El Libro de Job constituye un documento privilegiado para pensar el problema del sufrimiento del justo y el dolor del inocente en relación con el problema más general de la justificación de Dios ante la existencia del mal, que es el tema central de la Teodicea. ¿Por qué ha de sufrir el justo? En el presente texto, más que intentar dar respuesta a esta pregunta, intentamos mostrar cómo, en la interpelación de Job a su Dios, un occidental puede reconocer insospechadamente (...) la especificidad misma de su concepción de la moral, puede identificar las condiciones bajo las cuales lo moral es pensado en Occidente. Se pretende poner de manifiesto las razones por las que la actitud de Job ante el Todopoderoso resulta ejemplar para Occidente. Y, de paso, se pretende igualmente mostrar cómo el Libro de Job contribuye a destacar la diferencia esencial entre el espíritu medio-oriental del judaísmo y el occidental greco-cristiano. La intención del texto es, en definitiva, llamar la atención sobre el aspecto del episodio de Job por el que éste, como Sócrates o Jesús, escapa a la voracidad de la historia y deviene para siempre un contemporáneo. The book of Job constitutes a privileged document to think the problem that arises from the suffering inflicted by God upon the righteous man and the grief that He lays upon the innocent, as related with the more general problem of God's justification in view of existence of evil, which makes up the subject-matter of theodicy. Why should an upright man be put to suffering? Rather than an endeavour to answer this question, what is to be found in this text is an attempt to show how, in Job's asking his God, the Western man can unexpectedly recognize the selfsame quiddity of his concpetion of morals, as well as identify the conditions under which moral thought is achieved in the West. What is aimed at, is to put forth the reasons why Job's attitude towards the Almighty becomes exemplary for the West. A bypurpose is also that of showing to what extent the Book of Job helps to emphasize the essential difference between two kinds of mind, that of the Middle-East Judaism, and that of the Western Greek-Christian tradition. The text attempts lastly to draw attention on a feature that enables Job, like Socrates and Jesus, to escape History¿s voracity and become our contemporary for ever. (shrink)

Este artigo tenta compreender o estatuto da morte dentro da concepção de vida que se pode depreender das teorizações freudianas. Para isso recorremos a uma leitura comparativa entre dois momentos fundamentais da obra de Freud: o empreendimento metapsicológico (com destaque ao artigo sobre as pulsões, de 1915) e a publicação, em 1920, do Além do princípio de prazer. Verificamos que, em linhas gerais, as características mais essenciais com que a vida é descrita mantêm-se as mesmas em ambos esses momentos; o (...) que mudou foi o estatuto conferido à morte nessa concepção, que de limite lógico e externo passou a ser origem e finalidade da vida. Notamos, outrossim, que a incorporação da morte no seio da vida não se deu no vazio, mas que Freud só a perfez ao se debruçar sobre hipóteses que marcavam presença em seu pensamento já antes de 1920, num processo de contínua reelaboração teórica. (shrink)

Eu me proponho resumir aqui, para o uso daqueles que estudam a linguagem, algumas observações de Freud, dispersas em diversos escritos, e consagradas aos problemas da enunciação (termo do qual Freud não se serve).

Partiendo de una reflexión sobre los distintos modos de nombrar el seguimiento de Cristo y de algunas de las principales formas en que se ha concretado en el Ife del cristiano a lo largo de la historia (martirio, vida monástica, vida contemplativa, vida activa, etc.), llegamos a las Sociedades de Vida Apostólica, como un camino original y genuino, cuya primera manfestación se encuentra en el Oratorio de San Felipe Neri. En las dos notas siguientes (pp. 579-602 y 603-618) se hace (...) una breve descripción histórica sobre este peculiar santo, señalando, al mismo tiempo, los rasgos más distintivos de su espiritualidad y de su obra. (shrink)

