This book presents a careful blend of conceptual, theoretical and applied research in regards to the relationship between technology and humans, exploring the importance of these interactions, aspects related with trust, communication, data protection, usability concerning organizational change, and e-learning"--Provided by publisher.

A public health emergency, as the COVID-19 pandemic, may lead to shortages of potentially life-saving treatments. In this situation, it is necessary, justifiable and proportionate to have decision tools in place to enable healthcare professionals to triage and prioritise access to those resources. An ethically sound framework should consider the principles of beneficence and fair allocation. Scientific Societies across Europe were concerned with this problem early in the pandemic and published guidelines to support their professionals and institutions. This article aims (...) to compare triage policies from medical bodies across Europe, to characterise the process of triage and the ethical values, principles and theories that were proposed in different countries during the first outbreak of COVID-19. (shrink)

Does the desirability of social institutions for public goods provision depend on the extent to which they include mechanisms for endogenous enforcement of cooperative behavior? We consider alternative institutions that vary the use of direct punishments to promote social cooperation. In one institution, subjects participate in a public goods experiment in which an initial stage of voluntary contribution is followed by a second stage of voluntary, costly sanctioning. Another institution consists of the voluntary contribution stage only, with no subsequent opportunity (...) to sanction. In a third stage subjects vote for which institution they prefer for future interactions: do they prefer one that does allow sanctions or one that does not allow sanctions? Our results show that even though sanctions are frequently used when available, the clear majority of individuals vote for the institution that does not allow sanctions. Thus, a distinction is required between the principles that guide the choice of institutions and the principles that apply to actions guided by institutions. Our results indicate that it is the wealth generated by the institution that determines its desirability. (shrink)

La perspectiva de los futuros periodistas sobre la profesión es importante para una evaluación crítica de la forma en que la academia, en sus cursos de comunicación/ periodismo, los prepara.Los resultados de una encuesta a estudiantes de pregrado y maestría en comunicación/periodismo, de 11 instituciones de educación superior portuguesas, apuntan a un desajuste entre las percepciones sobre el periodismo actual y las expectativas futuras, lo que nos llevó a reflexionar sobre el papel de las instituciones educativas, que parecen más como (...) promotores de una visión crítica del periodismo, que promotores de actitudes proactivas en la búsqueda de respuestas a los diversos desafíos identificados por los estudiantes. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to undertake a systematic literature review (SLR) of empirical research that uses multi‐source methods for collecting data about Ethical Leadership (EL). Research on this sensitive subject benefits from the inclusion of data from more than one source, in order to be better supported, and thus contribute to a deeper understanding of leadership and business ethics issues. The search strategy retrieved a total of 50 multi‐source empirical studies on the topic of EL, published until December (...) 2017. This SLR shows that (a) research on EL has focused mostly on the perceptions of followers, possibly because they are the most accessible target of its outcomes, thus restricting the scope of this body of research; (b) EL is studied mainly through consideration of its consequences, a restriction that hinders explanation of the causal processes involved in ethical leadership, which remains a research arena in need of development. The systematic inclusion of other stakeholders in multi‐source methods is advanced as a way to further develop the field. (shrink)

SARS-CoV-2 veio obrigar ao home office em teletrabalho e adaptação das empresas para conseguirem comunicar com os colaboradores e reterem os melhores. No âmbito da Gestão dos Talentos a sua retenção tornou-se prioridade.Analisando casos reais apurámos que com a utilização da comunicação virtual e ferramentas digitais, o teletrabalho é alternativa por muitos preferida. Plataformas e redes ajudam a estabelecer laços, criar relacionamentos e gerar confiança entre lideranças e restantes colaboradores. Também permitem maior flexibilidade.O trabalho remoto mostra-se atrativo para o desempenho (...) dos colaboradores; as práticas relacionadas com engagement e comprometimento promovem Retenção dos Talentos e maior produtividade. (shrink)

Assumindo que importa ler o direito à luz do pensamento político, enquanto elemento configurador da especulação teórica acerca da política, neste texto, o território complexo do pensamento sobre os direitos humanos, serve de pretexto, para excursos acerca das contribuições filosóficas. A partir do enunciado do artigo primeiro da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, salientam-se os encontros da linguagem política e da ciência política como exercício de reflexão e indagação acerca dos fundamentos das crenças políticas.

