Resumo: Após o reinado do Imperador Jiajing, da Dinastia Ming, à medida que o problema dos piratas japoneses se tornava cada vez mais grave, começaram a ser publicados livros dedicados ao estudo do Japão. Entre eles, os mais importantes são Uma Breve Pesquisa do Japão (Ri Ben Kao Lue), Uma Compilação de Mapas Japoneses (Ri Ben Tu Zuan), O Espelho do Japão (Ri Ben Yi Jian), Uma pesquisa do Japão (Ri Ben Kao), Um registro de Costumes Japoneses (Ri Ben Fen (...) Tu) Ji) e A Biografia de Piratas Japoneses em Qiantai (Qian Tai Wo Zhuan). Entre eles, O Espelho do Japão é um especial. Além disso, há também livros especiais para apresentar a situação geral do Japão, como A Coleção de Mapas Militares Costeiros (Chou Hai Tu Bian), Resistência aos Piratas Japoneses na Dinastia Ming (Huang Ming Yu Wo Lu), a Compilação de Defesa Costeira (Hai Fang Zuan Yao) e a Continuação da Categoria de Defesa Costeira nas Regiões Zhedong e Zhexi ( Liang Zhe Hai Fang Lei Kao Xu Bian). Como Zheng Shungong, autor do livro O Espelho do Japão, visitou o Japão duas vezes, muitos conteúdos do livro são baseados em sua própria experiência e conhecimento. Portanto, sua pesquisa sobre o Japão foi além da literatura semelhante da Dinastia Ming, em amplitude, profundidade e precisão. Além disso, o registro e as análises dos piratas japoneses no livro são de grande valor de pesquisa. Antes da publicação dos Anais do Japão (Ri Ben Tu Zhi), de Huang Zunxian, O Espelho do Japão era uma das monografias de mais alto nível sobre o Japão, na China antiga. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group art therapy using traditional Chinese materials on improving the self-efficacy and social function of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. In China, little research has been conducted on patients to measure the effectiveness of group art therapy, especially using traditional Chinese materials. To address this research gap, 104 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were tested in a group art therapy program that included 30 treatment sessions and used a wide variety of (...) materials, including traditional Chinese materials, such as Chinese calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting, Chinese embroidery, and Chinese beads. The effect of art therapy was analyzed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Scale of Social Skills for Psychiatric Inpatients. This study demonstrates that group art therapy using traditional Chinese materials can improve self-efficacy and social function, reducing social and life function problems, and promote the recovery of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. (shrink)

Resumo: Não apenas as famílias aristocráticas indígenas, mas também as famílias de imigrantes do norte que viviam no Leste de Zhejiang, estavam envolvidas nos debates sobre teoria monetária e pensamento político, na Dinastia Jin Oriental e Dinastias do Sul. Os debates geralmente se concentravam nos preços das commodities e no trabalho forçado no Leste de Zhejiang. Esse fenômeno histórico especial reflete duas questões. Por um lado, o caos causado pela guerra no Norte e as famílias de estudiosos, migrando para o (...) Sul, promoveram muito o desenvolvimento do Sul da China, o que tornou os cinco condados do leste de Zhejiang as áreas mais importantes e ativas da economia. Por outro lado, reflete as mudanças de relacionamento entre imigrantes e nobres indígenas. Ou seja, as famílias aristocráticas indígenas e as famílias imigrantes do Norte cooperaram na economia para aumentar a prosperidade e o desenvolvimento do Leste de Zhejiang. Mais tarde, com o surgimento de “povo comum (寒人)”, o status econômico dos estudiosos foi cada vez mais impactado, o que resultou em ansiedade e consciência de crise dos nobres. (shrink)

