Tourism e-commerce is a multidisciplinary research area that involves tourism management and e-commerce. This paper provides a review of 1960 scientific studies published over the past two decades (1999-2018). This study presents a multidisciplinary comparative study, namely, a systematic review of tourism e-commerce, aiming to provide a reference guide for researchers. Under the methodological framework of a domain analysis, this paper analysed the scientific outputs and visualized the co-cited references, burst keywords, keyword co-occurrences and topic characteristics of journals. The results (...) show that the tourism management discipline represents the main body of tourism e-commerce research and that this research demonstrates a rapid growth trend consistent with overall research. There are two main clusters of representative co-cited references in the tourism management discipline. However, in the e-commerce discipline, the distribution of co-cited references is scattered, lacking obvious cluster characteristics. The keyword co-occurrences in both disciplines present four themes, including network and information technology, consumer behaviour and social media as common themes. Tourism management journals can be divided into two categories, while e-commerce journals can be divided into three categories. Overall, the findings of this study can benefit researchers and practitioners. (shrink)

GIS is important equipment in the substation system in a complex microgrid network. Due to the long-term service in harsh operation environments, the electrical performance of GIS equipment will be seriously affected. Therefore, the regular maintenance of GIS equipment in the substation system is a routine task so as to ensure the normal operation of the microgrid networks. The traditional method relies on manual labor, where not only with the low operation efficiency but also regarding some maintenance, labors cannot reach (...) the inside of the GIS equipment, which seriously restricted the completion of GIS equipment maintenance operation. Based on the above analysis, a basic configuration of a GIS equipment maintenance robot with smart structure, convenient control, and stable motion characteristic has been proposed in this paper. Through the optimization design of the chassis adsorption system, the GIS inspection robot can achieve hanging and vertical adsorption inside the GIS equipment and some special motion status. In this way, the entire GIS equipment can be inspected without blind spots. Through establishing the mechanical model of the GIS inspection robot under the hanging and vertical motion state, the robustness and stability of the GIS inspection robot in the special status have been analyzed, and the corresponding GIS inspection robot robust stability motion control method has also been proposed. Finally, through the integrated design of mechanical system and hardware and software control system, the GIS inspection robot physical prototype system has been developed and the maintenance operation experiment has been carried out in Hunan Electric Power Company Maintenance Company through simulating the internal GIS equipment. The physical prototype can realize the basic movement and special movement in internal GIS equipment without any blind spots and complete the inspection task of GIS equipment operation; the movement of GIS robot is dexterous and stable in the whole operation process, which has strong robust stability. The research of GIS inspection robot in the complex microgrid networks has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the intelligent operation and maintenance management of substation system in complex microgrid networks. (shrink)

The target article by David Alfandre et al. offers a new ethical framework to guide COVID-19 contingency surge planning and response, and applies this ethical framework to three case example...

This review aims at investigating the related studies on the role of teacher burnout and teacher apprehension in learners’ academic achievement. The negative effect of teacher burnout on learners’ academic achievement has been corroborated in the review of the literature. Furthermore, the effect of teacher apprehension on learners’ academic success has not been widely studied. However, some stressors such as having insufficient L2 knowledge, cultural differences, and classroom management problems can affect learners’ academic achievements. Finally, the pedagogical implications are illuminated (...) for teachers, administrators, researchers, managers, teacher trainers, and counselors to decrease teacher burnout and apprehension and to develop language teaching quality in the language educational system. Some suggestions for further research are also provided to expand the current literature on teacher burnout and apprehension in English as a Foreign Language contexts. (shrink)

本书聚焦于第一批判,对其中的哲学概念,术语进行辑录,比类,翻译和集校.注重从德文原著出发,致力于把第一手的康德,原汁原味的康德交给读者,为研究康德者提供一本相对完备的专业辞书.

本书所编选的文章,是作者从事伦理学的教学和科研工作40多年来,在伦理道德建设方面潜心研究的成果。大体分为以下几个方面:伦理学基本理论研究、中国传统伦理思想研究、现实道德问题研究等。.

本书从理解与解释的本体论、认识论和方法论三个层次的关系中理解科学解释,解释自然科学与人文、社会科学解释的辨证关系;探讨了科学解释的可能性条件,回答了科学解释何以可能的问题;阐释了科学文本的概念,拓展了 定律解释的标准模式等。.

Our fourteenth year of publication begins with an exceptional expansion of our sense of philosophy’s powers and resources. In our special featured article, Brian Schroeder’s groundbreaking essay, “...

