This article explores pupils’ responses to addressed questions in two third-year primary school classes, organized as plenary interaction and based on the next-speaker selection. In this context, unaddressed pupils often produce responses of various kinds spontaneously, showing that the next-speaker selection per se does not exclude unaddressed pupils from participating. Analysis of the design and position of these responses show their orderly nature as mainly depending on the following dimensions: the position of the address term in the question and who (...) has primary access to answers. Pupils’ responses display a high level of awareness of the next-speaker selection rule operating in this setting, and more globally, of the turn-taking system. This competence enables pupils to understand and navigate the other-selection rule, often gaining their right to speakership. In line with prior studies on multiparty interactions, the article shows that teachers’ questions pose multiple constraints on responses. (shrink)

This article examines two uses of third-person references — pronouns such as `he/she/they' or category terms such as `mother, father', etc. — as produced during first-visit encounters between formerly unacquainted guests and a family group. Members of the family use this practice to refer to another family member in a locally subsequent position, adjacent to a self-oriented turn by that same referrent. Two main functions are investigated: teasing and clarifications. It is pointed out that, besides employing the same practice and (...) being deployed in a locally subsequent position, both activities have a number of other features in common, whereby teasing gets constructed as if doing clarification. In this way, family members provide alternative versions of the same description of events as the prior adjacent turn, designing the teasing activity as an information-giving activity to the guests' benefit. Thus, family members display a privileged access to the events that have been described and propose themselves as knowledgeable about the group and its life; a type of knowledge grounded in their having family ties. (shrink)

Soilless crops are commonly used in rooftop agriculture because they easily adapt to building constraints. However, acceptance of the produce derived from this system may be controversial. This paper evaluates consumers’ acceptance of food from RA in Mediterranean cities, focusing on the quality of the product, production system, and consumers’ motivations. We surveyed 238 respondents on the UAB university campus as potential consumers. The survey was distributed via an Internet-link that was provided along with a sample of tomatoes from RA. (...) The results showed that most people approved the quality of RA products and perceived them to be local and fresh. The respondents exhibited acceptance of soilless-produced tomatoes and considered them to be environmentally better than conventionally produced ones. Cluster analysis revealed that consumers with high income levels and a university education had a better perception of the quality and proposed a higher price for RA products, but no difference was found regarding their environmental perception of this products. Moreover, people who possessed more information about the product also had a higher perception of the quality and production system and would pay more for them. The main concerns of consumers were related to food safety and the social impact of RA. Additional research is needed to improve the sustainability of RA, and the applied measures should be communicated to potential consumers to enhance their acceptance and success. (shrink)

En raison du lien direct et conventionnel entre le signifiant et le référent qui caractérise la catégorie du nom propre, celle-ci est affranchie de contraintes linguistiques visibles permettant sa délimitation. L’hétérogénéité résultant de cette particularité augmente lorsqu’il est considéré que cette dernière n’est pas incompatible avec une opérativité sémantique sous-jacente du signifiant, tant que cette opérativité n’interfère pas dans la désignation du référent et que la fonction de la dénomination est l’identification de celui-ci au sein d’une classe. Dans l’objectif d’attribuer (...) une cohérence à l’organisation interne de cette catégorie, nous proposons d’appréhender la diversité de ses membres par le biais d’une approche graduelle et bipolaire dans laquelle l’opposition nom propre vs nom commun est centrale. Cette approche a été transposée à deux des caractéristiques qui ont une incidence sur la typicalité des noms propres : la forme et la fonction sémantico-référentielle sous-jacente du signifiant. La structuration des occurrences de la transcription de l’émission C dans l’Air par ce biais est l’occasion de présenter les particularités de cette approche graduelle et bipolaire, ainsi que ses écueils et avantages. (shrink)