For CVaR portfolio nonsmooth optimization problem, we propose an infeasible incremental bundle method on the basis of the improvement function and the main idea of incremental method for solving convex finite min-max problems. The presented algorithm only employs the information of the objective function and one component function of constraint functions to form the approximate model for improvement function. By introducing the aggregate technique, we keep the information of previous iterate points that may be deleted from bundle to overcome the (...) difficulty of numerical computation and storage. Our algorithm does not enforce the feasibility of iterate points and the monotonicity of objective function, and the global convergence of the algorithm is established under mild conditions. Compared with the available results, our method loosens the requirements of computing the whole constraint function, which makes the algorithm easier to implement. (shrink)

Ben shu fen shang xia liang ge bu fen,Shang bian shi zhu zi yu lei wen xian yan jiu,Xia bian shi zhu zi yu lei ci hui yan jiu.Quan shu yi gong fen wei 9 zhang.Di yi zhang xu lun,Shou xian jie shao le zhu xi yu zhu zi yu lei,Qi ci jin xing le xue shu hui gu,Zong jie le jin 20 nian lai(jie zhi 2009 nian)Guo nei wai zhu zi yu lei yan jiu de sheng kuang he qu (...) de de zhu yao cheng jiu,Zui hou ti chu ben shu de yan jiu fang fa he yi yi.Di er zhang yan jiu tong xing ben zhu zi yu lei ji cheng shu zhi qian de ji ge zhong yao ban ben.Di san zhang wei zhong hua ben zhu zi yu lei yu song ke ben hui an xian sheng zhu wen gong yu lu de yi wen bi jiao.Di si zhang wei zhong hua ben zhu zi yu lei yu chao xian gu xie ben zhu zi yu lei yi wen bi jiao.Di wu zhang yan jiu zhu zi yu lei de wen xian xue jia zhi.Di liu zhang he di qi zhang ji zhong yan jiu zhu zi yu lei de fu yin ci.Di ba zhang tao lun zhu zi yu lei zhong de duo yin jie ci yu.Di jiu zhang zong jie chan shu zhu zi yu lei de yu ti te zheng,Yu yan te dian he yan jiu jia zhi. (shrink)

“五四”以来，文化激进主义的盛行，使中国思想传统经历了巨大的冲击，中国文化遭遇到前所未有的困境。无庸置疑，“五四”以来的文化批判运动，在促进2O世纪中国走向现代化的伟大工程中发挥了巨大作用。但另一方面 也应看到，主导20世纪中国思想运动的文化激进主义，在推进了革命、变革的同时，也在相当程度上参与制造了现代中国文化的困境，从而使得对这一思潮的反省，成为中华民族面临经济腾飞和文化复兴的重大课题，成为世纪 之交知识分子的当务之急。 本书不仅在宏观上对中国近代思想作了回顾与前瞻，并对“五四时代”和“五四”以来的文化激进主义与文化保守主义进行了详细的分析，特别着重于在文化观上深入检讨文化激进主义的遗产，力图在学理的层面揭示文化激进主 义的偏失。另一方面，以传统与现代、价值理性与工具理性的辩证联结为核心，致力于回应韦伯理论，阐述儒家思想在现代中国社会和现代中国现代化过程中的价值、作用、定位及儒家思想在东亚地区文化乃至世界文化中的意义 和可能的贡献。.

孟學與荀學作為兩種儒家心理的原型，而儒學又作為中國思想場域的大傳統，是以可說思想史脈絡中的孟荀論辯與交鋒，即為建構中國思想場域中人格特質的關鍵來源。亦即思想史上尊孟抑荀的現象，事實上便是孟學意識型態所 形塑之性善心理結構對於性惡陰影的潛抑現象。那是在孟學「四端」理論下所形塑儒家存有具有一不可見卻如四體般存在的「良知器官」之集體驅力。亦即在中國思想場域中的存有只能是「道德人」，而不存在西方基督宗教場域 中「生物人」脈絡下的自我認同與表述。而這樣的孟學心理結構已然成為具有集體性的無意識，驅動著存有的思維與行動，是以產生性善的權威、成聖的焦慮、他律的創傷與政治的昇華等現象。本書將通過孟荀而思，藉由荀學視 域涉入孟學意識型態形塑下之儒家心理結構，去反思、批判與重建存有的心理結構，進而作為思索當代華人乃至東亞儒學場域之人格特質的來源與基礎。.

