Se realizó un trabajo de educación en valores humanos con métodos participativos en estudiantes del nuevo modelo formativo de Enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey en la Filial de Nuevitas, para la ejecución de la tarea se capacitó a profesores y tutores, objetivo por el cual se diseñó la estrategia educativa. Se enunciaron las dificultades del objeto de investigación, resultado del diagnóstico aplicado, se confirmó la ausencia de estrategia educativa en el uso de métodos participativos con tal (...) fin, y la necesidad del diseño. Se utilizaron las etapas dirigidas a la capacitación, la sensibilización, la planificación, la valoración y el control de la ejecución del sistema de acciones con el colectivo pedagógico para el perfeccionamiento de la educación en valores con estos métodos. A teaching work based on human values with the implementation of participatory methods was carried out for Nursing students of the new training model at the seat of the Medical University of Camagüey in Nuevitas. Tutors and professors were trained to put this task into practice, reason why the teaching strategy was designed. The difficulties of the research object as a result of the applied diagnosis were set out. The lack of a teaching strategy in the use of participatory methods for this purpose, and the need of the design were stated. Stages aimed at training, awareness-raising, planning, assessment and control of the system of actions implementation with the pedagogical team in order to improve values education with these methods, were used. (shrink)

IntroductionDuring the Coronavirus pandemic, a set of daily stressors are being experienced, all this affects people’s mental health, leading them to have a set of emotional disturbances. Little is known about how people’s age can influence their emotional well-being in the face of prolonged stress generate by the pandemic.ObjectiveTo clarify the presence of emotional aspects such as emotional expressiveness and the frequency of positive and negative affections in people with different age in times of crisis.MethodsThe final sample included 297 Chileans (...) between 22 and 68 years old, recruited through an online survey with the appropriate written informed consent. The study was carried out when the pandemic was spreading in Chile.ResultsThe findings revealed age differences in emotional expressivity and the type of affections experienced. The expression of emotions was more affected by negative affections, the age and the gender of the people. While the avoidance of this emotional expression, by age and affections both positive and negative. Age was a significant predictor of emotional expressiveness.DiscussionFindings suggests that the associations between both variables, varied according to the age group of the people. Furthermore, this finding proposes that although older people are facing the persistent and serious threat of COVID-19, they show better emotional functioning. Which would help to better understand the interaction of both positive and negative life experiences in times of crisis. (shrink)

The traditional teaching style in which the teacher is in control and there is a submissive attitude in students is predominant in Mexico. The development of identity in preadolescence is subjected to social groups, which could develop interpersonal difficulties through the controlling teaching style. Although the fear of negative evaluation in students and competitive sport has been studied in education, relatively little research has been done in the area of physical education in relation to the controlling style. The purpose of (...) this study was to investigate the correlation and predictive relationship between controlling teaching and the fear of negative evaluation mediated by the frustration of the basic psychological needs, controlled motivation, and individualism/competitiveness through the theoretical framework of self-determination theory. Participants were 1132 students in the fifth and sixth grades in public elementary schools in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, with ages between 10 and 13. Results indicate the perceived controlling teaching style positively predicted the fear of negative evaluation in students of this study through BPN frustration, that is positively related to low-quality motivation, which is related to a higher level of individualism/competitiveness. This, in turn, is proven to be a predictor of the fear of negative evaluation. The results also discuss the promotion of the autonomy support style, avoiding the controlling teaching style, for the minimization of negative results related to the perception of fear and the development of student well-being both within and beyond the school context. (shrink)

