우리는 이 논문에서 앙리 베르그손의 작품 『창조적 진화』의 두 원천을 조명해 보고자 한다. 저자가 이 책에서 전개하는 견해는 당대의 과학적 소여들에 대한 분석에 기초하고 있을 뿐 아니라 멘 드 비랑으로부터 라베쏭으로 이어지는 프랑스의 유심론적 흐름에 그 기원을 둔다. 프랑스 유심론이 의식의 고유한 체험을 강조한다면 과학적 인식은 외부 세계에 대한 관찰과 이에 대해 과학자들이 제시하는 설명으로 이루어진다. 이러한 근대과학에 대한 반성과 유심론적 전통의 대조가 『창조적 진화』의 어려움의 원인인 동시에 독창성을 제공한다. 오늘날 우리는 생물학과 물리학의 발달에서 새로운 경향들의 출현으로 인해 베르그손이 논박하고자 (...) 노력했던 기계론적 사유로부터 어느 정도 자유로울 수 있다. 따라서 우리는 이 책의 주된 두 가지 원천을 분석하면서 이를 토대로 베르그손이 거기서 구체화하는 독창적인 사유를 조명해 보고자 한다. (shrink)

우리 논문의 목적은 시몽동의 기술철학에서 기술적 규범성의 단초를 발견하는 것이다. 시몽동은 자신의 기술철학에서 규범성을 명시적으로 논하지는 않으나 기술을 문화에 대립시키는 태도를 극복하고 기술문화를 확립하려는 그의 이상은 기술에 규범성을 도입하려는 시도를 정당화해 준다. 우리는 기술적 규범성을 두 차원에서 논할 수 있다. 하나는 기술적 대상들이 발생하고 진화하는 과정에서 나타나는 기술적 대상의 고유한 역량의 차원, 다른 하나는 사회역사적 과정 속에서 나타나는 기술의 가치함의적 차원이다. 우리 연구는 전자에 집중하고자 한다. 이 연구는 시몽동의 관점을 깡길렘의 생명철학과 베르그손의 창조 형이상학의 맥락으로부터 해명하지만 시몽동의 독창성은 창조적 사유를 (...) 기술철학으로 확대, 구현한다는 점이다. 시몽동이 보여주는 기술적 대상들의 발생과 진화는 생명적 본질이나 인간적 의도의 실현으로 환원되지 않는 내재적 필연성과 객관성을 갖는다. 오직 이 때에만 기술적 규범성은 유의미한 탐구 주제가 될 수 있다. (shrink)

Circulating the Code: Print Media and Legal Knowledge in Qing China. By Ting Zhang. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020. Pp. xi + 252. $95, $30.

This article explores the unusually high levels of cosmetic surgery in South Korea – for both women and men. We argue that existing explanations, which draw on feminist and postcolonial positions, presenting cosmetic surgery as pertinent only to female and non-western bodies found lacking by patriarchal and racist/imperialist economies, miss important cultural influences. In particular, focus on western cultural hegemony misses the influence in Korea of national identity discourses and traditional Korean beliefs and practices such as physiognomy. We show how (...) these beliefs provide a more ‘gendered’ as opposed to feminist analysis, which allows space for discussion of men’s surgeries. Finally, we critique the accepted notion of the ‘western body’, especially its position in some literature as a more unobtainable ideal for non-western than for western women. We argue that this body has little in common with actual western women’s bodies, and more in common with a globalized image, embodying idealized elements from many different cultures. (shrink)

We review the concepts and the physics behind electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and lasing without inversion (LWI) for various models of the V-type configurations.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are effective for treating obesity, but the high cost of these medications endangers the financial viability of our health care system. To ensure that these drugs are available to Medicare beneficiaries, pharmaceutical manufacturers must lower their prices.

