve as a national community among a (...) multiethnic and multicultural world. The migrants, diasporans, whose grandchildren have lost their connection with their historical homeland and are part of other multinational states, are particularly disturbed by those outside Ukraine. The main problem of the migrants and diasporas of that time, according to Mulyk-Lutsyk, was that they did not distinguish between ethnic particularism and interethnic universalism, identifying or substituting one another. This led to radical one-sidedness: the Ukrainians cared for one or the other in themselves. The main reason for this imbalance according to the thinker was that Ukrainians intellectually were not ready to migrate. They did not have time to realize their ethnic identity, their uniqueness, as they got into millstone universalism, which led them to "spiritual turmoil, gypsyism". Instead of meeting with other worlds, Ukrainians experienced a cultural trauma. It is possible to overcome the latter by realizing the equality of the universal and the specific, the universal and the ethnic, which are two "natural signs of one and the same". The Ukrainians should understand that they/he are/is human, because he has such physical and spiritual attributes that are common to all people; at the same time he is a member of this ethnic community because it contains such features that are not present and cannot be found in other ethnic communities. Although universal and specific are opposite to one another, however, in the person they exist in combination both as a physical indivisible unity and as a spiritual one. Yu.Mulyk-Lutsyk realized that integration into a multidimensional space, sometimes so alien, but to be friendly for himself, is very difficult. He insisted on fostering within himself both national and universal, where the particular was affirmed through the universal and the universal manifested in the particular. Eventually the thinker urged: if the ethnic community understands what the essence of its ethnicism is, that is, it realizes the secret connection between ethnic content and ethnic form and learns the absolute, natural boundaries of ethnicism, which are not free to artificially, illegally, unnaturally, contraband; and if the ethnic community at the same time understands the essence of its universalism, that is, it realizes the secret connection between human content and human form, and learns the absolute, natural limits of humanity, in which it is not free to artificially, illegally, unnaturally, contraband if and only then the ethnic community in general and each of its constituent units in particular will form a unity on a natural basis - national unity. Knowledge of the experience gained by the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada may be of use to those who wish to migrate to other countries and other cultural worlds. (shrink)

Georgiy Fylypovych. Church in Diaspora as a factor in the preservation of historical memory of Ukrainians. The article analyzes the role of the Church in the formation and preservation of historical memory in the Ukrainian Diaspora. It turns out the influence of churches on national identity through the creation of autonomous image of Ukraine and Ukrainians, positive stereotypes and myths, scientific concepts and popular brands.

The article deals with the activities of the UGCC in the field of preservation of Ukrainian identity of a new wave of migration. Using traditional strategy, the church is looking for new approaches to migrants, based on old and seeking new cultural codes which are understandable for present-day Ukrainian in his incultural intentions in abroad.

Article by G. Fylypovych "Ukrainian Protestant Diaspora in Search of Its Identity" is devoted to the consideration of identification processes among Ukrainian Protestants in the diaspora. It is proved that this self-determination is controversial and non-linear and is primarily due to complex socio-political changes in the world, in particular in Ukraine. The diaspora's protestants, like in Ukraine, face new challenges to the global dimension to which they are not always ready.