A Revista Internacional de Língua Portuguesa (RILP) tem sido o veículo da expressão da comunidade que se expressa em português, impulsionada pelo movimento associativo universitário dos anos oitenta e noventa do século XX. Dirigida, primeiro, por Maria Helena Mira Mateus, numa série inicial composta por dezassete números, e, depois, coordenada por José--Augusto França, numa segunda série com três exemplares, perfaz hoje vinte e um títulos, o último dos quais abre a terceira série em curso, de cariz institucional e temático. A (...) sua pretensão de divulgação da língua portuguesa, a longevidade e a expressão intercontinental fazem desta revista um caso nacional único de internacionalização, do centro linguístico original para o universo multilateral das culturas associadas, em torno do vector comum da língua, alheia às vicissitudes políticas que o tempo impôs e os poderes engendraram. Neste artigo são revisitadas as várias séries. (shrink)

A partir da experiência quotidiana do direito, Eric Voegelin penetra pela sua superfície fenome­nal para averiguar da existência de um núcleo ontológico. Fiel à tomista possibilidade do conhe­cimento modesto de coisas supremas, primeiro considera que o direito é mera consequência da sociedade, porquanto a ordem jurídica deriva da ordem da sociedade, para, em seguida, considerar a ordem da sociedade proveniente de um todo maior e anterior à mesma: a ordem do mundo que se identifica com a própria ordem do ser. (...) Em Voegelin, o direito é entendido como tendo por natureza ontológica a estrutura da sociedade cujo direito a sociedade é, e como tendo por critério a relação do homem com o ser tal como nós podemos sabê-lo através da filosofia e da revelação, num exemplo moderno de filosofar ao estilo clássico. (shrink)

The present work, elaborated from a theoretical, bibliographical and documentary character, has for objective to develop some theoretical boardings regarding the concept of tolerance of a philosophical point of view, during a historical context that if initiates in the thought of John Locke, in the Modern Age, the scope of the religious wars, when such concept acquires a more rigorous and critical character, going until the contemporaneidade, period where the tolerance starts to acquire a paper of prominence for the understanding (...) of the systems politicians and the societies marked for one raised degree of complexity and pluralism. Authors as Stuart Mill, Bobbio, Adorno and Habermas, among others, present significant contributions from its reflections and questionings for the studies of this thematic one as well as for the confrontation of the patologias that afflict the contemporaneidade. More recently, the fact of the tolerance to have if transformed into consensus and normative landmark, through the elaboration and approval of the World-wide Declaration of the Principles of the Tolerance, in the year of 1995, for the ONU, reflects the importance and the central paper that the tolerance exerts today in the search of the peace and the construction of a world more just and human being. (shrink)

Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar o potencial da região do Pampa Gaúcho para o turismo rural. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória sobre o potencial turístico dos municípios compreendidos nesta região. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental inicial seguida de visitas aos municípios. Com base na pesquisa documental e visita aos municípios selecionou-se as atrações potenciais para o turismo regional. As atrações foram separadas em quatro categorias: a)ambiental-paisagístico; b)histórico-arquitetônico; c)econômico-produtivo e, d)sociocultural. Bagé e Caçapava do Sul tiveram o maior número de atrações selecionadas, (...) embora todos os municípios tenham contribuído com pelo menos uma atração. A região do Pampa Gaúcho apresenta grande potencial turístico. O turismo regional mostra-se, dessa forma, como excelente alternativa de geração de renda, empregos, agregação de valor aos produtos e valorização da identidade do gaúcho, constituindo-se em uma forma inovadora de desenvolvimento regional sustentável. (shrink)

Serious mental health disorders are increasing among college students and university counseling services are often overburdened. Mobile applications for mental health have been growing exponentially in the last decade and they are emerging in university settings as a promising tool to promote and intervene in college students' mental health. Additionally, considering the recent covid-19 pandemic, mHealth interventions, due to its nature and possibilities, may play an important role in these institutions. Our main objectives are to explore mhealth interventions in universities, (...) regarding its conceptual framework, acceptability and efficacy outcomes and understand its impact and contributions to address treatment delivery and psychological difficulties resulting from covid-19 pandemic. The literature search was conducted in scientific databases, namely, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus. A search in app stores was not conducted, thus regarding commercially available apps, only those found in our database search were included in our review. We selected studies with mobile applications addressing psychological interventions for college students. A total of 2,158 participants were included in the 8 selected studies and most interventions were delivered through mobile apps only and based in cognitive behavioral therapy. Results suggested that college students accept and adhere to these interventions and preliminary evidence of efficacy was demonstrated in different disorders, such as stress, anxiety, depression and risky behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco abuse and sexual knowledge. We conclude that universities, particularly college counseling services, may benefit from mhealth interventions, not only to address college students' mental health but to decrease some of its difficulties related to lack of human resources. Specifically in covid-19 pandemic context, these interventions may contribute significantly by promoting and delivering psychological interventions at a safe distance. (shrink)

