H. et M. van Effenterre présentent un décret inédit des environs de 500 av. J.-C. interdisant l'accueil des étrangers dans la cité de Lyttos qui avait été découvert par N. Platon. Ils en étudient l'alphabet, le dialecte et la syntaxe, et le rapport avec la xénèlasia et la dikè exoulès. Ils y reconnaîtraient la méfiance de la cité contre des rapatriés parmi lesquels l'aristocratie des cosmes chercherait une clientèle, en particulier une main-d'œuvre nécessaire au développement de l'élevage. En effet, (...) un second décret, au verso du document, définit le lieu de rassemblement fixé pour les troupeaux communautaires. Mention est faite des Itaniens et du lieu-dit Dèt(alla) où l'on devrait peut-être retrouver le plateau du Lassithi. Nombreux hapax. (shrink)

H. van Effenterre apporte un témoignage oculaire sur l'état de la fouille de 1936 au Palais de Mallia, aussitôt après l'enlèvement des épées d'apparat par Chapouthier. Ce témoignage relativise les conclusions chronologiques effectuées aux environs quarante-cinq ans plus tard.

Réponse aux suggestions de P. Warren sur de possibles « bétyles » à Chryssolakkos et dans la « cour centrale » du Palais en fournissant toutes les observations disponibles. On montre par ailleurs que la cruche du « dépôt de fondation » trouvé par O. Pelon sous la « Résidence » du Palais n'est pas une nouveauté à Mallia : une découverte quasi-identique auprès de la Crypte Hypostyle ôte tout caractère d'indice spécifiquement « palatial » à l'objet.

Publication d'une base de statue animalière du IVe siècle portant une dédicace métrique à la triade apollinienne par un Kydoniate qui fut prêtre des Theoi Pantes. Caractère remarquable de la gravure stoichèdon. Identification de l'école de sculpture attique (Crésilas de Kydonia) à laquelle était dû le bronze disparu. Essai de restitution. Étude d'un second texte — inscription honorifique pour un noble kydoniate — gravé à la fin du Ier siècle avant J.-C. sous la base qui fut remployée dans un monument (...) romain inconnu. (shrink)

Dans la loi constitutionnelle de Dréros, le mot θιοσολοιον ne constitue pas le début du texte, mais, comme il avait été affirmé dans la lre publication, un rajout inséré plus tard. Dans une autre inscription de Dréros, le mot τυπρμηριηια n'est pas de l'étéocrétois, mais doit se lire τ ύπ ρμηρίδια et désigne la partie de la victime qui se trouve «au-dessus de la cuisse», c'est-à-dire la «selle d'agneau».

Objectives: To investigate why physicians label end-of-life acts as either ‘euthanasia/ending of life’ or ‘alleviation of symptoms/palliative or terminal sedation’, and to study the association of such labelling with intended reporting of these acts. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to a random, stratified sample of 2100 Dutch physicians. They were asked to label six hypothetical end-of-life cases: three ‘standard’ cases and three cases randomly selected, that varied according to type of medication, physician’s intention, type of patient request, patient’s life expectancy and (...) time until death. We identified the extent to which characteristics of cases are associated with physician’s labelling, with multilevel multivariable logistic regression. Results: The characteristics that contributed most to labelling cases as ‘euthanasia/ending of life’ were the administration of muscle relaxants or disproportional morphine. Other important factors were an intention to hasten death and a life expectancy of several months. Physicians were much more willing to report cases labelled as ‘euthanasia’ or ‘ending of life’ than other cases. Conclusions: Similar cases are not uniformly labelled. However, a physicians’ label is strongly associated with their willingness to report their acts. Differences in how physicians label similar acts impede complete societal control. Further education and debate could enhance the level of agreement about what is physician-assisted dying, and thus should be reported, and what not. (shrink)

In this book two of the leading figures in argumentation theory present a view of argumentation as a means of resolving differences of opinion by testing the acceptability of the disputed positions. Their model of a 'critical discussion' serves as a theoretical tool for analysing, evaluating and producing argumentative discourse. They develop a method for the reconstruction of argumentative discourse that takes into account all aspects that are relevant to a critical assessment. They also propose a practical code of behaviour (...) for discussants who want to resolve their differences in a reasonable way. This is a major contribution to the study of argumentation and will be of particular value to professionals and graduate students in speech communication, informal logic, rhetoric, critical thinking, linguistics, and philosophy. (shrink)

Despite the proliferation of research on ethical leadership, there remains a limited understanding of how specifically the assumingly moral component of this leadership style affects employee behavior. Taking an identity perspective, we integrate the ethical leadership literature with research on the dynamics of the moral self-concept to posit that ethical leadership will foster a sense of moral identity among employees, which then inspires followers to adopt more ethical actions, such as increased organization citizenship behavior. We further argue that these identity (...) effects should be more pronounced when leaders are perceived to be group prototypical, as their actions then speak louder to followers’ sense of identity. Two studies—a scenario experiment with 138 participants and a field study with 225 employees—provided support for our hypothesized moderated mediation model. Perceived ethical leadership positively affected OCB via followers’ moral identity but only under conditions of high perceived leader group prototypicality. We discuss how the identity pathway of ethical leadership can facilitate novel theorizing about moral transference. Our findings also suggest that, when hiring external ethical leaders or training internal managers, practitioners are well advised to consider that these individuals may only be effective in morally transforming followers when they are perceived as prototypical for the group. (shrink)

Pragmatics and dialectics are two disciplines which have been amongst the first and most important partners for argument studies in the exploration of the complex realm of communication. Treating argumentation as a construct consisting of premises and conclusion allows for investigating some interesting properties of the phenomenon of reasoning, but does not capture a variety of aspects related to the usage of natural language and dialogical context in which real-life argumentation is typically embedded. This special issue explores some of the (...) fascinating research questions which emerge when we move beyond logic into the territory of the pragmatics and dialectics of argument. (shrink)

We explore why people feel the socially improper emotions of schadenfreude and gluckschmerz. One explanation follows from sentiment relations. Prior dislike leads to both schadenfreude and gluckschmerz. A second explanation relates to concerns over justice. Deserved misfortune is pleasing and undeserved good fortune is displeasing. A third explanation concerns appraisal of the good or bad fortunes of others as creating either benefit or harm for the self or in-group. Especially in competitive situations and when envy is present, gain is pleasing (...) and loss is displeasing. Both emotions have important implications for understanding human relations at the individual and group levels. (shrink)