O tema do fragmento e do que é fragmentário perpassa a obra de Freud: pedaços de memórias, vestígios do passado, retalhos de textos são alguns dos elementos que figuram em sua prática empírica e em seu afazer teórico. Não somente o passado reaparece, no presente, por meio de fragmentos, mas também a verdade ou o significado (de um sonho, de um sintoma) pode emergir, na atividade interpretativa e terapêutica, em estado fragmentário. Neste texto, buscamos compreender o papel do fragmento dentro (...) da teoria freudiana; para tanto, focamos nossa atenção no caso do Homem dos Lobos, no qual os fragmentos marcam presença de forma maciça. Nota-se que eles atuam em três dimensões distintas e complementares: a) no próprio conteúdo da neurose analisada; b) no decorrer do tratamento analítico, ou melhor, no método freudiano; c) na redação do caso clínico, isto é, na passagem do tratamento para o campo das palavras escritas. Estudando as relações entre esses três campos, vê-se emergir uma _ética do fragmento _freudiana, na qual nós, enquanto leitores, estamos sempre implicados. (shrink)

A teoria freudiana da feminilidade é objeto de vários estudos. Tencionamos trazer uma contribuição a esse debate, mas, em vez de abordarmos os textos em que a mulher aparece explicitamente sob a pena freudiana, cuidamos de ler um texto específico de Freud em que ela não aparece, mas deveria aparecer. Trata-se do texto Zur Gewinnung des Feuers, de 1932, em que o pai da psicanálise interpreta o mito de Prometeu. O fato é que, em Hesíodo, a figura da primeira mulher (...) (Pandora) é central, e sem ela o mito não pode ser compreendido em sua inteireza. Na versão de Freud, Pandora inexiste – ela não entra em consideração e não é sequer mencionada. Por isso, em vez do mito de Prometeu e Pandora, temos em Freud o mito de Prometeu – e isso não é sem consequências. Assim, a escrita masculina de Freud jazeria não somente ali onde ele discorre sobre a mulher, mas também onde ela sequer aparece. (shrink)

In the context of a particular framework of emergent quantum mechanics, it is argued the emergent origin of the inertial mass of a physical system. Two main consequences of the theory are discussed: an emergent interpretation of the law of inertia and a derivation of the energy-time uncertainty relation.

In the context of European Convergence, it has non-stop been encouraged a revolution in higher education in order to face up to challenges thrown down by the socalled "knowledge society". Nevertheless, as it happens in all revolutions, by means of the revolutionary legislation we risk destroying completely what we were trying to legislate on. This essay aims to attract academic circles attention to this matter so 225 LOGOS. Anales del Seminario de Metafísica ISSN: 1575-6866 Vol. 37 (2004): 225-253 Carlos (...) class='Hi'>Fernández Liria La revolución educativa Luis Alegre Zahonero that, at least, this disaster is not consolidated with our collaboration. (shrink)

En el marco de la Convergencia Europea, no ha cesado de alentarse una revolución educativa capaz de afrontar los nuevos retos y desafíos planteados por la llamada ¿sociedad del conocimiento¿. Ahora bien, como ocurre con todas las revoluciones, podemos correr el riesgo de que la actividad legislativa revolucionaria destruya por completo aquello que pretendía legislar. Este artículo pretende llamar la atención del mundo académico para que, por lo menos, este desastre no se consolide con nuestra colaboración.

La idea de progreso que subyace en la Modernidad (y que Kant reconiza), reviste una especificidad muy singular: su carácter pretendidamente lineal, irreversible y necesario. Aquí se trata de analizar las dimensiones fundamentales de la concepción kantiana de progreso y plantear sus límites, apelando a una reformulación de la noción de progreso que no parta de la autonomía, entendida en clave de autoconciencia y autosuficiencia, sino de la radical interdependencia y solidaridad del ser humano y de la recuperación de la (...) idea de “bien común”. (shrink)

En el planteamiento de Kant, el estado civil de derecho debe regirse exclusivamente por los mandatos de una legislación jurídica. La facultad de coaccionar (indisociable del derecho) no puede estar mezclada con nada ético. Sin embargo, en el presente artículo se trata de defender que, desde el propio planteamiento de Kant, la política en general (y, por lo tanto, también el desarrollo legislativo ordinario de cualquier sistema de derecho) resultan imposibles si no se supone cierta virtud cívica.