The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of tactical and situational variables on offensive sequences during elite European handball matches. A sample of 55 games and 5.857 offensive sequences from the European Handball Federation Champions League, the selected teams were classified as the top eight teams in the league, were analyzed using X2 and logistic regression analyses. Results indicated that positional attacks [odds ratio = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.28–0.42; p < 0.001] and fast attacks decreased the (...) probability of success for an offensive sequence by 66% and 54% when compared with counterattacks. Offensive sequences that start in the attacking zone seem to be less effective than those that start from a situation of “ball in center.” Additionally, offensive sequences that finished in the defensive zone of the observed team were 3.19 times more effective than those that ended before the 9 m zone. We concluded that compared with offensive sequences where the shot is performed from the 9 m zone, the chances of an offensive sequence ending successfully are 3.65, 3.60, and 2.21 times higher, for offensive sequences where the shot is performed from 9 m, 6 m, and the defensive zone, respectively. On the other hand, many variables seem to impact the performance of handball teams. Nevertheless, a significant challenge remains, and more research needs to be conducted to analyze the obstacles that teams need to overcome while attacking in the most effective way possible. (shrink)

Com este artigo, pretendeu-se problematizar a integração da hipermídia educacional, nas Atividades de Estudo a Distância (AEDs), como possibilidade de potencializar a interação mediada por computador. Dessa forma, foram apresentadas algumas estratégias que embasaram o planejamento, a organização e a implementação de uma AED mediada pelo Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle). Assim, observou-se que é essencial que as AEDs sejam planejadas e organizadas didaticamente pelo professor, que define quais propósitos pretende alcançar no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem mediado pelas (...) Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), pois, elaborar uma AED hipermidiática e guiar seu desenvolvimento, tanto com relação à tecnologia quanto ao próprio conteúdo em questão, colabora na proposição de alternativas para resolvê-las e também possibilita uma maior interação entre os envolvidos (professor e alunos) na apropriação crítica do conhecimento escolar, o que contribui para a sustentabilidade do processo ensino e aprendizagem significativo e interativo para todos os envolvidos. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza dos poemas que tienen como tema la Guerrilla del Araguaia, que integran un conjunto de textos poéticos publicados en el periódico Resistencia, en febrero de 1979, en Brasil. El análisis consideró los aspectos históricos relacionados al tema y la constatación de la cuestión central: qué elementos presentes en los poemas permiten ubicarlos dentro de una poética de la resistencia.

A distinção de essência e existência figurou como uma das questões fundamentais da metafísica durante a escolástica. Duns Scotus rejeita expressamente a tese de que a essência e a existência de um ente sejam distintas realmente (realiter). Para compreender essa rejeição, analisamos neste artigo a noção de coisa (res) na doutrina de Scotus, especialmente na sua crítica a Henrique de Gand acerca do estatuto ontológico dos criáveis, levando em consideração a recepção da doutrina das primeiras noções do intelecto de Avicena. (...) Scotus e Henrique adotam escopos distintos da noção de res e concluem divergentemente acerca da questão da essência e existência no contexto da criação do mundo. Também analisamos o argumento de Scotus quanto à natureza da simplicidade encontrada na criação, e como o Doutor Sutil argumenta pela rejeição de uma composição real (realis) necessária no ente criado rejeitando também, consequentemente, a distinção real de essência e existência. (shrink)

