The article reviews the book Die Möglichkeit des Guten. Ethik im 21. Jahrhundert [The Possibility of the Good. Ethics in the 21st Century], by Wilhelm Vossenkuhl.

Wollte man die Erkenntnistatigkeit der menschlichen Subjekte einer einfachen Analyse unterziehen, dann konnte man z.B. bei der Frage ansetzen: Wie gehen die Menschen mit Erkenntnis um? Im 21. Jahrhundert wird das Erkennen im Kontext einer (post-)modernen Gesellschaft betrachtet, die viele pluralistische Varianten zulasst: Globale, soziale, Kultur-, Frauen-, Manner-, Bildungs-, Wissenschaftler-, Religionen-, Sportgesellschaft usw. In jeder Form der Gesellschaft wird dem Erkenntnisphanomen eine prinzipielle, wenn auch jeweils spezifische Funktion zugeschrieben, deren objektive Problemstellung auch in ihrem geschichtlichen Horizont gedeutet werden muss, wenn (...) sie sich bewahren soll. Allerdings gilt uberall folgendes Prinzip: Entfaltung jeder Form der Gesellschaft erfordert unbedingt die fortschreitende Erkenntnis. Diese Notwendigkeit hat schon von Anfang an als zuverlassiger Motor fur jedes nur denkbare Modell der Erkenntnistheorie gegolten.". (shrink)

The article reviews the book Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie [Introduction to Theory of Knowledge], by Gerhard Ernst.

The article reviews the book Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie [Introduction to Theory of Knowledge], by Ernst Gerhard.

Ziel des vorliegenden Aufsatzes ist es, die Existenz von eventuellen Berührungspunkten zwischen Wittgenstein und Ingarden nachzuweisen. Nach einer kurzen Einführung wird anfangs der Hintergrund der Analyse des Problems formuliert. Darauf hin werden die Positionen Wittgensteins Ontologie mit wenigen Begriffen und Ingardens dreistufige Ontologie jeweils skizzenhaft dargestellt und kritisch auf das Vorhandensein von gemeinsamen Grundlinien geprüft. Als Gesichtspunkte gelten dabei folgende Begriffe: Ontologie, Welt und Mensch, Sprache und Ästhetik. Abschließend werden die charakteristischen Merkmale von Berührungspunkten genannt.

The article reviews the book Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie [Introduction to Theory of Knowledge], by Gerhard Ernst.

The article reviews the book Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie [Introduction to Theory of Knowledge], by Ernst Gerhard.

In this paper I seek to analyse the following question: how is it that I am able, today, to succeed in fulfilling my goals? My analysis will, I hope, demonstrate that virtues are important because they facilitate this sort of fulfilment. An examination of the classical notion of virtue is thus called for, and this in turn suggests that, at least in certain cases, virtue is connected with luck—that these two belong together. This points towards a new form of contemporary (...) virtue ethics, whose distinctive character will be reflected in the particular significance it invests in the concepts of “qualification” and “competence.” Finally, we are led to Wittgenstein's assertion that “The world of the happy person is other than the world of the hapless person.”. (shrink)

In this paper I seek to analyse the following question: how is it that I am able, today, to succeed in fulfilling my goals? My analysis will, I hope, demonstrate that virtues are important because they facilitate this sort of fulfilment. An examination of the classical notion of virtue is thus called for, and this in turn suggests that, at least in certain cases, virtue is connected with luck—that these two belong together. This points towards a new form of contemporary (...) virtue ethics, whose distinctive character will be reflected in the particular significance it invests in the concepts of “qualification” and “competence.” Finally, we are led to Wittgenstein's assertion that “The world of the happy person is other than the world of the hapless person.”. (shrink)

The article reviews the book Die Möglichkeit des Guten. Ethik im 21. Jahrhundert [The Possibility of the Good. Ethics in the 21st Century], by Wilhelm Vossenkuhl.

Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, einige relevante Sachverhalte aus der Philosophie Descartes' hervorzuheben, welche die Entwicklung der Leib-Seele-Problem-Debatte maßgeblich geprägt haben. Aus der Sicht gegenwärtiger philosophischer Debatte wird die Fundierung des ontologischen Dualismus Descartes' aufgewiesen, um schließlich diesen Standpunkt einer kritischen Würdigung zu unterziehen—mit dem Blick auf eine Zukunftsperspektive. Das methodische Verfahren nimmt Rücksicht sowohl auf den Bereich a priori als auch den a posteriori.

Roman Ingarden (1893-1970) gehort zu den polnischen Philosophen, deren Leistung weltweit breite Anerkennung gefunden hat. Von Husserl hat er gelernt, wie phanomenologische Analysen durchzufuhren sind. Trotz dieser Verpflichtung seinem Meister gegenuber hat Ingarden niemals Angst gehabt, scharfe Kritik an Husserl zu aussern, die sich nach vielen Jahren in eine reife realistische Position umwandelte. Der Weg zu dieser realistischen Position ist durch Ingardens Auseinandersetzung mit dem transzendentalen Idealismus Husserls gekennzeichnet, also mit der These Die reale Welt und ihre Entitaten werden als (...) rein intentionale Gegenstandlichkeiten aufgefasst, die in den Tiefen des konstituierenden Bewusstseins ihren Seins- und Bestimmungsgrund haben.". (shrink)

The article reviews the book Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie [Introduction to Theory of Knowledge], by Ernst Gerhard.

In the paper some varieties E s n of BCK-algebras with condition defined by W. H. Cornish [1] are considered. A characterization of simple algebras in E s 2 is given and some properties of simple algebras in E s 3 are indicated.