Lower extremity non-contact soft tissue injuries are prevalent in elite futsal. The purpose of this study was to develop robust screening models based on pre-season measures obtained from questionnaires and field-based tests to prospectively predict LE-ST injuries after having applied a range of supervised Machine Learning techniques. One hundred and thirty-nine elite futsal players underwent a pre-season screening evaluation that included individual characteristics; measures related to sleep quality, athlete burnout, psychological characteristics related to sport performance and self-reported perception of chronic (...) ankle instability. A number of neuromuscular performance measures obtained through three field-based tests [isometric hip strength, dynamic postural control and lower extremity joints range of motion ] were also recorded. Injury incidence was monitored over one competitive season. There were 25 LE-ST injuries. Only those groups of measures from two of the field-based tests, as independent data sets, were able to build robust models [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score ≥0.7] to identify elite futsal players at risk of sustaining a LE-ST injury. Unlike the measures obtained from the five questionnaires selected, the neuromuscular performance measures did build robust prediction models. The inclusion in the same data set of the measures recorded from all the questionnaires and field-based tests did not result in models with significantly higher performance scores. The model generated by the UnderBagging technique with a cost-sensitive SMO as the base classifier and using only four ROM measures reported the best prediction performance scores. The models developed might help coaches, physical trainers and medical practitioners in the decision-making process for injury prevention in futsal. (shrink)

En “Elogio de la profanación”, Giorgio Agamben sitúa la religión como aquella instancia que separa la esfera divina y la mantiene inaccesible a los hombres: lo sagrado, de este modo, se constituiría como un campo inaccesible, segregado o separado de la esfera humana. Profanar, por el contrario, consistiría en levantar las barreras que instituye la separación, tanto en sus formas religiosas como seculares. Lo que analizamos en el texto es esta tensión entre separación y profanación, con el objetivo de mostrar (...) que existe en el pensamiento de Agamben todo un gesto filosófico que tiene que ver, precisamente, con la crítica de la separación. (shrink)

Once capitalism’s responsibility in the current ecological crisis is recognized, the necessary response of ecology and environmental activism is insufficient to access the essence of the techno-science that decides our way of inhabiting the planet. The “heideggerian” eco-dicy proposes from the critique of the metaphysical essence of the technique, a new understanding of dwelling that does justice to the different modalities of the living from the ontological difference in which our dwelling of the Earth finds its meaning.

In this article, I examine the moral dimensions of gender affirmation. I argue that the moral value of gender affirmation is rooted in what Iris Murdoch called loving attention. Loving attention is central to the moral value of gender affirmation because such affirmation is otherwise too fragile or insincere to have such value. Moral reasons to engage in acts that gender affirm derive from the commitment to give and express loving attention to trans people as a way of challenging their (...) marginalization. In the latter part of the paper, I will discuss how my arguments bear on recent arguments by Robin Dembroff and Daniel Wodak (2018) on the use of gender-neutral language. They argue that we have a duty not to use gender-specific pronouns for anyone. Their conclusion turns, in part, on a rejection of gender affirmation as a moral duty. The value of gender affirmation, rooted in our moral perception of trans people, should make us skeptical of this conclusion, in favor of a more nuanced and pluralistic approach to the ethics of gendering. (shrink)

Prácticamente toda la producción de Heidegger en relación con Schelling orbita en torno a las Investigaciones sobre la esencia de la libertad humana, y así lo hace también la literatura secundaria que se ocupa del tema. En este artículo queremos preguntarnos, sin embargo, por otros materiales menos conocidos, para preguntarnos hasta qué punto han ejercido también alguna influencia en el desarrollo del pensamiento de Heidegger. Podemos, efectivamente, ver, en la superación schellingiana del Idealismo de Fichte, un avance del Dasein de (...) SZ y, en la posición sistemática que la obra de arte adquiere en su filosofía, una cierta prefiguración de la filosofía del arte del Heidegger posterior. Pero será la liberación con respecto a la metafísica idealista, que se opera en la Filosofía de la Naturaleza de Schelling, lo que se nos revelará como la aportación más notable del pensamiento de este al de Heidegger. (shrink)

La presente nota crítica tiene como finalidad exponer y comentar las ideas fundamentales de la edición española del primer escrito de Jacques Derrida, El problema de la génesis en la filosofía de Husserl. Asimismo, hacemos algunas aclaraciones sobre el origen y significado de este escrito. Al concluir, añadimos algunas observaciones sobre la traducción y sobre el estudio final del editor y traductor Javier Bassas Vila sobre la filosofía del joven Derrida.