勞思光、牟宗三、葛瑞漢、華靄仁、安樂哲， 探究當代孟學家學術理解之差異， 透過思想省察及文獻分析等方式，重釋及廓清《孟子》研究的爭議性課題。 中國儒家經典《孟子》，向來被研究得最廣泛、透澈卻又似乎未能獲致研究者共同認定的一致性成果。由於研究者的學養背景相異，援引的哲學路數不同，使得《孟子》研究呈現出理解上的莫衷一是及多元歧見的情況。 本書針對當代學者有關《孟子》研究的爭議性課題，試圖透過思想史的省察及文獻分析等方式予以廓清與重釋。首先，作者立基於《孟子》的歷史發展脈絡，並掌握經典文獻語義及架構價值。其次，藉由學術研究成績斐然的勞思 光先生與當代新儒家的重要代表人物牟宗三先生，對於《孟子》詮釋的差異性作比較與省思，深刻觸及了儒家哲學的內在問題。接著，探究葛瑞漢、華靄仁以及安樂哲三位漢學家，何以因為迥異的思維而產生不同的學術理解。最 後，疏理傳統與當代及西方詮釋孟學所引發的爭議。全書既省察當代孟學詮釋，並對比其論述脈絡，是一本孟學及儒學研究者必備專書。.

本书探讨了元代儒学学派与诗文流派之间的互动关系。全书分为上下两编，上编为总论部分，对南宋金元时期学术变迁与派别分化、学术与诗文的联动、理学门派传承与诗文流派的生成加以宏观性论述；同时重点考察了许衡与元 代中州文派、刘因与元代北方文派、许谦与元代金华文派、李齐贤与元代高丽文派等的儒学承传和文学创作。下编为考证部分，汇辑了元代高丽士人李齐贤研究资料，并考撰了“元代中朝（韩）越日间文学活动编年”。.

v. 1. Li ze xue -- v. 2. Yu zhou lun xin li xue -- v. 3 Xing shang xue.

This paper provides an analysis of the complex global reproduction networks driving the rapidly expanding cross-border surrogacy industry in Asia’s reproductive bioeconomy. It sheds light on the unique features of informal surrogacy networks, notable for their flexible business ties and non-standardized surrogate mother recruitment. These factors contribute to heightened vulnerability for surrogate mothers operating within these networks. While previous literature has underscored the merits of labor law in regulating the surrogacy industry, its application in informal cross-border surrogacy remains under-examined. To (...) address this gap, this research delves into innovative labor law strategies with potential to better regulate the surrogacy sector. Drawing inspiration from progressive labor regulations and supply chain strategies in Bulgaria and Australia, the proposed model aims to redefine the traditional employment relationship. This shift is aimed at bolstering protection for surrogate mothers and enforcing accountability throughout the surrogacy business network. The model further advocates for a collective framework that fosters collaboration and mandates the documentation and registration of surrogacy contracts. Moreover, it underscores the critical significance of international collaboration in bridging regulatory gaps and distributing accountability across consumer and supply states. (shrink)

This paper explores Zha Changping’s humanistic criticism of pioneering Chinese art as a new paradigm in art criticism after the postmodern disintegration of traditional art history with its linear art history writing. It introduces the “seven forming factors” at the heart of Zha’s “world relational aesthetics,” which, on one hand, gauges the pulse of the time, while on the other hand seeking to uncover the underlying relational logic informing this generation of pioneering artists’ intellectual outlook and artistic output.

Independent narration in Chinese philosophy has gone through the process of interpretation, critical differentiation, dialogue, and original thought, and so is a creative activity that surpasses the conjunctive pattern of universality and particularity. In modern Confucian studies, there has always been a tension between philosophical and historical explanations, which suggests a tension between ecumenical and indigenous experiences. Critical differentiation itself only has methodological significance, and is not a goal in itself. China’s development and strength has encouraged China to engage in (...) philosophical dialogue with the West. It is the task and direction of future philosophical creativity to face the contemporary existence, re-construct Confucianism’s relationship with modern life, and respond in a metaphysical and positive manner to the challenges imposed by modernity. (shrink)

本书作者通过对中国哲学史上的天、命、阴阳、五行、感应、时、经权、常变、新民、亲民等著名而重要的哲学概念、命题、观念的梳理,勾画出中国思维的基本品质。.

Recent political theory has seen a revived interest in theorizing the political party, and, in particular, exploring what the political party can do to address its decline and revitalize itself. This renewed interest, however, draws largely on the political praxis of party politics of established liberal democracies in the United States and Europe. In this article, I bring Chinese thinker Wang Hui’s (Maoist) party theory into the conversation. By engaging Wang’s party theory, I demonstrate how we can understand party decline (...) in nonliberal democratic countries with revolutionary legacies. I then analyze Wang’s solution to the decline of the revolutionary party, which focuses on the intricate relationship between individualistic charismatic politics and party politics. Finally, through reading Wang in and beyond the Chinese context, I show the problems with Wang’s theory and discuss how it can learn from the party-movement relationship in other contexts. (shrink)