René V Arcilla; Modernising Media or Modernist Medium? The Struggle for Liberal Learning in Our Information Age, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 36.

In his classic text, A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argues that the structural principles of a society are just when they issue from a procedure that is fair. One crucial feature that makes the procedure fair is that the persons who will be subjected to these principles choose them after they have deliberated together in a condition marked by a certain balance of knowledge and ignorance. In particular, these people know enough to consider principles that are workable, yet converse (...) behind a “veil of ignorance,” unable to predict what their place in society will be and hence discouraged from slanting the principles toward any preferential interests. My paper questions whether this attempt to ensure the disinterestedness of the conversation of justice is feasible. I worry that when we approach this question practically, we discover that the education that furnishes us with the knowledge necessary to choose viable principles must at the same time preclude genuine ignorance about our social position and interests. As an alternative, I suggest that we convene the conversation of justice behind a “veil of existence.” In this condition, people possess knowledge about how their society works and even about their places in it; however, this knowledge does not foster preferential interests because all interests are subjected to the question of their existential meaning. As Jean-Paul Sartre explains in his essay, “Existentialism is a Humanism,” for our interests to be truly meaningful, they must be affirmed as free responses to our thrownness into existence. Yet how do we find the wherewithal to make such responsible choices rather than lapse into paralysis before their essentially arbitrary differences? My positive thesis is that we may do so by acknowledging how all of us in this existential predicament critically and mutually provoke each to commit oneself to depart from the others in specific ways. This process of provocation is thus educational. It broaches a conception of non-instrumental, non-mimetic, liberal study, one which I try to enact in a writing that employs direct address, regular returns to questions that put discourse at a loss, and expanding webs of association. In this manner, I hope to demonstrate that liberal study may deepen our appreciation of our communal nature, our camaraderie, and thus motivate us to participate unselfishly in the conversation of justice. (shrink)

Have the critiques of humanism of the 1960s and 1970s buried this idea once and for all? Or is there a way that humanism can absorb some of this antihumanist thinking and thereby renew itself? Drawing on writings of Michel Foucault, Charles Taylor, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger in order to illuminate artworks by Robert Smithson and Hans Holbein, René Arcilla argues for a revised idea of the human that is rooted not in some authentic, essential identity of (...) ours, but in an unruly language in which we all participate. He suggests that educatively cultivating a society that appreciates the Human language could be the aim of humanism in our time. (shrink)

This paper aims to open up a problem for discussion and further research based on the three concepts of its title. It examines how these concepts are linked by a line of reasoning developed by the French philosopher, Louis Althusser. Althusser argues that liberal education is an ideological practice that serves to reproduce capitalist social formations. It directs people into preestablished, functional, class positions in society, yet it disguises this operation by keeping attention focused on the myth of our essential (...) subjectivity. This myth, which permeates the discourse of liberal education, is what constitutes humanism. In response to this skeptical view of liberal education and humanism, I start to develop Althusser’s formulations in a different direction. I argue that a humanism that takes fuller responsibility for theorizing the practice of liberal education may be able to revise that practice so that it serves socially transformative, rather than reproductive, ends. Such a humanism may be able to ground itself on an understanding of our subjectivity that emphasizes its reliance on a community of learning, one whose values intrinsically oppose those of capitalism. (shrink)

Journal of Philosophy of Education, EarlyView.

Journal of Philosophy of Education, EarlyView.

Journal of Philosophy of Education, EarlyView.

We argue that Benenson et al. need to consider not only sex differences in the effects of care on offspring survival but also in age-specific fertility when predicting how longevity affects fitness. We review evidence that staying alive has important effects on both women's and men's fitness, and encourage consideration of alternative explanations for observed sex differences in threat responses.

First Published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Overall, the deregulation of genetically engineered (GE) crops for commercial cultivation in North America has been a success story. In several cases, however, GE crops have sparked concerns and disagreements among the stakeholders and there are incidences of court lawsuits, including a recent one on glyphosate resistant (GR) alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.). While GE crops can provide operational benefits to farmers, challenges are looming from commercialization of perennial GE crops. The unique ecology and biology of these crops and GE alfalfa (...) in particular can facilitate adventitious presence (AP) of GE traits and it makes more visible that economic risks for conventional growers and food/feed producers have not been adequately addressed by the GE regulatory system in the United States (US). Asynchronous market approvals and the existence of a number of GE sensitive export markets create uncertainties among the exporters. Policy development in these fields may be helpful for ensuring a broader acceptance and market success of GE agriculture in general. The analysis is focusing on the US, although many diagnosed problems are also relevant to other jurisdictions—in particular if no co-existence policy is in place. (shrink)