本書對先秦諸子學術做了一結構性研究，為有興趣深入了解中國傳統學術和社會的讀者提供了一個整體性的圖景和學習的直觀捷徑。先秦諸子學術主要內容，道，德，仁，義，禮，刑，兵，外德（得）諸範疇，與西方不同學術之 間互相否定不同，其主要關係是相互聯繫與支持。先秦諸子的學術，是一有機整體，此整體使中國人在漫長歷史中，能夠處理各種社會問題，因應社會的變遷變亂而有所發展，更為此後兩千年的學術發展提供了線索。 本書對《莊子．逍遙遊》中「小大之辯」提出了新解，指出墨子是道家與兵家法家聯繫的關鍵，從而第一次將先秦百家真正聯繫起來成為一個系統。並將以上範疇合為一圖，以展示出其間的相互關係，討論了它們與社會（人道） 的盈虛消長的關係，並涉及現代環境下，傳統學術之用。.

在連續不斷、無區隔、無裂隙的世界觀中，天地與我並生，萬物與我為一。 周文化的主流，講求階級身分之責任義務、嚴守人我是非之限界秩序。 非主流的莊子卻說，窮盡智識分辨事物其實不智，只是勞神而無功。 如果能夠拋開成心和偏好，立於無彼無此的道之樞紐上看待萬事萬物， 世上的一切就都有了道理，都有了自身之常、自身之用，這就是通達。 楊照讀莊子， 引入傳統中國哲學裡被忽視的邏輯分析， 將前人難以理解的細密哲思一一梳理清晰， 為我們展示出莊子開闊混同的精神世界。 拋開冷硬的課文題解，穿過層層的過度解讀， 楊照經典講堂以最貼近歷史真實的讀法， 帶你一次讀懂兩千年前的漢語經典！ 最平易的語言、最扎實的分析 打破時空限制，直接從原典文句汲取千年智慧 提供最立即的知識趣味 楊照全程領讀、解讀，漢語經典完全解碼 台灣新品種文庫版，隨身伴讀.

