In this essay, I develop an affective account of subjectivity that draws on two important philosophers within the phenomenological tradition. Many claim that the philosophies of Emmanuel Levinas and Michel Henry are entirely opposed to one another. Levinas is typically thought of as a philosopher of transcendence, while Henry is typically thought of as a philosopher of immanence. By attending to the role that affect plays in the work of both thinkers, I demonstrate that traces of immanence can be located (...) in Levinas, while traces of transcendence can be located in Henry. What this account shows is that the self, because it is affective, is unique and set apart from the world, but also porous and open to being affected by others. (shrink)

In 1886, Nietzsche felt the need to exercise a retrospective look at the works he had written up to that point. Hence, the writing of a series of prefaces (Vorreden). They can be considered and read as a thematically unified textual body. Rereading them as a unified work allows us to recognise their value as an “auto-pathobiography”. In it, the concepts of health and illness occupy a central position that Nietzschean research has long been questioning. Nevertheless, in reflecting on health (...) and illness, in the Vorreden, Nietzsche also prepares the fundamental epistemological move that will enable him to gradually and increasingly shift his speculative focus from the autoanalytical and biographical to the genealogical plane and authorise him to look at his main object of research, the moral phenomenon, as no other thinker had done before. (shrink)

Resumo: A expressão “moralidade do costume” aparece pela primeira vez em Aurora e é significativamente reproduzida em Para a genealogia da moral. Uma pesquisa dos textos nos quais tal expressão é utilizada revela sua centralidade no estudo genealógico nietzschiano, e como ela está ligada a uma decisiva comparação com a filosofia prática de Kant.: The expression “morality of custom” first appears in Daybreak and is significantly reproduced in the Genealogy of Morality. A study of texts in which such an expression (...) is used reveals its centrality in the Nietzschean genealogical approach, as well as how it is linked to a decisive comparison with Kant's practical philosophy. (shrink)

The contemporary research on "meta-function", closely associated with names as Breton, Ricoeur, Greisch, is located in continuity with the traditional question on metaphysics, which metaphysics itself has posed in its historical development starting from Aristotle, followed by the exegetical readings in the late antiquity, in the Arabic philosophy and in the Scholasticism. The analysis of meta-function as peculiar character of metaphysics highlights the double movement of transcendence and immanence, of going beyond and coming back. It shows how metaphysics overcomes physis (...) to rediscover it in a formal way on a deeper ontological level by posing the question about "being as being", which is not a natural object. In this way metaphysics displays its eidetical nature according to which metaphysics and phenomenology no longer appear as opposed in front of phenomena. (shrink)

It is estimated that 300,000 children 0–14 years of age are diagnosed with cancer worldwide each year. While the absolute risk of cancer in children is low, it is the leading cause of death due to disease in children in high‐income countries. In spite of this, the etiologies of pediatric cancer are largely unknown. Environmental exposures have long been thought to play an etiologic role. However, to date, there are few well‐established environmental risk factors for pediatric malignancies, likely due to (...) technical barriers in collecting biological samples prospectively in pediatric populations for direct measurements. In this review, we propose the use of novel or underutilized biospecimens (dried blood spots and teeth) and molecular approaches for exposure assessment (epigenetics, metabolomics, and somatic mutational profiles). Future epidemiologic studies of pediatric cancer should incorporate novel exposure assessment methodologies, data on molecular features of tumors, and a more complete assessment of gene‐environment interactions. (shrink)

, from Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.

All’interno del dialogo _Della Dignità e Nobiltà delle Donne _(1622), Cristoforo Bronzini afferma con decisione che numerose donne nel corso della storia si sono distinte nell’ambito della scrittura, a dispetto di obsoleti pregiudizi: l’articolo si propone di indagare le modalità con le quali Bronzini declina il paradigma della differenza di genere, offrendo nello specifico una breve panoramica sulle scrittrici umanistico-rinascimentali che l’autore propone come massimi _exempla_ _virtutis_.

Cornelio Lanci si avvale di sei trattati degli _Esempi della virtù delle donne_ per testimoniare l’_humanitas_ _ante litteram_ di Zenobia, sovrana dell’impero d’Oriente ai tempi di Aureliano. L’articolo si propone di indagare le possibili fonti cui l’urbinate attinse per approntare le sue personali riscritture delle gloriose imprese della regina di Palmira.

The Standard View is that, other things equal, speakers’ judgments about the meanings of sentences of their language are correct. After all, we make the meanings, so how wrong can we be about them? The Standard View underlies the Elicitation Method, a typical method in semantic fieldwork, according to which we should work out the truth-conditions of a sentence by eliciting speakers’ judgments about its truth-value in different situations. I put pressure on the Standard View and therefore on the Elicitation (...) Method: for quite straightforward reasons, speakers can be radically mistaken about meanings. -/- Lewis gave a theory of convention in a game-theoretic framework. He showed how conventions could arise from repeated coordination games, and, as a special case, how meanings could arise from repeated signaling games. I put pressure on the Standard View by building on Lewis’s framework. I construct coordination games in which the players can be wrong about their conventions, and signaling games in which the players can be wrong about their messages’ meanings. The key idea is straightforward: knowing your own strategy and payoff needn’t determine what the others do, so leaves room for false beliefs about the convention and meanings. The examples are simple, explicit, new in kind, and based on an independently plausible meta-semantic story. (shrink)

v. 1 Saggi sulla teoria della conoscenza. t.1.Saggio primo: Sui limiti e l'oggetto della conoscenza a priori.--t.2 Filosofia della metafisica parte prima - La causa efficiente.

Tarski asked whether the arithmetic identities taught in high school are complete for showing all arithmetic equations valid for the natural numbers. The answer to this question for the language of arithmetic expressions using a constant for the number one and the operations of product and exponentiation is affirmative, and the complete equational theory also characterises isomorphism in the typed lambda calculus, where the constant for one and the operations of product and exponentiation respectively correspond to the unit type and (...) the product and arrow type constructors. This paper studies isomorphisms in typed lambda calculi with empty and sum types from this viewpoint. Our main contribution is to show that a family of so-called Wilkie–Gurevič identities, that plays a pivotal role in the study of Tarski’s high school algebra problem, arises from type-theoretic isomorphisms. We thus close an open problem by establishing that the theory of type isomorphisms in the presence of product, arrow, and sum types is not finitely axiomatisable. Further, we observe that for type theories with arrow, empty and sum types the correspondence between isomorphism and arithmetic equality generally breaks down, but that it still holds in some particular cases including that of type isomorphism with the empty type and equality with zero. (shrink)