GESCHÉ, Adolphe. Deus para pensar o ser humano. Victor René Villavicencio Matienzo GALANTINO, Nunzio. Dizer o homem hoje: novos caminhos da antropologia filosófica. Victor René Villavicencio Matienzo LIBÂNIO, J. B. Qual o caminho entre o crer e o amar? Victor René Villavicencio Matienzo IBARRONDO, Xabier Pikaza. Monoteísmo e globalização: Moisés, Jesus, Muhammad. Wellington Teodoro da Silva MARTINS, Iris Mesquita. Felicidade na velhice. Iris Mesquita Martins.

In late 1633, as Descartes was preparing _The World and Man _for publication, he learned that Galileo had been condemned by the Catholic Church for defending the motion of the earth. His reaction to the news was swift and powerful: as his own treatises also espoused the proposition deemed heretical, he canceled their publication. More than thirty years after Descartes had begun his project, these works were finally published, posthumously, both to acclaim and to controversy. Together, they profoundly influenced the (...) course of modern philosophy. This volume presents Roger Ariew’s clear and engaging translations of Descartes’s treatises, along with a general Introduction, describing the long road to publication, the reception of the works, and their significance. Appendices provide selections from Descartes’s correspondence on Galileo, Part V of the _Discourse on Method_, and a summary of Descartes’s _Description of the Human Body_. (shrink)

t. 1: 1. ptie. Introduction. 2. ptie. Traduction.--t. 2. Commentaire. (2 v.).

Increasingly, nurses use the philosophy of hermeneutics, especially Heideggerian and Gadamerian hermeneutics, to inform interpretive research. However, application of the work of these philosophers to interpretive nursing research has proved problematic as it fails to recognise, or act upon, obligations inherent in their work. Through a review of hermeneutically informed nursing research, methodological implications regarding the use of hermeneutic philosophy are examined in relation to: (i) the need to address forestructures and pre-understandings; (ii) checking interpretations with research participants; (iii) seeking (...) objectivity, consensus and accuracy in textual interpretation; (iv) evaluating interpretations; and (v) gaining entry into the hermeneutic circle. This review suggests that despite obligations inherent in Heideggerian and Gadamerian hermeneutic philosophy, nurses fail to actualise these obligations in their research. In following Heidegger, nurses need to make the scientific theme secure by working out their forestructures in terms of the phenomenon under investigation. Those following Gadamer need to accept that interpretation seeks to manifest textual meanings rather than individual ones. And, whether following Heidegger or Gadamer, the way to make manifest textual meanings is to engage with the text within the hermeneutic circle by continuing to address forestructures and pre-understandings and by considering their influences upon the research. (shrink)

Ce texte propose une analyse des mécanismes argumentatifs mis en œuvre dans les lettres que Hernán Cortés, conquistador du Mexique, a adressées à Charles V (Cartas de Relación) pour légitimer sa conquête du territoire qui deviendra la Nouvelle Espagne et, par ce biais, le Nouveau Monde. Il s’agit en particulier de montrer l’emploi du concept rhétorique d’inventio dans le passage d’une appropriation conceptuelle du « Nouveau Monde » (par l’élaboration de ce concept) à sa domination territoriale (la fondation de Veracruz (...) et la création de la Nouvelle Espagne). (shrink)

GALIMBERTI, Umberto. Rastros do Sagrado: o Cristianismo e a dessacralização do Sagrado. Wander Moreira da Costa KONINGS, Johan S. J. Ser cristão: fé e prática. Paulo Agostinho Nogueira Baptista KONINGS, Johan S. J. Liturgia dominical: mistério de Cristo e formação dos fiéis (anos A-B-C) Victor René Villavicencio Matienzo.

This book intends to introduce readers to the work of Charles E. Butterworth, and thereby to introduce students to Medieval islamic political philosophy, of which Butterworth is one of the world's most prominent scholars. In a wider sense, the Festschrift introduces its readers to the current debates on Medieval islamic political philosophy, related as they are to the questions of the relationship between islam and Christianity, the Medieval to the Modern world, and reason and revelation. Butterworth's scholarship spans six decades, (...) primarily translating, editing, and interpreting the works of the Muslim political philosopher Alfarabi (d. 950) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198). He began his studies of Muslim political philosophy at a time when the Middle East and islam did not have the political salience they have acquired in more recent years. instead, Butterworth's reason for engaging with islam was rooted in the question of the relationship between reason and revelation. While one possible answer was pursued in the Christian, latin West, the islamic borderlands of Greek, Roman, and Muslim civilization offered another. By exploring Averroes, who provides the possibility of an Aristotelian-Islamic political philosophy, and Alfarabi, who pursues a Platonic-islamic political philosophy, Butterworth showed how islamic civilization provided a viable alternative to the theologico-political question reason v revelation, as well as serving as an inspiration to the latin West. (shrink)

