At the annual conference of The American Psychiatric Association (APA) in Miami, there was a workshop entitled "Family Crisis". The results of a study said that in the last 30 years, 60% of families in the United States ended in divorce, and 70% of their children did not develop well, behave deviant or antisocial. For example seen juvenile delinquency, abuse of NAZA (Narcotics, Alcohol, and other Addictive Substances), promiscuity, deviant sexual behavior and so on. It was also stated that divorce (...) rates are increasing, marriages are decreasing because many people choose to live together without marriage or single life and free sex. Disloyalty (abuse) among families in the US turned out not to be the monopoly of husbands alone, but 40% of the wives there were also involved in affair with third parties. Of the five marriages in the first five years, three divorces occurred. The author gives the purpose of writing to discuss the crisis in the household, rebuild the household and give Christian values ​​in counteracting divorce. The author uses descriptive literature research method data and provides research results: How a harmonious family can be established dynamically if we base our family building on the basis of strong Christian spirituality values ​​accompanied by a fabric of good communication between us and our children. Surprisingly few studies have explored the implications of divorce happened because family can not be established, especially in young adulthood. This study addresses several theoretical arguments linking divorce in the side of spiritual value with reduced religious involvement in young adulthood and tests relevant hypotheses using data from a unique sample. Results show that divorce in the side of spiritual value is associated with substantially lower communicate religious involvement among young adults in their families house. (shrink)

What do people consciously experience when they read? There has been almost no rigorous research on this question, and opinions diverge radically among both philosophers and psychologists. We describe three studies of the phenomenology of reading and its relationship to memory of textual detail and general cognitive abilities. We find three main results. First, there is substantial variability in reports about reading experience, both within and between participants. Second, reported reading experience varies with passage type: passages with dialogue prompted increased (...) reports of inner speech, while passages with vivid visual detail prompted increased reports of visual imagery. Third, reports of visual imagery experiences, inner speech experiences, and experiences of conscious visual perception of the words on the page were at best weakly related to general cognitive abilities and memory of visual and auditory details. (shrink)

Un mouvement environnemental sans précédent a pris forme lorsque le gouvernement du Bangladesh a projeté la construction d’une centrale à charbon à 14 km des Sundarbans, la plus grande mangrove du monde. Plusieurs experts, dont certains de l’Unesco, ont indiqué que les déchets et la fumée de la centrale menaceraient la forêt et sa biodiversité. Malgré cela, le gouvernement persiste dans son intention de mener à bien le projet en fonction des intérêts de certains groupes au pouvoir. Le mouvement a (...) débuté discrètement en 2012 et est devenu massif par la suite. En 2017, il a réussi à mobiliser la mouvance du militantisme écologique et certaines organisations internationales. Il s’agissait de faire pression sur le gouvernement pour qu’il abandonne le projet d’usine. Cet article décrit l’évolution du mouvement, ses principaux acteurs, sa portée mondiale ainsi que sa situation actuelle. (shrink)

Public debates on reality television often address the display of emotion and immoral conduct. Television scholars have recently proposed that while reality television offers its audience an opportunity to learn valuable lessons, they rarely address the issue of the morality of the genre. In this contribution, we analyze the display of emotion and immoral conduct in the Dutch reality show The Golden Cage. Reality television is viewed as constituting a ‘moral laboratory’. The question guiding our research revolved around the kind (...) of exercise this moral laboratory provides for. A dramaturgical study of the display of actions and emotions as part of participant “projects” was used to answer this question. Results indicate that moral issues and emotions were continuously at stake, and immoral conduct appeared to be coupled with pleasurable emotions. It is concluded that the laboratory of The Golden Cage is at least equally suited for exercising autonomy and identity performance under competitive pressure as it is for the simulation of moral conflicts. (shrink)