This study aimed to investigate the student-athletes' capability to face the academic, sport, and social challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown and to disclose novel aspects of dual careers. A 32-item online survey encompassing demographic characteristics, sport and university engagement, support and dual-career benefits, physical activity, sitting time, and the time deemed necessary to recover the previous level of performance was developed. Four hundred sixty-seven student-athletes (males: 57%, females: 43%) from 11 countries, competing in 49 different sports (individual: (...) 63.4%, team: 36.6%) at regional (17.5%), national (43.3%), and international (39.2%) levels, and enrolled at high school (21.9%) and university (78.1%) levels completed the survey. During the lockdown, the respondents decreased the time dedicated to sport and academics, although they maintained an active lifestyle. Student-athletes from countries under severe contagion were more likely to train at home, dedicate to academics, and receive support from the coach but less likely receive support from their teachers. With respect to their team sport counterparts, athletes competing in individual sports trained more and were more likely to receive support from their coaches. International athletes showed the highest training time and support from their coaches and as student-athletes. High school students received more support from their coaches and teachers, whereas university students were more likely considering dual careers useful to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study substantiates the relevant role of competitive sports participation in the maintenance of active lifestyles, with student-athletes considering home training and e-learning valuable resources during the lockdown. Furthermore, their sport and academic commitments helped student-athletes cope with the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

Research has demonstrated that policing is a stressful occupation and has a negative impact on police officers’ mental and physical health, performance, and interactions with citizens. Mental health at the workplace has become a concern due to the costs of depression, anxiety, burnout, and even suicide, which is high among police officers.To ameliorate occupational health, it is crucial therefore to identify stress and burnout levels on a regular basis. However, the instruments frequently used to measure stress have not valorized the (...) specificity of policing tasks. This study aims: i) conducting a literature review, to identify questionnaires used to assess occupational stress and burnout among police officers; ii) to analyze the psychometric characteristics of a Portuguese version of Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op); and, using the PSQ-op and other questionnaires, iii) to identify operational stress, burnout, and distress levels among Portuguese police officers. The literature review identified 108 studies, which use a multiplicity of questionnaires to measure burnout or occupational stress among police officers, but few studies use specific police stress questionnaires. Sample sizes were mostly below 500 participants and studies were mainly developed in the last decade in the USA and Brazil, but also in another 24 countries, showing the extent of the interest in this topic. This study applied to 2057 police officers from National Portuguese Police, a force policing urban centers, the PSQ-Op, as well the Spanish Burnout Inventory and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.The results show that the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of PSQ-Op are adequate. Factorial analysis revealed two dimensions defined as social and work issues, which were associated with measures of distress and burnout.Fit indices suggested a second-order solution called operational police stress. Overall, and considering the scale range of each questionnaire, the results showed moderate values of operational stress, distress, and burnout. However, considering their cut-off points, 85% of the sample presented high operational stress levels, 11% critical values for burnout, and 28% high distress levels, with 55% of the sample at risk of psychological disorder. These results reinforce the need to prevent stress and to invest in police officers’ occupational health. (shrink)

Several countries maintain universal health coverage, which implies responsibility to organize delivery formats of healthcare services and products for citizens. In Brazil, the health system has a principle of universal access for more than 30 years, but many deficiencies remain and the country observes a day practice for those seeking judicial decisions to determine provision of healthcare.