REGLA PRIMERA. Dirigir el espiritu de modo que forme juicios sólidos yverdaderos de todos los obietos que se presentan: tal debe ser el fin deiestudio.REGLA II. Debemos ocupamos solamente de aquellos objetos quepueden ser conocidos por nuestro espíritu de un modo cierto eindubitable.REGLA m. En el objeto que el estudio se propone se debe buscar no lasopiniones de los demás a las propias conjeturas, sino lo que se puede verclaramente, con evidencia, o deducir con certeza: porque la ciencia seadquiere de (...) ese y no de otro modo.REGLA N. El método es necesario para la investigación de la verdad.REGLA v. Estriba el método en el orden y disposición de las cosas a lasque debemos dirigir el espiritu para descubrir alguna verdad. Loseguiremos fielmente si reducimos las proposiciones obscuras y confusasa las más sencillas, y si, partiendo de la intuición de las cosas más faciles,tratamos de elevamos poco a poco a1 conocimiento de todas las demás.REGLA vr. A objeto de distinguir las cosas más sencillas de lasobscuras, y seguir con orden esta investigación, es necesario ver, en cadaserie de objetos y verdades deducidas directamente de otras verdades,cuál es la cosa más sencilla y la mayor, igual o menor distancia a que estáde todas las otras.REGLA VII. Para completar la ciencia, es necesario por un movimientocontinuo dei pensamiento, recorrer todos los objetos que se relacionan conel fin que nos proponemos, abrazándolos en una enumeración metódica ysuficiente.REGLA VIII. Si en la serie de las cosas que examinamos, bailamosalguna que no podemos comprender bien, nas· abstendremos de examinarlas siguientes porque el trabajo que empleáramos sería superfluo.REGLA IX. Es preciso dirigir todas las fuerzas del espíritu a las cosasmás fáciles y menos importantes, y detenernos en ellas mucho tiempohasta acostumbrarnos a ver la verdad clara y distintamente.REGLA x. Para que el espíritu logre sagacidad es necesario ejercitarlo,encontrando cosas que hayan sido ya descubiertas y recorriendo las artes,aun las menos importantes, y sobre todo las que explican o suponen elorden. REGLA XI. Si después de considerar intuitivamente algunasproposiciones simples, concluímos otra, es muy util recorrerlas todas conun movimiento continuo del pensamiento, reflexionar sobre sus relacionesmutuas y concebir claramente y a1 mismo tiempo el mayor numero posiblede ellas; porque haciendo esta nuestra ciencia adquiere mucha máscerteza y nuestro espíritu mucha mayor extensión.REGLA XII. Es necesario emplear todos los recursos de la inteligencia,de la imaginación, los sentidos y la memoria, lo mismo para tener unaintuición de las proposiciones simples, que para. comparar en formaconveniente lo que se busca con lo que se conoce, a fin de descubrirle poreste media, o para encontrar las cosas que necesitan ser comparadasentre si; en una palabra, no hay que olvidar ninguno de los medias que elhombre puede emplear.REGLA XIII. Cuando comprendemos perfectamente una cuestión, espreciso abstraerla de toda concepción superflua, reducirla a sus mássimples elementos y subdividiria en tantas partes como sea posible, pormedia de la enumeración.REGLA XIV. La misma regla ha de aplicarse a la extensión real de loscuerpos; y es necesario representaria a la imaginación por media defiguras claras; de esta manera será mucho mejor comprendida por lainteligencia.REGLA xv. Es de gran utilidad trazar estas formas y presentarias a lossentidos externos para conservar la atención en el espíritu.REGLA XVI. Acerca de las dimensiones que no exigen la atencióninmediata del espíritu, aunque sean necessarias para la conclusión, esmás útil designarias con figuras cortas que con figuras enteras; de estemodo no se equivocará la memoria y el pensamiento no se verá obligado adividirse para retener aquellas dimensiones, mientras se aplica a lainvestigación de las otras.REGLA XVII. Debese examinar directamente la dificultad propuesta,haciendo abstracción de que sean conocidos unas términos ydesconocidos otros, y siguiendo por la verdadera ruta su mutuadependencia.REGLA XVIII. Para esta no hay necesidad sino de cuatro operaciones:adición, sustracción, multiplicación y división; con frecuencia las dosúltimas no deben hacerse aqui, por no complicar inutilmente lascuestiones y porque más adelante podrán ser verificadas con másfacilidad. (shrink)