Im Rahmen der Tönnies-Gesamtausgabe nimmt der Band 2 eine Sonderstellung ein. Er gehört ausschließlich dem bis auf heute wirkungsreichen Hauptwerk „Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft", zuerst erschienen 1887. Mit dieser Schrift begründet Ferdinand Tönnies die Soziologie erstmals als eigenständige deutsche Wissenschaft. Als „Grundbegriffe der reinen Soziologie" entfaltet er darin die Gegensätzlichkeit von Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft und erklärt das Auseinandertreten beider Formen des Soziallebens mit einer elaborierten Willenstheorie. Die kritische Edition dieses vielfach publizierten Klassikers der Soziologie dokumentiert erstmals alle einschlägigen Textzeugen vom ersten (...) handschriftlichen Konzept von 1880 bis hin zur Ausgabe letzter Hand von 1935. Besonders eindringlich spiegelt sich die wechselvolle Werkgeschichte in den stets neu verfassten Einleitungen, die Tönnies den acht Auflagen zwischen 1887 und 1935 voranstellt und die als gewichtige Werkbestandteile zusammen mit ihrem frühesten Entwurf und den zurückgehaltenen späteren Fassungen vollständig wiedergegeben werden. Im Zentrum der Edition steht der auf Basis der Handschrift erstmals kritisch annotierte und mit umfassendem Variantenapparat versehene Text der Ausgabe letzter Hand. (shrink)

The knowledge and information systems (KIS) perspective arose from reflections on agricultural development. In the health sector, it is not quite as common to think in terms of KIS. Yet in this complex field, in which health education and promotion play increasingly important roles, the KIS perspective might be very useful. In this article, the authors attempt to apply ideas about KIS and knowledge management to health, by paying attention to the historical development, especially of public health, and by exploring (...) the contribution these ideas could make to the field. Some of the observations made in this attempt are: upstream information flows often are developed poorly, interaction and exchange among the different KIS parties require ongoing stimulation, in special projects and complex communication situations, a system-integrator is needed. (shrink)

Nella voce dello Handwörterbuch der Soziologie del 1931 Tönnies riprende in forma sintetica i temi di Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. Definisce innanzitutto le modalità elementari di relazioni tra volontà: la conoscenza, la simpatia, la fi­ducia, fino al legame sociale e allo scambio; poi indica come oggetto proprio del­la sociologia le entità sociali che hanno un modo di esistenza simile a quell­lo degli dei. Torna la nota distinzione tra una volontà essenziale, immediata ma non irrazionale, e una volontà arbitraria, riflessiva e calcolatrice, (...) e tra due cor­rispondenti modi di azione. I rapporti sociali basati sui due generi di vo­lontà vengono riportati alle categorie di comunità e società. Il deperimento del­la vita sociale comunitaria coincide con il graduale avanzamento dell’in­di­vidualismo tipico della società civile.Tönnies resumes concisely the topics already discussed in Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft in an entry of the Handwörterbuch der Soziologie . Firstly, he defines the elementary modes of relationship among wills: knowledge, sympathy, trust, up to social bond and exchange. He then indicates social entities, which have a way of being analogous to gods’ one, as the proper object of sociology. The well-known distinction between an essential will and an arbitrary will , and the two corresponding types of action, is also brought back. Social ties based on the two kinds of will are traced back to the categories of community and society. The decline of communitarian social life is seen as coincident with the gradual growth of individualism, which is characteristic of civil society. (shrink)

Discussing the new book of Bosse, the author studies the significance and foundation of the so-called „right to work“. In contradiction to Bosse's ideas, the significance of the „right to work“ seems to the author to be essentially a matter of social legislation, and he thinks that the first step in its realization would have to be a further development of the system of social insurance. According to T., the „right to work“ is one of the most advanced ideas in (...) social legislation, an idea that was brushed aside immediately after the counter-currents of today asserted themselves.Dans une discussion du nouveau livre de Bosse, Tauteur recherche la signification et le fondement de ce que Ton appelle „le droit au travail“. En opposition avec Bosse, il lui semble que le contenu du droit au travail est essentiellement un problème de politique sociale et un plus grand développement du système d’assurances est à ses yeux le meilleur moyen d’aborder ce problème. Tönnies tient le droit au travail pour un des postes les plus avancés d’une politique sociale progressive, poste qui a été emporté tout d’abord par le courant contraire qui domine actuellement. (shrink)

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) - Mathematiker, Staatstheoretiker und Philosoph - gilt als der Begründer des aufgeklärten Absolutismus. Als Wunderkind hochgelobt, studierte Hobbes in Oxford Logik und Physik. Auf mehrfachen Auslandsreisen machte er unter anderem mit einflussreichen und wichtigen Persönlichkeiten wie Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Marin Mersenne und Pierre Gassendi Bekanntschaft. Ferdiand Tönnies (1855-1936), ein deutscher Soziologe und Philosoph, beleuchtet in diesem Werk das eindrucksvolle Leben und Werk eines Mannes, der die politische Ideengeschichte maßgeblich prägte.