Resumo: O ingresso de estudantes surdos no ensino superior tem ampliado nos últimos anos, e com isso, a inclusão desses estudantes, passa a ser um desafio. Nesse sentido, objetivamos neste estudo analisar a sua inclusão no ensino superior em Portugal. O estudo compreende a trajetória de três estudantes surdos vinculados a duas instituições de ensino superior, e cuja comunicação se estabelece pela Língua Portuguesa. Como forma de levantamento de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruradas, nas modalidades presencial e por videoconferência. Salientamos (...) que a escolha pela língua oral utilizada durante a entrevista foi dos estudantes, uma vez que estes alunos utilizam na maior parte do seu tempo a Língua Portuguesa, na sua vertente oral e escrita. Os resultados apontam para a importância de repensar a oferta de ensino permeado pela presença da Língua Gestual Portuguesa (LGP) nas atividades acadêmicas tendo em conta as principais necessidades apontadas pelos estudantes que participaram neste estudo: a) presença do intérprete de LGP nas salas de aula; b) colaboração dos professores da educação superior; c) interações sociais na universidade, e d) inclusão de estudantes surdos, o que demonstra a importância de repensar as práticas inclusivas para estudantes universitários surdos nas Instituições que frequentam. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Estudantes surdos; Inclusão. Deaf students in Higher Education in Portugal - a reflection on inclusion Abstract: The enrollment of deaf students in higher education has increased in recent years, and with that, the inclusion of these students, becomes a challenge. In this sense, we aim in this study to analyze its inclusion in higher education in Portugal. The study comprises the trajectory of three deaf students linked to two higher education institutions, and whose communication is established by the Portuguese Language. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted, in person and by video conference. We emphasize that the choice of the oral language used during the interview was of the students, since these students use most of their time the Portuguese language, in its oral and written components. The results point to the importance of rethinking the teaching offer permeated by the presence of the Portuguese Sign Language (PSL) in academic activities taking into account the main needs pointed out by the students who participated in this study: a) presence of the PSL interpreter in the classroom; b) collaboration of higher education teachers; c) social interactions at the university, and d) inclusion of deaf students, which demonstrates the importance of rethinking inclusive practices for deaf students in the Institutions they attend. Keywords: Higher Education; Deaf students; Inclusion. Estudiantes sordos en Educación Superior en Portugal - una reflexión sobre su inclusión Resumen: La matrícula de estudiantes sordos en la educación superior se ha incrementado en los últimos años, y con ello, la inclusión de estos estudiantes, se convierte en un desafío. En este sentido, nuestro objetivo en este estudio es analizar su inclusión en la educación superior en Portugal. El estudio comprende la trayectoria de tres estudiantes sordos vinculados a dos instituciones de educación superior, cuya comunicación está establecida por la lengua portuguesa. Como medio de recopilación de datos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, en persona y por videoconferencia. Destacamos que la elección del idioma portugués utilizado durante la entrevista fue de los estudiantes, ya que estos estudiantes utilizan la mayor parte de su tiempo el idioma portugués, en sus aspectos oral y escrito. Los resultados apuntan a la importancia de repensar la oferta docente permeada por la presencia de la Lengua de Signos Portuguesa (LSP) en las actividades académicas teniendo en cuenta las principales necesidades señaladas por los estudiantes que participaron en este estudio: a) presencia del intérprete LSP en las aulas; b) colaboración de profesores de educación superior; c) interacciones sociales en la universidad, y d) inclusión de estudiantes sordos, lo que demuestra la importancia de repensar las prácticas inclusivas para los estudiantes universitarios sordos en las Instituciones a las que asisten. Palabras clave: Educación superior; Estudiantes sordos; Inclusión. Data de registro: 15/04/2021 Data de aceite: 01/12/2021. (shrink)

Translating and validating measurement instruments in sport and exercise psychology is not an easy task. Rather, it is a task that requires effort and time, for the process is not limited to a simple translation to translate words from one language to another, just in order to make valid and reliable measure. All researchers should be aware that the only proper way is to adopt rigorous and robust methodologies to conduct the process from the preliminary stage of translation to reaching (...) the validation stage of the psychological variable. Only so is it possible to avoid creating fragile and inadequate psychological assessment instruments that can jeopardize the entire investigation to be held with its use. Thus, the main objective of this work is to promote reflection and discussion on the subject by presenting some considerations and recommendations about translation and validation of questionnaires for psychological assessment applied to sport and exercise domain. (shrink)

Com este artigo, pretendeu-se problematizar a integração da hipermídia educacional, nas Atividades de Estudo a Distância (AEDs), como possibilidade de potencializar a interação mediada por computador. Dessa forma, foram apresentadas algumas estratégias que embasaram o planejamento, a organização e a implementação de uma AED mediada pelo Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle). Assim, observou-se que é essencial que as AEDs sejam planejadas e organizadas didaticamente pelo professor, que define quais propósitos pretende alcançar no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem mediado pelas (...) Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), pois, elaborar uma AED hipermidiática e guiar seu desenvolvimento, tanto com relação à tecnologia quanto ao próprio conteúdo em questão, colabora na proposição de alternativas para resolvê-las e também possibilita uma maior interação entre os envolvidos (professor e alunos) na apropriação crítica do conhecimento escolar, o que contribui para a sustentabilidade do processo ensino e aprendizagem significativo e interativo para todos os envolvidos. (shrink)