The way of coding letter position has been extensively assessed during the recognition of native words, leading to the development of a new generation of models that assume more flexible letter position coding schemes compared to classical computational models such as the interactive activation model. However, determining whether similar letter position encoding mechanisms occur during the bilingual word recognition has been largely less explored despite its implications for the leading model of bilingual word recognition as it assumes the input-coding scheme (...) of the IA model. In this study, we aimed to examine this issue through the manipulation of the position of the deviant letter of cognate words. Two experiments were conducted with Catalan–Spanish bilinguals and their respective monolingual controls. The results revealed a differential processing for the first letter in comparison to the other letters as well as modulations as a function of language cue, suggesting amendments to the input-coding scheme of the multilink model. (shrink)

De Bie et al. (2023) introduces a framework to conceptualize ethical issues based on four different domains, but the problem lies in the domains being falsely bounded. Apart from the step from doma...

The aim of this article is to discuss and illustrate the grammaticalization process and the polysemic and polyfunctional nature of the Spanish and Catalan markers la verdad and la veritat, from an original objectified referential meaning of the forms to a highly subjectified procedural meaning of the markers. The pragmatic meaning of these markers stems from the loss of semantic features and the different uses that they can adopt in a variety of syntactic and pragmatic contexts, where their subjective, evaluative, (...) and intensifying modal dimensions are fully manifested. In lexical terms, they are noun phrases that can take variable and invariable forms. In morphological terms, the variable form is inflected in number and has a referential value, whereas the invariable form, prosodically extraposed, or followed by a verbal predicate when working as pragmatic marker, is always uninflected and is polyfunctional, with a procedural value. When followed by a verbal predicate, la verdad and la veritat acquire a structural dimension, besides their modal illocutionary one, being used as boundary markers that separate description of facts from first person evaluation, in a monologued stretch of discourse. In an interactional context, the marker frequently prefaces counter expectations. In order to show its grammaticalization process, I will discuss and exemplify their role as evidential marker with a truth-attesting value, epistemic modality markers used to introduce the speaker’s attitude to the content of the proposition or to the addressee in the context of an utterance, intensifiers or boosters used to modify the illocutionary force of a speech act, and discourse boundary markers used to delimit real-world facts from personal opinion. In order to account for their polysemic and polyfunctional dimensions, I will propose salient meanings and prototypical functions. (shrink)

Autoscopic phenomena are complex experiences that include the visual illusory reduplication of one’s own body. From a phenomenological point of view, we can distinguish three conditions: autoscopic hallucinations, heautoscopy, and out-of-body experiences. The dysfunctional pattern involves multisensory disintegration of personal and extrapersonal space perception. The etiology, generally either neurological or psychiatric, is different. Also, the hallucination of Self and own body image is present during dreams and differs according to sleep stage. Specifically, the representation of the Self in REM dreams (...) is frequently similar to the perception of Self in wakefulness, whereas in NREM dreams, a greater polymorphism of Self and own body representation is observed. The parallels between autoscopic phenomena in pathological cases and the Self-hallucination in dreams will be discussed to further the understanding of the particular states of self awareness, especially the complex integration of different memory sources in Self and body representation. (shrink)

This article explores the role that markers play in the pragmatic discourse structure of Catalan and English oral narratives. It is argued that their meaning is directly related to the sort of coherence relation that they establish with preceding and following propositions and discourse segments, centring the discussion on four discourse structures/components: ideational, rhetorical, sequential and inferential. The aim is to show the textual form-pragmatic function relationship by means of specific lexical units placed at specific parts of the narrative. The (...) hypothesis held in this article is that pragmatic markers help in the organization of narrative segments and that their semanticopragmatic traits make them appropriate for their use in specific segments. (shrink)

Le livre de Loredana Mancini est le deuxième volume de la collection “Antropologia del Mondo Antico. Collana del Centro di Antropologia del Mondo Antico dell’Università di Siena”, dirigée par Maurizio Bettini. L’auteur est chercheuse spécialisée en iconographie de l’art ancien et en histoire de l’archéologie, ce qui explique l’inclusion à la fin du livre d’un catalogue de 152 monuments qui offrent des images, fragmentaires ou entières, de sirènes antiques et médiévales, accompagnées ou non de...