When naming certain hand-held, man-made tools, American Sign Language signers exhibit either of two iconic strategies: a handling strategy, where the hands show holding or grasping an imagined object in action, or an instrument strategy, where the hands represent the shape or a dimension of the object in a typical action. The same strategies are also observed in the gestures of hearing nonsigners identifying pictures of the same set of tools. In this paper, we compare spontaneously created gestures from hearing (...) nonsigning participants to commonly used lexical signs in ASL. Signers and gesturers were asked to respond to pictures of tools and to video vignettes of actions involving the same tools. Nonsigning gesturers overwhelmingly prefer the handling strategy for both the Picture and Video conditions. Nevertheless, they use more instrument forms when identifying tools in pictures, and more handling forms when identifying actions with tools. We found that ASL signers generally favor the instrument strategy when naming tools, but when describing tools being used by an actor, they are significantly more likely to use more handling forms. The finding that both gesturers and signers are more likely to alternate strategies when the stimuli are pictures or video suggests a common cognitive basis for differentiating objects from actions. Furthermore, the presence of a systematic handling/instrument iconic pattern in a sign language demonstrates that a conventionalized sign language exploits the distinction for grammatical purpose, to distinguish nouns and verbs related to tool use. (shrink)

Olwen Bedford and Kwang-Kuo Hwang, Guilt and Shame in Chinese Culture: A Cross-cultural Framework from the Perspective of Morality and Identity, pp. 127–144.This article formulates a cross-cultural framework for understanding guilt and shame based on a conceptualization of identity and morality in Western and Confucian cultures. First, identity is examined in each culture, and then the relation between identity and morality illuminated. The role of guilt and shame in upholding the boundaries of identity and enforcing the constraints of morality (...) is then discussed from the perspective of each culture. The developed framework is then applied the emotions of guilt and shame in Chinese culture drawing on previous field research. Implications for future research are discussed. (shrink)

We discuss four methodological issues regarding cross-cultural judgment studies of facial expressions of emotion involving design, sampling, stimuli, and dependent variables. We use examples of relatively recent studies in this area to highlight and discuss these issues. We contend that careful consideration of these, and other, cross-cultural methodological issues can help researchers minimize methodological errors, and can guide the field to address new and different research questions that can continue to facilitate an evolution in the field’s thinking about the nature (...) of culture, emotion, and facial expressions. (shrink)

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly generative AI (Gen AI), becomes increasingly prevalent in nursing education, it is paramount to address the ethical implications of their implementation. This article explores the realm of cyberethics (a field of applied ethics that focuses on the ethical, legal, and social implications of cybertechnology), highlighting the ethical principles of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and explicability as a roadmap for facilitating AI integration into nursing education. Research findings suggest that ethical dilemmas that (...) challenge these five principles can emerge within the context of nursing education; however, adherence to these very principles, which is essential to improving patient care, can offer solutions to these dilemmas. To ensure the ethical and responsible use of Gen AI in nursing education, these principles must be woven into the fabric of curricula, and appropriate guidelines must be developed. Nurse educators have a pivotal role in strategizing comprehensive approaches for ethical AI integration, establishing clear guidelines, and instilling critical thinking among students. Fostering lifelong learning and adaptability is key to ensuring that future nurses can successfully navigate the constantly evolving landscape of health care technology. Future research should investigate the long-term impacts of AI utilization on learning outcomes and ethical decision-making. (shrink)

A major issue facing many businesses today, both large and small, concerns intercultural adaptation, and more broadly, diversity. Many businesses struggle with their employees sent to different countries and cultures to adapt effectively in host cultures, as well as for their home culture employees to adapt effectively to changing environments brought on by visitors from other cultures and other sources of diversity. To address this issue, many tests and measures have been developed to identify the core psychological skills, competencies, and (...) aptitudes underlying intercultural adaptation. Elucidation of such skills and competencies would have multiple theoretical and practical ramifications. A recent review of this literature indicated that three tests – the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, the Cultural Intelligence Scale, and the Intercultural Adjustment Potential Scale – had the best psychometric evidence for validity to date. No study, however, has examined the statistical overlap among these tests; which scales or combination of scales best predict adaptation; and most importantly, what are the possible, yet unassessed, constructs underlying them. The purpose of this study was to examine these three questions initially. Non-immigrant, non-sojourner convenience samples from four countries/language groups completed all three tests and a measure of life satisfaction as a proxy for adaptation. Scales from the three tests were moderately – highly intercorrelated and predicted adaptation. A combination of scales from the tests best predicted adaptation, better than scales from any one test. Analyses examining the latent structures underlying the combined tests suggested several psychological constructs new to the intercultural adaptation literature. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and application in international business. (shrink)