Com este artigo, problematizou-se o potencial da formação continuada de professores por meio da educação a distância mediada pelo Moodle. Nessa perspectiva, pesquisou-se, principalmente, a integração hipermidiática das tecnologias nesse ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, no curso a distância de pós-graduação lato sensu em Mídias na Educação. Para isso, selecionou-se uma aula de uma disciplina desse curso oferecida no primeiro semestre de 2011 por uma universidade na qual um dos autores deste artigo trabalhou como professor-tutor. Assim, foi realizada uma investigação com (...) base na abordagem metodológica qualitativa através da observação participante, na qual se percebeu que a integração da hipermídia potencializa o diálogo-problematizador, a interatividade e o desenvolvimento da flexibilidade cognitiva nos professores-cursistas. Dessa forma, observou-se que a navegação em uma hipermídia educacional respeita o ritmo e as maneiras de aprendizagem de cada sujeito, uma vez que possibilita que os temas a serem estudados sejam acessados de forma não-linear, ou seja, de acordo com o interesse de cada aprendente e por meio de diferentes mídias. Isso viabilizou aos cursistas fazerem diversas associações entre diferentes conteúdos inter-relacionados, proporcionando assim uma ampliação da visão sobre os assuntos educacionais abordados na disciplina e, posteriormente, poderem aplicar esse conhecimento em novas situações de ensinoaprendizagem. (shrink)

The present research examined relationships between parental autonomy support, parental psychological control, and Chinese emerging adults’ autonomous regulation in their university studies as well as dysregulation in social media engagement. A total of 287 Chinese university students reported on their perceived parenting styles, psychological needs, and behavior regulation. Results showed that basic psychological need satisfaction was positively associated with parental autonomy support and autonomous regulation of learning; need frustration was positively correlated with parental psychological control and dysregulation in social media (...) engagement. More importantly, psychological need frustration was a mediator of the relation between parental psychological control and dysregulation in social media engagement. Our findings suggest that students living in an autonomy-supportive familial environment tend to have satisfied psychological needs as well as autonomous learning behavior. Impairment of psychological needs could be one of the mechanisms through which psychologically controlling parenting was linked to dysregulation of social media use in Chinese culture. (shrink)

Background: Mental fatigue can impact physical demands and tactical behavior in sport-related contexts. Small-sided games are often used to develop a specific sport-related context. However, the effects of mental fatigue on physical demands and tactical behaviors during soccer SSGs have not been aggregated for systematical assessment.Objective: This systematic review was conducted to compare the effects of mental fatigue vs. control conditions in terms of the total running distance and tactical behavior of soccer players during SSGs.Methods: The data sources utilized were (...) PubMed, PsycINFO, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The study eligibility criteria were established based on PICOS: Population: healthy youth and young adult men soccer players with regular training practice and belonging to teams with regular competitions; Intervention: exposed to mental fatigue-induced protocols only before SSGs; Comparator: control conditions before SSGs; Outcomes: physical demands and tactical behavior ; Study design: counterbalanced cross-over design; and only full-text and original articles written in English.Results: The database search initially identified 111 titles. From those, six articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Results showed no significant effect of fatigue on total running distance and tactical behavior.Conclusions: A non-significant effect of mental fatigue on total running distance and tactical behaviors performed by soccer players during SSGs was found in this systematic review. (shrink)

The history of East Timor has gone through several moments of transformation due to human actions that have the presence of Portuguese, Japanese, Indonesians and different social groups and local kingdoms. With this, one can note the trend of the evolution of thinking, arising from education in philosophy and its contribution to the changes that were seen as necessary, were initial instruments for Timor to become a republic, not explored, but as an autonomous people. Thus, the aim of this article (...) is to present a reflection on the role of philosophy in the history of the Timorese society. Thus, philosophy should not be understood only with a mere sense of individualistic self-construction, or even an incorporation of circumstantial urgencies, but rather with regard to a content that must be taught and learned, given that there are languages and methods and that, with due importance, understanding is built, also developing more doubts and, thus, the philosophical character of national thought. However, it is necessary to recognize the assumption that philosophical themes were established according to universal terms, with Universal approaches and incorporated with the urgencies of each place. Thus, even the themes with a challenging nature, there was still Timorese philosophical expression of clear importance for the development of a national idea, so that philosophy is present and is still discussed in all periods that make up the National History. In that regard, this article will offer in the first part an introduction, second philosophy, third history, fourth nation building, fifth the history of struggle for national liberation and will be end with final consideration. (shrink)