◎孔子為何周遊列國？因為沒有一個國君想用儒家治國，他只好到處教書遊說。 ◎秦國用法家統一天下，漢高祖劉邦用道家蓄積國力，直到漢武帝登基，儒家才被注意。 ◎儒學為何從沒人理，轉眼變治國工具？這得從董仲舒的「解釋」說起。 ◎儒學就像作業系統，幾千年來更新過四次版本，孔子的儒學不等於現在的儒學。 作者馬大勇，清華大學、上海交通大學國學特聘教授。 曾被推舉為最受歡迎的中文教授。 在本書中，他將儒家文明分為五個時期： 孔子奠基期、孟子成熟期、兩漢經學期、宋代理學期和明代心學期。 解析儒家思維是如何像電腦作業系統一樣，歷經四次的版本更新， 從原本的中庸之道、民為貴、君為輕的民主思想， 一步步變成君權神授，天人感應， 成為各朝代帝王穩固皇權的最佳推手。 就此儒學變成帝王學，開啟了千年以來人民為皇權奴隸的中央集權體制。 ◎孔子的儒學，是教你如何當君子 《論語》中，仁字出現了104次，禮字出現74次， 孔子的重要理念「中庸之道」，更成為宋元以後科舉考試的必讀書。 這個具有人道主義的思維，為何不被當時的統治者如春秋諸侯或秦國採納？ 因為亂世中，做君子的好處太少，當小人能得到的利益比較多。 ◎孟子是民主思想的啟蒙者，但被後代皇帝刪掉了 孟子思想的最大亮點就是「民為貴，社稷次之，君為輕」， 這套民主思維後來為何會消失？ 因為明太祖朱元璋看到「君為輕」三個字，就把《孟子》一書狠狠摔地上， 刪節版《孟子》就此誕生，往後一百年，學生學到的孔孟儒學知識都是不完整的。 ◎因為董仲舒的「特殊解釋」，從此百家遭罷黜，皇帝獨尊儒術 秦國用法家思想滅六國一統天下，漢高祖劉邦用道家治國，修生養息， 兩大皇權都對儒家思維沒興趣，直到漢武帝劉徹時期， 董仲舒為了拍皇帝馬屁，重新解釋，儒術從此轉化帝王術。 他口中的儒教，跟孔孟闡述的儒學，哪裡不一樣？差在造神。 ◎宋元明清重新詮釋儒學，想當官者必讀四書 宋、元之後，孔子的《中庸》又重新被提起， 因為它教你用大學之道維持國家秩序。 儒學家朱熹更讓《四書集注》成為為官者的必讀聖書。 至於為什麼是宋朝與明朝，跳過了大唐盛世？ 因為東漢黨錮之禍殺害許多知識分子，儒家文化走向低谷； 南北朝興盛佛教；至於唐朝則儒、釋、道並重。 直到韓愈寫的《原道》為儒家文明打下基礎，在宋代發揚光大。 打天下靠武力，龍椅要坐穩就靠統治， 儒家思想如何經過五階段改造，從民主思維變中央集權， 而且延續千年「至今」不墜。 本書特色 儒學為何從沒人理，轉眼變治國工具？這得從董仲舒的「解釋」說起。 孔子的儒學，如何經過五階段改造，從民主思維變中央集權。 名人推薦 淡江大學中文系教授／高柏園.

本书以西方诠释学为参照,以《论语》、《孟子》、《荀子》为个案,对先秦儒家的意义生成问题及其特点与具体表现作出了独特而深入的阐析。.

這部朝鮮儒者對儒家傳統的解釋,是臺灣大學人文社會高等研究院與韓國首爾大學奎章閣韓國學研究院合作,二"E2978B""E2978B"七年十一月十五日於首爾與二"E2978B""E2978B"九年四月九日 於臺北舉辦之兩次國際研討會的論文集.全書論文環繞三個問題:第一是關於朝鮮儒學如何解釋的問題;第二是朝鮮儒學發展的脈絡性問題,其重點在於闡發"四端","七情","人心","道心","敬","靜"等中國儒 學的關鍵性概念,在與朝鮮社會,文化,政治脈絡以及思想風土相結合後,所創造出的新詮釋;第三是東亞儒學發展過程中,"自我"與"他者"互動的問題.

Ben shu zhu yao lun shu ru,Mo liang jia fa zheng si xiang,Bing fu lu xian dai xing fa dui bi fo jiao jie lü lun wen yi pian.Xie zuo te se yao fen wei er:yi,Zai yan jiu fang fa shang,Cai qu bi jiao fa xue yan jiu jin lu,Jian shi chuan tong si xiang yu xian dai jia zhi ti xi xian zhuan gong gou zhi ke neng.Shi gu wen zhang lun shu zhong xin bu zai chan shu (...) ru,Mo nei sheng dao de gong fu lun mian xiang,Er geng ce zhong qi yu xian dai fa li nian ji xian xing fa zhi du zhi dui bi fen xi.Er,Zai lun shu nei rong fang mian,Chuan tong yan jiu zhu yao tong guo jia zhi xi tong nei,Ji ken ding chuan tong wen hua zhi zhuan ye yan jiu zhe li chang chu fa,Zhang xian zhong guo zhe xue shi dai he li xing. (shrink)

Ben shu shi yi ben yan jiu ke xue li shi de shu ji. zhu yao nei rong bao kuo: Xi fang wen hua chuan tong he jin dai ke xue de dan sheng, Wen yi fu xing he Yidali ke xue zhong xin de xing qi, Xin jiao jing shen he Yingguo ke xue zhong xin shi dai de dao lai deng.