Current environmental problems and technological risks are a challenge for a new institutional arrangement of the value spheres of Science, Politics and Morality. Distinguished authors from different European countries and America provide a cross-disciplinary perspective on the problems of political decision making under the conditions of scientific uncertainty. cases from biotechnology and the environmental sciences are discussed. The papers collected for this volume address the following themes: (i) controversies about risks and political decision making; (ii) concepts of science for policy; (...) (iii) the use of social science in the policy making process; (iv) ethical problems with developments in science and technology; (v) public and state interests in the development and control of technology. (shrink)

Ce texte propose une analyse des mécanismes argumentatifs mis en œuvre dans les lettres que Hernán Cortés, conquistador du Mexique, a adressées à Charles V (Cartas de Relación) pour légitimer sa conquête du territoire qui deviendra la Nouvelle Espagne et, par ce biais, le Nouveau Monde. Il s’agit en particulier de montrer l’emploi du concept rhétorique d’inventio dans le passage d’une appropriation conceptuelle du « Nouveau Monde » (par l’élaboration de ce concept) à sa domination territoriale (la fondation de Veracruz (...) et la création de la Nouvelle Espagne). (shrink)

First Published on: 21 June 2007 To cite this Article: Ramachandran, Vilayanur S., McGeoch, Paul D., Williams, Lisa and Arcilla, Gerard (2007) 'Rapid Relief of Thalamic Pain Syndrome Induced by Vestibular Caloric Stimulation', Neurocase, 13:3, 185 - 188 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/13554790701450446 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554790701450446..

Este estudio examina la frecuencia de colocaciones gramaticales verbo + preposición en aprendientes anglófonos de Español como Lengua Extranjera de nivel A2 y B1 bajo el modelo de Análisis Contrastivo de la Interlengua. Para ello, se implementa una tipología colocacional sustentada en un criterio de fijación intermedia de estas unidades. Los resultados muestran mayor frecuencia en el nivel B1, pero no en la variedad de unidades, y un mayor número de usos correctos que en A2. Respecto de las diferencias encontradas (...) según el patrón sintáctico-semántico, las variables competencia, complejidad del patrón y temáticas aparecen como factores importantes para explicarlas en el contexto del corpus de aprendientes examinado. Este trabajo aporta al estudio de las ColGram v+p, y de otros tipos en ELE. (shrink)

Resumen: Este estudio examina la frecuencia de colocaciones gramaticales verbo + preposición en aprendientes anglófonos de Español como Lengua Extranjera de nivel A2 y B1 bajo el modelo de Análisis Contrastivo de la Interlengua. Para ello se implementa una tipología colocacional sustentada en un criterio de fijación intermedia de estas unidades. Los resultados muestran mayor frecuencia en el nivel B1, pero no en la variedad de unidades, y un mayor número de usos correctos que en A2. Respecto de las diferencias (...) encontradas según el patrón sintáctico-semántico, las variables competencia, complejidad del patrón y temáticas aparecen como factores importantes para explicarlas en el contexto del corpus de aprendientes examinado. Este trabajo aporta al estudio de las ColGram v+p, y de otros tipos en ELE.: This study examines the frequency of grammatical collocations verb + preposition in L1-English learners of Spanish as a Foreign Language of levels A2 and B1 under the model of Interlanguage Contrastive Analysis. To this end, a collocational typology based on a criterion of intermediate fixedness was implemented. The results show higher frequency in level B1, but not in the variety of the units, and a greater number of correct uses than in A2. Regarding found differences according to syntactic and semantic pattern, the variables of competence, pattern complexity and theme appear to play an important role in their explanation in the context of the learners’ corpus examined. This work contributes to the study of GramCol v+p and other types in SFL. (shrink)

A printing of the lecture notes of a course on moral philosophy that Perelman taught for many years at the University of Brussels, which has not changed the simple oral style. As a sketch of the history of ethics the book is briefer than, but comparable to, René Le Senne’s Traité de morale générale and Jacques Maritain’s Moral Philosophy. A book for beginners, Perelman’s work offers a clear analysis of more than thirty ethical positions from the ancient, medieval, and (...) modern periods. (shrink)