This article will address Edith Stein's interests in relation to the microcosm of man, whether as a material, living, animated or spiritual body, as well as in his social, historical, community and cultural position. For Edith Stein, only through this set of interrelated and exclusive instances, each with its own particularities and yet dependent on the others. The phenomenological study of the SELF presented by the author, in the search for the Divine, for awareness of “character”, in the experience of (...) each part of one's own being, in experience, in empathy, where through philosophical anthropology Edith Stein conceives everyone as living beings, with man as a microcosm. For this reason, in the first part it will be discussed regarding The Centrality of the Body in Stein's Philosophical Anthropology. It has become a necessity within anthropology to refer to the body/empathy element. These two realities are established as essential in Stein's considerations and they are what will determine the scope of what refers to the empathic process and the Constitution of the self, elements so necessary for the recovery of the affirming reality of the human in its specification’s man/woman. In the second stage will address about the Soul and Spirit in Stein's Philosophical Anthropology. The living body is established in the fact that in addition to possessing external sensory characteristics, which can be grasped by consciousnesses, they themselves are holders of the ability to feel. Stein postulates as the first characteristic of the experienced body The Binding of the latter to an individual consciousness, to a subject. In his doctoral work, Stein turns to the characterization of an individual who has an essence that is established not only in the corporeal-psychic dimension, but also in that of spiritual appreciation. Finally, and will be closed with conclusions. (shrink)

Background: Small-sided games are an adjusted form of official games that are often used in training scenarios to introduce a specific tactical issue to team sports players. Besides the acute effects of SSGs on players' performance, it is expectable that the consistent use of these drill-based games induces adaptations in the technical execution and tactical behaviors of youth team sports players.Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of SSG programs on the technical execution and tactical (...) behaviors of young and youth team sports players.Data Sources: The data sources utilized were PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science.Study Eligibility Criteria: Young and youth team sports players (i.e., 17 and <17 SSG training sessions, respectively.Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant beneficial effect of using SSG training programs for enhancing technical execution in young and youth players. The benefits were similar despite the various numbers of training sessions applied. Further studies should add tactical behaviors as one of the outcomes for controlling the effects of SSG training programs. (shrink)

BackgroundThe use of dedicated training programs for improving decision-making (DM) in team sports players has grown in the last several years. Approaches such as imagery training, video-based training, or game-based drills are some of the interventions used in youth players in order to improve DM. However, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted to summarize the main evidence regarding the effects of these programs on the players and identify the magnitude of the effects compared to control groups.ObjectiveThis systematic review (...) (with meta-analysis) was conducted to assess the effects of training programs on the DM of youth team sports players.Data SourcesThe data sources utilized were PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science.Study eligibility criteriaThe criteria included the following: (i) youth (≤ 18 years old) team sports players with no restriction on sex or competitive level; (ii) players subjected to training programs to develop DM; (iii) control groups; (iv) pre–post outcomes related to tactical behavior, technical execution, reaction, and decision time; and (v) controlled trials.ResultsThe database search initially identified 2497 titles. From these, six articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed a significant beneficial effect of DM interventions on tactical behavior (ES = 1.12;p= 0.035;I2= 80.0%; Egger’s testp= 0.066), whereas no significant effect of DM interventions on technical execution was found (ES = 0.74;p= 0.180;I2= 69.1%; Egger’s testp= 0.873).ConclusionThe DM interventions were significantly effective in improving tactical behavior in youth team sports players independently from the number of sessions to which players were exposed. In addition, DM interventions were significantly effective in improving technical execution. However, the results should be carefully interpreted due to the heterogeneity of the articles’ overall methodological quality. Future DM interventions should consider using combined approaches that allow players to develop both tactical behavior and technical execution. (shrink)

BackgroundFor a long time, in sports, researchers have tried to understand an expert by comparing them with novices, raising the doubts if the visual search characteristics distinguish experts from novices. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the differences in visual search behavior between experts and novices in team sports athletes.MethodsThis systematic review with meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane's guidelines. Healthy team athletes were included, which engaged in regular practice, (...) from any sex or competitive level, specifically classified a priori as expert or novice in the original research. We considered only research published in peer-reviewed journals, with no limitations regarding date or language. It was considered healthy team sport athletes engaged in regular practice. The scenarios could be in situ or film-based. The databases of EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were used to perform the searches. The risk of bias was calculated through the RoBANS tool.ResultsFrom a total of 6,257 records, of which 985 were duplicates, titles and abstracts of 5,272 were screened, and 45 required full-text analysis. Of those, 23 were excluded due to not fulfilling the eligibility criteria regarding participants. In the end, 22 studies were selected, however, as two studies were part of the same trial and were analyzed conjointly.DiscussionExperts showed to be older and with more years of practice. The ability to distinguish experts from novices was not so clear regarding the variables analyzed. This could be due to the strategies chosen in each study, which were specific to each scenario, and when grouping all together, it was lost information within non-representative averages. The distinction between experts and novices was not clear, showing a lot of heterogeneity in the included studies. The expert classification itself may have been the conditioning aspect for these results, retaining the doubt and the need for more studies in the field.Systematic review registrationThe protocol was pre-registered in OSF. (shrink)