This article discusses C. E. Alchourrdn and E. Bulygin's ideas regarding the distinction between strong permission and weak permission. The author takes for granted that the distinction between the two terms should be placed at the level of the assertive metalanguage about norms. But the symbolizations and the definitions of strong and weak permissions offered by Alchourrdn and Bulygin, as well as their thesis concerning the relations between the two concepts are challenged.

The Minimum Description Length principle is the modernformalisation of Occam's razor. It has been extensively and successfullyused in machine learning, especially for noisy and long sources ofdata. However, the MDL principle presents some paradoxes andinconveniences. After discussing all these, we address two of the mostrelevant: lack of explanation and lack of creativity. We present newalternatives to address these problems. The first one, intensionalcomplexity, avoids extensional parts in a description, so distributingcompression ratio in a more even way than the MDL principle. (...) The secondone, information gain, forces that the hypothesis is informative wrt. the evidence, so giving a formaldefinition of what is to discover. (shrink)

The distinctive security features of the Spanish electronic national identity card, known as Documento Nacional de Identidad electrónico, allow us to propose the usage of this cryptographic smart card in an authentication framework that can be used during the registration and login phases of internet services where the validation of the user’s age and real identity are key elements, as it is the case for example of the so-called social networks. Using this mechanism with NFC-capable devices, the identity and age (...) of the potential user can be determined, allowing or denying the access to the service based on that information. (shrink)

Aims: Attentional bias, alcohol craving, and anxiety have important implications in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder. The current study aims to test the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Cue-Exposure Therapy to reduce levels of alcohol craving and anxiety and prompt changes in AB toward alcohol content.Method: A 49-year-old male participated in this study, diagnosed with severe AUD, who also used tobacco and illicit substances on an occasional basis and who made several failed attempts to cease substance misuse. (...) The protocol consisted of six VR-CET booster sessions and two assessment sessions over the course of 5 weeks. The VR-CET program consisted of booster therapy sessions based on virtual reality exposure to preferred alcohol-related cues and contexts. The initial and final assessment sessions were focused on exploring AB, alcohol craving, and anxiety using paper-and-pencil instruments and the eye-tracking and VR technologies at different time points.Results: Pre and post assessment sessions indicated falls on the scores of all instruments assessing alcohol craving, anxiety, and AB.Conclusions: This case report, part of a larger project, demonstrates the effectiveness of the VR-CET booster sessions in AUD. In the post-treatment measurements, a variety of instruments showed a change in the AB pattern and an improvement in craving and anxiety responses. As a result of the systematic desensitization, virtual exposure gradually reduced the responses to significant alcohol-related cues and contexts. The implications for AB, anxiety and craving are discussed. (shrink)

This paper presents two formation tracking control strategies for a combined set of single and double integrator agents with an arbitrary undirected communication topology. The first approach is based on the design of distance-based potential functions with interagent collision avoidance using local information about the distance and orientation between agents and the desired trajectory. The second approach adds signed area constraints to the desired formation specification and a control strategy that uses distance as well as area terms is designed to (...) achieve tracking convergence. Numerical simulations show the performance from both control laws. (shrink)

Primero repasaremos algunos de los múltiples interrogantes interpretativos que dejó abiertos la Crítica del Juicio de Kant, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a una eventual configuración definitiva del sistema de las facultades y el estatuto de la propia filosofía crítica. A continuación, nos centraremos en la filosofía estética de Schelling, tal como esta se desarrolla en su Sistema del Idealismo trascendental, donde el arte ofrece a la filosofía un producto que esta puede considerar como representación del conflicto dialéctico (...) entre las facultades kantianas. Las implicaciones de ello serán 1) un peculiar estatuto de lo bello, que aparece como representación de una imposibilidad esencial al discurso, 2) una reformulación del Yo como devenir, y 3) sustituir la filosofía por el arte. El progreso de este devenir no es lineal, de modo que la dialéctica representada en la obra de arte oscilará también entre el inicio y el final de la autoconciencia. (shrink)