The goal of this article is to discuss several critical positions published recently in academic journals on the book The order of ‘Capital’, which aim is to lay the foundations for a republican reading of Marx’s major work. The core of the argument focuses against any attempt to derive normative proposals from scientific discoveries. From here, clarifying some key concepts and positions of the republican tradition is a necessary condition in order to show the close solidarity between Marx and Kant (...) about the formal and institutional conditions of any possible theory of justice. (shrink)

Las secciones y divisiones dedicadas a la inteligencia y seguimiento político y social son centrales en la historia de las policías argentinas. La historiografía reciente ha destacado la complejidad de interpretar las políticas estatales de seguridad y sus transformaciones en el tiempo como producto de un proceso de larga duración. Este artículo examina las modalidades y prácticas de investigación desarrolladas por las policías del Territorio Nacional de Río Negro y de la Provincia de Buenos Aires entre 1930 y 1943. Un (...) abordaje que radica en ponderar las especificidades institucionales propias de un período escasamente transitado para estos escenarios a partir de tres ejes: primero, recompone el proceso de burocratización interno que transitarían ambas reparticiones producto de estas tareas. Segundo, estas secciones construyeron una sólida tradición de información materializada en informes, expedientes y prontuarios. En ese sentido, se pone el foco en los agentes que se configuraron como un grupo de “expertos” en su producción como en las lógicas para la recolección de información. Por último, se incursiona en los sentidos otorgados a los actores “observados”. (shrink)

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con el objetivo de caracterizar la esfera afectiva de mujeres diagnosticadas con trastornos depresivos, en el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2015. La muestra estuvo conformada por 46 mujeres residentes en la provincia de Camagüey, seleccionadas de manera intencional, a partir de los criterios establecidos por los autores del estudio. Se aplicó el Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach, según la codificación e interpretación del Sistema Comprehensivo de Exner. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que, en la mayoría de (...) las mujeres, predominó la combinación del Índice de depresión negativo y el Índice de inhabilidad social positivo, el estilo vivencial coartado e introversivo, proporción afectiva baja y Lambda alta. A descriptive study was conducted to characterize the affective sphere of women diagnosed with depressive disorders during a period between 2012 and 2015. The sample consisted of 46 women living in Camagüey, who were selected intentionally using criteria established by the investigation authors. A Rorschach Test was applied, with regard to the encoding and interpretation of Exner´s Comprehensive System. Results suggested that most women exhibited a combination of the negative depression index and the positive social disability index, constricted and introversive experiential style, low affective proportion and high Lambda. (shrink)

The purpose of this study is to examine how workgroup diversity can be managed through specific strategic human resource management systems. Our review shows that ‘affirmative action’ and traditional ‘diversity management’ approaches have failed to simultaneously achieve business and social justice outcomes of diversity. As previous literature has shown, the benefits of diversity cannot be achieved with isolated interventions. To the contrary, a complete organizational culture change is required, in order to promote appreciation of individual differences. The paper contributes to (...) this discussion by exploring the implications of this change for human resource management, and explaining how the systems of practices should be changed when they are directed to diverse groups. The model designed to test this notion includes: (1) demographic and human capital diversity as independent variables, (2) group performance (measured as innovation outcomes) as the dependent variable and, (3) the orientation of the strategic human resource management system as a potential moderator of this relationship. The main conclusion of the empirical analysis developed is that different patterns of human resource management practices can be used, depending on the type of diversity that the organization faces, and the specific effects that it wishes to manage. Concretely, three alternative management systems are identified in this paper, with different moderating effects. This result has interesting implications for human resource management professionals, explained in the last section. The limitations of this study are also discussed, as well as some issues that future research in this field should address. (shrink)