Association où prédomine l’Apollinisme, le Pythagorisme se marginalise en pays grec par le refus (sélectif) du sacrifice sanglant et de la consommation de la viande, par une règle de vie très impérative et par des révélations religieuses et intellectuelles qui relèvent d’une initiation. Considérant que la philosophie - « l’effort vers la sagesse » - est une ascèse qui permet de purifier les âmes et corrélativement les corps, il accorde à l’acquisition des savoirs scientifiques - les mathématiques, l’astronomie, la musique, (...) la médecine - une place essentielle dans la relation qu’il établit avec le divin. Parce qu’il s’est voulu dès l’origine association ouverte aux deux sexes, le Pythagorisme a permis à quelques femmes d’accéder aux savoirs scientifiques, à la parole et à l’écriture. Immergées dans un monde qui considérait que l’accès à la philosophie représentait pour les femmes une trangression des limites propres à leur sexe et donc des risques de débordement sexuel et de perversion, les Pythagoriciennes ont tenu à démontrer dans leurs écrits que les femmes savantes étaient, plus que les autres, de bonnes épouses, de bonnes mères et de bonnes maîtresses de maison. C’est à ces propos, récupérés par la morale chrétienne et amputés bien sûr du contexte qui leur donnait sens, qu’elles doivent de figurer dans les Traités sur les femmes illustres. (shrink)

Association où prédomine l’Apollinisme, le Pythagorisme se marginalise en pays grec par le refus (sélectif) du sacrifice sanglant et de la consommation de la viande, par une règle de vie très impérative et par des révélations religieuses et intellectuelles qui relèvent d’une initiation. Considérant que la philosophie - « l’effort vers la sagesse » - est une ascèse qui permet de purifier les âmes et corrélativement les corps, il accorde à l’acquisition des savoirs scientifiques - les mathématiques, l’astronomie, la musique, (...) la médecine - une place essentielle dans la relation qu’il établit avec le divin. Parce qu’il s’est voulu dès l’origine association ouverte aux deux sexes, le Pythagorisme a permis à quelques femmes d’accéder aux savoirs scientifiques, à la parole et à l’écriture. Immergées dans un monde qui considérait que l’accès à la philosophie représentait pour les femmes une trangression des limites propres à leur sexe et donc des risques de débordement sexuel et de perversion, les Pythagoriciennes ont tenu à démontrer dans leurs écrits que les femmes savantes étaient, plus que les autres, de bonnes épouses, de bonnes mères et de bonnes maîtresses de maison. C’est à ces propos, récupérés par la morale chrétienne et amputés bien sûr du contexte qui leur donnait sens, qu’elles doivent de figurer dans les Traités sur les femmes illustres. (shrink)

Objetivo general: Analizar la evolución del estudio de las necesidades humanas desde los autores clásicos hasta los teóricos actuales. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de las necesidades humanas desde distintas perspectivas de las ciencias sociales. Resultados: En las grandes corrientes científicas que teorizan sobre las necesidades humanas, se observan distintas maneras de conceptualizarlas, aunque en su mayoría contemplan las necesidades como constructo social, que puede interpretarse vinculado al momento socio-histórico.

Arbitrariness is a distinctive feature of human language, and a growing body of comparative work is investigating its presence in animal communication. But what is arbitrariness, exactly? We propose to distinguish four notions of semiotic arbitrariness: a notion of opaque association between sign forms and semiotic functions, one of sign‐function mapping optionality, one of acquisition‐dependent sign‐function coupling, and one of lack of motivatedness. We characterize these notions, illustrate the benefits of keeping them apart, and describe two reactions to our proposal: (...) abandoning arbitrariness‐talk in favor of the newly introduced conceptual vocabulary, or feeding the distinctions back into the parent concept. (shrink)