La propuesta tiene como objetivo, plantear un modelo educativo sostenible respondiendo a las necesidades de los países en vías de desarrollo en materia de economía, sociedad, medio ambiente y cultura teniendo como principio fundamental el análisis de efectos que pueden poner en riesgo el bienestar de las generaciones futuras ante fenómenos como la escolaridad masiva, la correlación entre grado de estudio y movilidad social, los efectos de las subvenciones a fondo perdido en eldesarrollodeinnovacióntecnológica y no tecnológica y la preservación de (...) la cultura en los diferentes niveles educativos analizando las prospectivas de los modelos educativos; teniendo como directriz el Informe Brutland (1987) presentado en la comisión Mundial del Medio Ambiente y desarrollo de Naciones Unidas creada en 1983 y la Declaración en la sexagésimo novena sesión plenaria de naciones Unidas en 2010 sobre la cultura como cuarto pilar del desarrollo sostenible.Consecuentemente la propuesta tendrá como sustento los indicadores de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) de sus publicaciones de Education at a Glance 2014, Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013 y OECD Science, Technologyand Industry Scoreboard 2013, para efecto de realizar un análisis comparativo entre países en vías de desarrollo. (shrink)

En el presente texto me propongo mostrar cómo puede entenderse el concepto de ‘metafísica’, no como el estudio de algo “sobrenatural” o “más allá de lo físico”, sino como un estudio de segundo orden que tendría por objeto de análisis los hipotéticos principios fundamentales y modelos de dependencia de la realidad. En este sentido, más que sostener juicios taxativos acerca de lo que las cosas son o qué tipo de entidades existen, las reflexiones de la metafísica podrían entenderse como análisis (...) acerca de las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para que una teoría de primer orden explique un aspecto de la realidad —o toda ella en su conjunto— de la mejor manera posible. (shrink)

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) was convinced that without a new possibility for transcendence, democracies would be ill-prepared to allow for actual freedom. In Democracy in America, his study of the United States, he explained that when self-interest was enlightened, individuals would tend to identify their personal benefits with the well-being of the community. By transcending their individualistic tendency to self-enclose, they would contribute to forming and maintaining a real sovereignty of the people. However, unless the “doctrine of self-interest well understood” (...) was aided by a higher ideal, by itself it would eventually fall short, thus paving the way for new forms of despotism. Religion, and more specifically, reformed versions of Christianity, seemed to effectively elevate the outlook of the early Americans. As I will argue, however, Tocqueville ultimately held that those versions lacked the profundity and stability required to resist the strong materialistic and individualistic tendencies of people living in a democracy. Tocqueville’s apparent, if anxious-ridden, preference for Catholicism as the more adequate civil religion resonates with important aspects of Augustine’s theory of the Two Cities, the earthly and the heavenly city. For both Tocqueville and Augustine, the Roman Church’s stable doctrine was what could more successfully teach mankind the truth about their limited condition, hence making them more capable of learning the “art of being free.”. (shrink)

El agua como bien vital de todo ser vivo, ante un estado de vulnerabilidad, daño y/o riesgo puede manifestarse como conflicto socio ambiental. En el mapeo del conflicto se identifican diversos actores, sin embargo, un actor imprescindible son los miembros de la comunidad en el que emergen conflictos que deben ser gestionados para llevar a un consenso de bien común. El estudio de caso expuesto, aborda y describe elementos esenciales que deben ser previstos en la gestión y acuerdos de conflicto (...) entre miembros de ejidos, comunidades y/o pueblos indígenas desde la interpretación del lenguaje social y cultural. (shrink)