Modern Polish philosophy has an impressive record as a powerful, innovating tradition, in many respects parallel to but independent of the development of analytical philosophy in Britain and America. Owing to an absence of adequate translations however, the work of its leading exponents has generally only been encountered second-hand. To remedy this, Quinton and Skolimowski have translated an introduction to philosophy written by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, probably the outstanding representative of the generation. Problems and Theories of Philosophy surveys concisely and, (...) so far as possible, systematically the main problems in epistemology and metaphysics and the most historically important of the solutions proposed to them. The book still reads freshly and displays many of the characteristic intellectual virtues of Polish philosophy: clarity and straightforwardness of presentation combined with a bracing rigour and precision. It is in no sense parochial to its Polish origins and can stand beside the classic English introductions to the subject as stimulating and lucid analysis of perennial philosophical problems and strategies. (shrink)

Scholarly dissertations dealing with the Jesuit educational system in Poland would more frequently emphasize the aspects of its decline rather than those of its prosperity. More recent research, however, based on numerous sources, enables one to see this system in a new, more objective light as well as giving an unbiased picture of the situation. Written by Roman Darowski SJ, eminent specialist in scholastic philosophy, it is the first work to be devoted to the philosophy of Polish Jesuits, which was (...) inseparable from their scholarly and didactic activities. It spans the last three decades of the sixteenth century and a few years of the seventeenth century, i.e. the beginning of the activity of the Societas Jesu in this country. (shrink)

Scholarly dissertations dealing with the Jesuit educational system in Poland would more frequently emphasize the aspects of its decline rather than those of its prosperity. More recent research, however, based on numerous sources, enables one to see this system in a new, more objective light as well as giving an unbiased picture of the situation. Written by Roman Darowski SJ, eminent specialist in scholastic philosophy, it is the first work to be devoted to the philosophy of Polish Jesuits, which was (...) inseparable from their scholarly and didactic activities. It spans the last three decades of the sixteenth century and a few years of the seventeenth century, i.e. the beginning of the activity of the Societas Jesu in this country. (shrink)

The contemporary development of socialist economy is featured not only by high dynamics, but also by essential structural and qualitative changes. The economic policy and the socialist planning in particular tendtowards optimalization of economic growth, then to engage for its proper directions, structure and rythmicality. The every year growing national product ought to be, as it is possible, most suitable and useful for implementation of threefold objective: 1° the better satisfaction with the necessities of population, 2° the quicker modernization of (...) the national economy, and 3° the effective development of the foreign trade as well as the international cooperation.The superiority of a set of social criteria is becoming the general assumption of economic policy. A vision of the future human being and the mature society is determining prospective objectives and aims of the development as well is indicating ways and means for their realization by economic policy.The economic growth is not objective by itself, but has to serve for a comprehensive social advancement. At the same time the factors of social advancement advantageously impact the labour productivity and otherwisethey perform a role of additional stimulatives of the economic growth.The objectives of social advancement should be realized gradually basing on staging patterns of systematic raise of the living standards of the population. A hierarchy and a sequence of satisfaction with the both individual and collective necessities demand a skillful application of the criteria of the economic and social choice. We are using here the principle of social and economic rationality.Hence the factors of social advancement, involving the scientific and technical progress, belang to the fundumatel elements of the present economic and social policy. At the same time objectives and means of modern economic and social advancement are here strictly interlaced. (shrink)

When asked in 1962 on what he was working Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz replied: Several years ago Polish Scientific Publishers suggested that I pre pare a new edition of The Logical Foundations of Teaching, which I wrote 1 before 1939 as a contribution to The Encyclopaedia of Education. It was a small booklet covering elementary information about logical semantics and scientific methodology, information which in my opinion was necessary as a foundation of teaching and as an element of the education of (...) any teacher. When I recently set to preparing the new edition, I rewrote practically everything, and a booklet of some 100 pages swelled into a bulky volume almost five times bigger. The issues have remained practically the same, but they are now analysed much more thoroughly and the threshold of difficulty is much higher now. The main stress has been laid on the methods used in the empirical sciences, and within that field, on the theory of measurement and the methods of statistical inference. I am now working on the last chapter of the book, concerned with explanation procedures and theory construction in the empirical sciences. When that book, which I intend to entitle Pragmatic Logic, is com pleted I intend to prepare for the press Vol. 2 of my minor writings, 2 Language and Cognition, which will cover some of my post-war pa pers. (shrink)

Autor porusza zagadnienie struktury Peryta, która posiada tę właściwość, iż środkiem świata jest miejsce założone przez obserwatora. W ten sposób zmienia się charakter zjawisk geometrycznych, w tym perspektywy.

The author discusses the subjective and irreproducible character of the method of direct experience, which is the ground of the acceptance of observation statements. It is also shown how this method forms a part of the method of arriving at universal statements on the basis of experience without depriving the latter of its intersubjective and reproducible character.

Artykuł jest próbą wyodrębnienia i ogólnego opisu aspektów filozoficznych, zawartych w teorii duchowości ekologicznej papieża Franciszka oraz porównania ich z myślą tomistyczną, rozwijaną przez jej polskich przedstawicieli w czasach współczesnych. Aspekty te dostrzeżono na gruncie wielu dyscyplin filozoficznych, ponieważ w tego typu duchowości chodzi o stosunek człowieka do najogólniej pojętej rzeczywistości realnej, czyli do samego siebie, przyrody, kultury i religii. W toku analizy obu stanowisk zauważono liczne analogie, a także pewne rozbieżności w sposobie widzenia przyrody, osoby ludzkiej, kultury oraz religii, (...) które przynajmniej częściowo można tłumaczyć niejednoznacznością niektórych sformułowań papieskich. -------------- Zgłoszono: 19/08/2020. Zrecenzowano: 26/09/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 18/10/2020. (shrink)