This study tested the direct effects of Dark Tetrad traits on organizational and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors. We also examined the moderating effects of the three dimensions of organizational justice – distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice – on the Dark Tetrad-CWBs relationships. Based on the data from 613 employees across different occupations, the results revealed that only psychopathy and sadism had significant effects on CWBs targeted at the organization. The results also supported the direct effect of sadism on (...) interpersonal CWBs. The findings confirmed the moderating role of interactional justice but differentially, depending on the dark trait and the target of workplace deviance. Whereas low and medium levels of interactional justice moderated the relationship between Machiavellianism and CWBs directed to the organization, it did not play any role in narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism. Regarding CWBs aimed at other people, interactional justice emerged as a significant moderator in Machiavellianism and sadism. But, whereas sadistic employees performed more harmful behaviors toward other individuals whatever their level of interactional justice, if people high in Machiavellianism perceived a high fair interpersonal treatment, they did not show deviant behaviors directed at other employees. The paper concludes with some suggestions and recommendations about the relevance of organizational justice in the influence of dark personality traits on CWBs. (shrink)

Socially responsible human resource management (SR‐HRM) is becoming increasingly important for academics and managers. The interface between HRM and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the subject of analysis in this article. It adopts a contextual perspective to analyze whether the institutional context influences the implementation of socially responsible HRM (SR‐HRM). Considering the differences in the national institutional contexts across Europe, this study explores the different models of SR‐HRM in that region. The research is focused on a sample of 153 companies (...) headquartered in Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The findings evidence the influence exerted by the national institutional context on the implementation of SR‐HRM. Differences among country clusters suggest the existence of different models of SR‐HRM in Europe. However, these models do not correspond to the blocks on HRM or on CSR identified by the literature but instead provide a novel categorization. (shrink)

Industrial development in recent decades has led to using information and communication technologies to support personnel selection processes. One of the most notable examples is game-related assessments, supposedly as accurate as conventional tests but which generate better applicant reactions and reduce the likelihood of adverse impact and faking. However, such claims still lack scientific support. Given practitioners’ increasing use of GRA, this article reviews the scientific literature on gamification applied to personnel selection to determine whether the current state of the (...) art supports their use in professional practice and identify specific aspects on which future research should focus. Following the PRISMA model, a search was carried out in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, identifying 34 valid articles, of which 85.3% are empirical studies that analyze five areas: validity; applicant reactions; design of GRA; personal characteristics and GRA; and adverse impact and faking. Together, these studies show that GRA can be used in personnel selection but that the supposed advantages of GRA over conventional tests are fewer than imagined. The results also suggest several aspects on which research should focus, which could help define the situations in which the use of GRA may be recommended. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility is increasingly viewed as a strategic management tool for companies to draw in candidates. In this arena, international responsible rankings such as ‘The Great Place to Work’, ‘Family Responsible Employer Index ’ or ‘The Best Companies for Working Mothers’ put emphasis on the value of responsible behaviours, not only for surviving in the market, but also to ‘win the war for talent’. Using a sample of Spanish University students, this research aims to analyse the process of selecting (...) responsible organizations to work and whether there is a possible future conflict of interest by students between their own and organizational values. Surprisingly, the university students assessed two opposing situations with the highest values: of looking to change employer and of letting time pass in order to ignore the conflict. The implications of the students’ assessments and the related factors which affect their decision-making criteria are explored in this article. (shrink)

El planteamiento y las vías de acción que los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU proponen para alcanzar el fin de la pobreza extrema para el año 2030 continúa asumiendo un enfoque “monetarista” basado en el “umbral de renta mínima” (vivir con menos de 2 dólares diarios) y se aleja del enfoque de derechos humanos, expresado en su informe de 2012, avalando la metodología economicista de autores como Sachs, basada en reproducir, para los países pobres, la senda del crecimiento (...) económico que han seguido los países ricos. El presente trabajo pretende, por un lado, poner en evidencia los errores y límites de la concepción economicista y del análisis monetarista de la pobreza y, por otro, indicar las vías propuestas por autores como Sen y Pogge para que pueda verificarse un cambio trascendental de perspectiva que afronte el fenómeno desde la concepción de una vida digna y la satisfacción de los derechos básicos que de ella se derivan. (shrink)