Do we empathize with the others because first we have recognized them as somehow equals, or do we recognize them as equals because first we have empathized with them? This article explores the relation between affective empathy, the moral recognition of the others, and personal identity. I defend that, to recognize others as valuable and act in line with this, one must be able to feel affective empathy for their situation, and, to do so, one has to 1) be curious (...) about them to surpass indifference, and 2) feel that your identity is not threatened by recognizing the others. Otherwise, rationalizations and justifications of antisocial behaviors would arise. Thus, I focus on how the construction of the self plays a key role in prosocial behaviors and the activation of affective empathy, which has been overlooked by moral philosophy in the debate on empathy. In order to do so, firstly, I explore cases where moral recognition is broken, secondly, I explore the dichotomic debate on the role of empathy for moral recognition and moral agency, and, thirdly, I try to enrich the debate by shifting the focus to the prerequisites to feel empathy, such as curiosity, a well-integrated self and healthy narcissism, addressing so how the construction of the self plays a key role in the possibility of empathizing with others and, therefore, in epistemic virtues and moral agency. As a result, I advocate the importance of psychological education for moral agency. (shrink)

Do we empathize with the others because first we have recognized them as somehow equals, or do we recognize them as equals because first we have empathized with them? This article explores the relation between affective empathy, the moral recognition of the others, and personal identity. I defend that, to recognize others as valuable and act in line with this, one must be able to feel affective empathy for their situation, and, to do so, one has to 1) be curious (...) about them to surpass indifference, and 2) feel that your identity is not threatened by recognizing the others. Otherwise, rationalizations and justifications of antisocial behaviors would arise. Thus, I focus on how the construction of the self plays a key role in prosocial behaviors and the activation of affective empathy, which has been overlooked by moral philosophy in the debate on empathy. In order to do so, firstly, I explore cases where moral recognition is broken, secondly, I explore the dichotomic debate on the role of empathy for moral recognition and moral agency, and, thirdly, I try to enrich the debate by shifting the focus to the prerequisites to feel empathy, such as curiosity, a well-integrated self and healthy narcissism, addressing so how the construction of the self plays a key role in the possibility of empathizing with others and, therefore, in epistemic virtues and moral agency. As a result, I advocate the importance of psychological education for moral agency. (shrink)

Our proposal is that there exists already a method in Husserl’s Logische Untersuchungen. Nevertheless, this method is operative, but not thematized. We characterize it as follows: analytic, descriptive, pure, reductive, intuitive, reflexive, variational and functional. Concerning Logische Untersuchungen, analysis of significations fulfills a strategic role of mediation between mathesis universalis’ analysis and phenomenology’s analysis. Finally, one of the leading features of Husserlian method is reflexion considered as anábasis of pneuma.

Este artículo nos adentra en el estudio de la figura de san Martín de Tours, el apóstol de la Galia, cuya influencia se deja sentir en toda Europa, especialmente en España. Se trata del primer santo no mártir después de la paz de Constantino. Resultó ser soldado por fuerza, obispo por obligación, monje por gusto. Representa un nuevo modelo de santidad. De eremita evoluciona a la vida cenobítica, como padre de monjes; y como obispo es el defensor civitatis además del (...) gran evangelizador del mundo rural de la Galia. A su alrededor se generan otros santos. Por otra parte, Tours es la ciudad en que comienza la via turonensis del célebre Camino de Santiago. El Apóstol Santiago y Martín de Tours comparten culto y compiten en santidad como grandes taumaturgos. (shrink)

El artículo propone abordar aspectos de la relación contemporánea entre sujeto y ciudad desde una perspectiva que combina algunos puntos de lo que se ha llamado el "pensamiento de la comunidad" (que concibe lo comunitario desde un punto de vista diferente al que se maneja habitualmente) con el cuest..

Aristóteles afirma en el De Anima que percibir consiste en recibir una forma sensible sin materia. Cuando Tomás de Aquino comenta este pasaje precisa la definición del Estagirita y sostiene que esa forma sensible posee una existencia intencional en el sujeto cognoscitivo. De esta manera, denomina inmutación espiritual al proceso por el cual un ente recibe una forma sensible que posee una existencia intencional. Los problemas respecto a la inmutación espiritual surgen cuando se estudia en profundidad su status ontológico, puesto (...) que en varias de sus obras el Aquinate declara que se trata de una inmutación inmaterial, pero en muchas afirma que es una inmutación material. El objetivo de este artículo es resolver esta aparente contradicción y demostrar que para Tomás de Aquino existe una gradación ontológica. (shrink)