Quantas vezes nos deslocamos para tão longe, à procura dos segredos da nossa história local, quando temos bem próximo de nós a resposta, se não na totalidade, pelo menos de forma par­cial. É isso que pretendemos mostrar neste artigo sobre a Sociedade Martins Sarmento, enquan­to espaço privado de leitura pública, marco que deixou marcas na história local de Guimarães e que, rapidamente,conseguiu que o seu reconhecimento ultrapassasse fronteiras. Porque surgiu? Como surgiu? São perguntas a que este artigo pretende dar (...) resposta. (shrink)

The ArgumentJacob de Castro Sarmento was a descendent of New Christians in Portugal who made his way to London in the early eighteenth century. There he professed Judaism openly, but he also advanced his scientific and medical pursuits, becoming particularly enamored of the Newtonian world view. This paper argues that Sarmento's attachment to Judaism was essentially a function of his personal relationship with Hakham David Nieto, and that Sarmento's Judaism was never really the full synthesis of scientific (...) outlook and Jewish theology toward which Nieto pushed him. Rather, after Nieto's death Sarmento identified himself with scientific Newtonianism increasingly openly, while his religious identitly waned. Apparently he found science a more useful outlook in approaching the world, as did many Newtonians of that generation. (shrink)

Regard oblique Les essais réunis dans ce volume ambitionnent de rapporter aux théories philosophiques (principalement la phénoménologie) et aux avancées des sciences cognitives des oeuvres d'artistes tels que Marcel Duchamp, Giulio Paolini, Pep Agut, Thierry Kuntzel, Michael Snow, Peter Campus, Claire Savoie, James Coleman, Angela Detanico et Rafael Lain, James Turrell, Antony McCall, Joâo Fiadeiro et Juliao Sarmento, dont le principal projet aura été d'explorer les problématiques de la perception qui n'est pas seulement une relation sensorielle ou sensitive à (...) ce qui nous entoure, mais avant tout une forme et une manière d'être au monde, une manière d'être pour autrui et avec autrui. L'analyse de ces oeuvres indique bien que le dualisme n'est pas viable le sensible et l'intelligible ne peuvent ici être scindés et que les formes très singulières des oeuvres d'art ont pour propriété de présenter la perception en tant que telle, avec pour visée de nous reconduire continuellement au monde et, partant, à des questions pratico-morales et socio-politiques. (shrink)

Nosso objetivo com este artigo é apresentar a interculturalidade crítica como ferramenta pedagógica que deve ser central na constituição dos cenários e contextos em Educação Infantil. Utilizamos referenciais teóricos de outros estudiosos da interculturalidade e da Educação Infantil, como Candau, Sarmento, Walsh, Tomazzeti, Santiago, Akkeri e Marques, entre outros. Situamos a Educação Infantil enquanto etapa fundamental na formação ética e intercultural das crianças, pensando a função social da educação como formação para a democracia. O trabalho pedagógico com as diferenças (...) culturais na Educação Infantil é amparado legalmente pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil e por outras políticas de identidade, como a Lei 11.645 de 2008, que institui a obrigatoriedade do ensino de cultura e história indígena e afro-brasileira desde a Educação Infantil. No entanto, essas legislações também são confrontadas por interesses neoliberais que invadem as políticas educacionais. Diante disso, apresentamos algumas possibilidades e desafios para a construção de práticas interculturais nessa etapa da escolarização, incluindo algumas discussões sobre práticas cristalizadas, preconceitos e discriminações, formação de professores, o professor da infância enquanto pesquisador reflexivo, a monocultura do saber, os currículos e a diferença como vantagem pedagógica. Como conclusão, apontamos que um dos principais desafios da educação na atualidade é construir práticas e contextos que tratem as diferenças desde um viés político, visando a construção de uma sociedade mais democrática, considerando o direito à diferença. Construir práticas interculturais na Educação Infantil significa abrir mão da monocultura do saber, da homogeneização em favor da heterogeneidade, do epistemicídio pela construção de outras alternativas de pensamento. Palavras-chave : Interculturalidade crítica. Educação da infância. Diferenças culturais. (shrink)