Ben shu xi tong chan shu liao Zhongguo zhe xue de yuan qi, fa zhan he wei lai.quan shu gong fen cheng si ge da bu fen:yuan qi yu chu xing; er, ge ming hua de ding xing; san, xin shi dai de zhuan xiang;si, zou xiang quan qiu hua shi dai de Zhongguo zhe xue.

Du Weiming xian sheng shi dang dai yan jiu he chuan bo ru jia wen hua de zhong yao si xiang jia. Ta 1940 nian chu sheng yu Kunming, xian hou qiu xue yu Taiwan dong hai da xue he Meiguo Hafo da xue, ren jiao yu Pulinsidun da xue, Bokeli Jiazhou da xue. Zi 1981 nian, Du Weiming xian sheng yi zhi zai Hafo da xue Dong Ya xi dan ren li shi ji zhe xue jiao shou,qi jian huo (...) xuan Meiguo ren wen she hui ke xue yuan yuan shi, hai ceng dan ren Hafo Yanjing xue she she zhang. Chang qi yi lai, Du Weiming xian sheng zhi li yu ru xue di 3 qi fa zhan, quan shi Zhongguo wen hua, fan si xian dai jing shen, chang dao wen ming dui hua, zai hai nei wai xiang you hen gao de xue shu sheng yu. Du xian sheng fei chang re xin Zhongguo you xiu chuan tong wen hua zai ben tu de chuan bo, duo ci hui guo can jia jiao yu he xue shu jiao liu huo dong. Ta yu Beijing da xue you zhe te shu de yuan fen,zao zai 1985 nian jiu lai Beijing da xue jiang shou ru jia zhe xue. Zui jin Du Weiming xian sheng yi zheng shi shou pin wei Beijing da xue gao deng ren wen yan jiu yuan yuan zhang. (shrink)

Ben shu tong guo dui yu Li Zhuowu he Yangming xue de chan shi, dui yu Zhongguo qian jin dai bu tong yu xi fang de lu xiang jin xing le bian xi, ren wei"zai Zhongguo si xiang zhong cun zai zhe bu tong yu Ouzhou si xiang shi de zhan kai de Zhongguo du zi de si xiang shi de zhan kai", fan dui yi ban chang jian de, yi Ouzhou de li shi zhan kai he (...) jia zhi guan wei ji zhun de xi fang zhong xin lun li shi guan, cong er zai Zhongguo nei zai de si xiang li lu zhong xun zhao Zhongguo de"jin dai"ji qi"qu she yu fa zhan"; ta hai da po le zai Riben tong xing de dui yu Li Zhuowu tong xin shuo shi ge ren zhu yi biao xian de fu qian shuo fa, ba Li Zhuowu wan qi de fu za si xiang, te bie shi fo jiao si xiang zai ta shen shang de du te ti xian tui xiang dui yu ming dai si xiang ben shen de jie shi. (shrink)

volume 1. Yi tong ; Zhou yi jiang zuo -- volume 2. Zhou yi quan jie -- volume 3. "Zhou yi, Xi ci zhuan" xin bian xiang jie ; "Shang shu, Yu xia shu" xin jie -- volume 4. Zhongguo nu li she hui de ji ge wen ti ; Lun jing tian zhi du ; Zhongguo nu li she hui shi -- volume 5. Kongzi xin zhuan -- volume 6. Jing xue gai lun ; Xian Qin si xiang (...) shi ; Xian Qin si xiang shi zhuan ti jiang shou ti gang -- volume 7. Lun wen Jing xue bian, Shi xue bian -- volume 8. Lun wen Shi xue bian, Zi xue bian -- volume 9. Lun wen Zi xue bian, Xu ba bian, Za zhu bian ; Zi zhuan -- volume 10. Fu lu. (shrink)