A partir de los conceptos de carácter, virtud y amistad propuestos por la ética de la ficción de Wayne Booth, realizamos un análisis comparativo entre los efectos éticos provocados por el territorio y la música en las novelas Península, Península de Hernán Lara Zavala y en El llamado de los tunk’ules de Marisol Ceh Moo. Sugerimos que, a pesar de estar ante dos novelas que comparten el mismo contexto geo-histórico, los efectos éticos causados por el territorio y la música, bajo (...) la idea de Yucatán, guardan diferencias que ameritan llevar a cabo una co- ducción para dilucidar el tipo de compañía literaria que nos ofrecen. (shrink)

The term adaptive radiation has been recurrently used to describe evolutionary patterns of several lineages, and has been proposed as the main driver of biological diversification. Different definitions and criteria have been proposed to distinguish an adaptive radiation, and the current literature shows disagreements as to how radiating lineages should be circumscribed. Inconsistencies increase when authors try to differentiate a clade under adaptive radiation from clades evolving under ‘regular’ speciation with adaptation, a pattern anticipated and predicted by the evolutionary theory (...) in any lineage. The most important disagreement is as to which evolutionary rate authors analyze to characterize a radiation; a discussion embedded in a prevailing inability to provide mechanistic explanations of the relationship among evolutionary rates. The union of pattern and process in the same term, the inadequacy of reported null hypotheses, and the frequent use of ad hoc comparisons between lineages have also contributed to the lack of consensus. A rigorous use of available terms and the articulation of solid criteria with objective methodologies in distinguishing evolutionary patterns are imperative. Given the difficulties in detecting adaptation, the use of the ‘adaptive’ term to qualify a radiation should be avoided unless methodologically tested. As an unambiguous method to distinguish radiating lineages, the statistical detection of significant increases in taxonomic diversification rates on monophyletic lineages can be considered a distinctive signature of a radiation. After recognizing this pattern, causal hypotheses explaining them can be stated, as well as correlates with other rates of evolution. (shrink)

Resumen El respeto interpersonal es un valor social reconocido por todo tipo de culturas, pero cuyas características pueden diferir, no solo entre lenguas, sino también entre comunidades culturales dentro de una lengua. El presente trabajo se propone estudiar este valor social en situaciones comunicativas de consulta médica dentro de la comunidad cultural de Galicia (España), con el objetivo de profundizar en sus características, funciones sociales y manifestaciones comunicativas. La finalidad es obtener una caracterización ajustada al contexto sociocultural que pueda utilizarse (...) en el análisis de las actividades de imagen producidas durante la interacción hablada. Para ello, se ha recurrido a un cuestionario de hábitos sociales a los pacientes, entrevistas a los médicos y al análisis de una consulta médica. Los resultados muestran que, como en otras comunidades de habla y de práctica, el respeto se asocia con la amabilidad, pero también presenta características propias, como es, por parte del paciente, la consideración y aceptación a la autoridad científica del médico, y, por parte del médico, la consideración por el paciente al escucharle, hablarle con sinceridad, preocuparse por él/ella y ayudarle. (shrink)

La tesis de este trabajo es que las notas del narrador revelan la importancia y centralidad de la muerte de Jesús en el evangelio de Juan. Estas notas guían al lector para que descubra su significado y sus consecuencias. En primer lugar, se define el concepto de nota del narrador. A continuación se describen aquellas notas que se refieren a la muerte de Jesús en el relato. En un tercer momento se analiza el lugar que ocupan en la trama del (...) evangelio y el papel que desempeñan en ella. Por último, se explica cómo el narrador interpreta en estas notas la muerte de Jesús y relee de forma nueva y creativa visiones tradicionales, mostrando así una visión específica de la misma en el evangelio joánico. (shrink)

La encarnación del Verbo de Dios, que culmina en el misterio pascual de la muerte y resurección de Jesucristo, es el hecho fundamental y la novedad radial del Cristianismo. En la encarnación del Verbo, el Dios infinito y creador se autocomunica amorosamente a lo otro creado, para redención y divinización del hombre, para recapitulación del cosmos.