DIE BESTIMMUNG DER PHILOSOPH IE 1M DEUTSCHEN I. IDEALISMUS I 2. VERNUNFT UND SPRACHE 2I VERNUNFT UND LEBENSWELT 3· 45 LEBENSWELT UND LEBENSWELTEN 63 4· DIE BESTIMMUNG DES ANDERSANFANGLICHEN 5· DENKENS 8 7 6. DIE WELT 1M ANDEREN ANFANG - DIE ROLLE DES DICHTERS UND DAS "DICHTERISCHE WOHNEN" 8 9 VORWORT In der heutigen Zeit, in der auf vielen Gebieten die iiberkommenen Gedanken ihre Geltung und Wirkungskraft verloren haben, liegt vielleicht die Aufgabe der Philo sophie darin, bewahrend auf die iiberlieferten (...) Prinzipien und die in ihnen liegenden Bestim­ mungen und Grundprobleme zuriickzuschauen und dabei zu­ gleich zu beachten, was in ihnen "iibergangig" auf Neues hin­ weist, um so fiir aIle Versuche eines "anderen Anfangs" kritisch offen zu sein. Ein Philosophieren, das sich dergestalt " zwischen" Tradition und anderem Anfang bewegt, hat sein Dilemma durch­ schaut: Es bleibt auf der Suche nach dem Wahren, obwohl es keinen giiltigen Wahrheitsbegriff hat. Ein allein aus transzen­ dentaler Subjektivitat begriindeter Wahrheitsbegriff iiberzeugt es nicht mehr, und Wahrheit, wie sie dem erfahrenden Ver­ stehen "geschieht," ist in ihrem Wesen noch nicht zureichend bestimmt worden. Hat sich das Philosophieren so erkannt, wird es sich nicht einseitig auf die eine oder die andere Position fest­ legen; vielmehr wird es seine Aufgabe gerade darin sehen, den Gedanken in Bewegung zu halten. Diese Auffassung eines heutigen Philosophierens soIl die hier vor­ gelegte Sammlung von Aufsatzen bezeugen. (shrink)

Proponents of a monetary interpretation of Marx’s theory of value (monetäre Werttheorie) argue that one cannot estimate the amounts of socially necessary labour time that lie behind the prices, an interpretation usually ascribed to the West German Neue Marx‑Lektüre. As Hans-Georg Backhaus began fleshing out his monetary interpretation in the early 1970s, he referred explicitly to debate among economists in early‑1960s East Germany about the possibility of estimating quantities of labour value in terms of commodities’ labour (...) content. In fact, scholars who articulated a powerful position in the latter discussion closely approximated the Neue Marx-Lektüre’s ‘monetary interpretation’. They held that expressing labour value in terms of labour time is impossible: the substance of value is not a measurable quantity of labour time but, rather, a social relation. Hence, it is problematic that Neue Marx-Lektüre adherents today should maintain an inaccurate contrast between their reading of Capital and that of ‘traditional Marxism’. (shrink)

Über Jahrzehnte beanspruchten die komplementären Diskurse des östlichen partei-, später staatsoffiziellen Marxismus sowie des westlichen Antikommunismus die nahezu uneingeschränkte Definitionsmacht über das, was gemeinhin als 'Marxsche Theorie' oder 'wissenschaftlicher Sozialismus' galt. Dagegen machte sich ab Mitte der 1960er Jahre eine neue Lektüre-Bewegung vor allem in der Bundesrepublik daran, die originellen wissenschaftlichen Gehalte des Marxschen Denkens zu entdecken. Der Rezeptionsschutt der vorangegangenen 100 Jahre sollte weggeräumt werden, um für die Rekonstruktion einer kritischen Gesellschaftstheorie mit einem innovativen Methoden- und Gegenstandsverständnis (...) Platz zu schaffen. Das Buch vergegenwärtigt die Quellen, Geschichte und Resultate dieses neuen Diskussionskontexts. Drei Stränge der Debatte werden näher beleuchtet: die methodologische und werttheoretische Grundlagenforschung, die Staatsableitung sowie die Untersuchung der revolutionstheoretischen Implikationen der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass in einem noch keineswegs abgeschlossenen Forschungsprozess die Umrisse einer bei Marx angelegten Theorie erkennbar werden, die wichtige Impulse zum Verständnis der modernen Reichtums- und Herrschaftsformen geben kann und in vielem geradezu das Gegenteil von dem zeigt, was man von Marx in marxistischen wie nicht-marxistischen Kreisen zu wissen glaubte. (shrink)

Karl Marx (1818–1883) was born in Trèves in the Rhineland. He studied law in Bonn, philosophy and history in Berlin, and received a doctorate from the University of Jena for a thesis on Epicurus (341–270 BC). (Epicurus' philosophy was a reaction against the ‘other-worldliness’ of Plato's theory of Forms. Whereas for Plato knowledge was of intelligible Forms, and the criterion of the truth of a hypothesis about the definition of a Form was that it should survive a Socratic testing (...) by question and answer, for Epicurus the criterion of truth was sensation, and employment of this criterion favoured the theory with which Plato explicitly contrasted the theory of Forms (Sophist 246a–d), namely, the materialism of the atomists, Leucippus and Democritus.) Marx was editor of the Rheinische Zeitung of Cologne, 1842–1843. The paper was suppressed and he moved to Paris, becoming co-editor of the Deutsch-französische Jahrbücher, the one and only issue of which contained two articles by Marx and two by his friend, Friedrich Engels (1829–1895). Together they wrote The German Ideology (1846) and their most influential work, The Communist Manifesto (1848). Marx had been expelled from France in 1845, and went to Brussels, from where he was expelled during the 1848 revolutions. He went to Cologne to start, with Engels and others, a paper with a revolutionary editorial policy, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Expelled once again, Marx finally settled in London, working in the British Museum on his great historical analysis of capitalism, Das Kapital. The first volume was published in 1867, the remaining two volumes, completed by Engels after Marx's death, in 1885 and 1895. (shrink)

Tato studie se zabývá problémem metody v kritické teorii. Nejprve zkoumá ustavující texty, v nichž založili Horkheimer a Marcuse kritickou teorii jako dialektický a materialistický přístup k analýze kapitalistické společnosti adekvátní její objektivně-abstraktní povaze. Stať diskutuje též Hegela a Marxe, nejdůležitější předchůdce frankfurtské školy, a způsob, jímž kritická teorie čerpá z jejich děl. Dále příspěvek obrací svou pozornost k Adornovým metodologickým postulátům, jež vyústily v analytické kategorie „reálné abstrakce“ a „objektivní konceptuality“. Reichelt a Backhaus vyšli z Adorna, jehož byli žáky, (...) a interpretovali v tradici kritické teorie Marxovo dílo jako úsilí o zachycení určité kvality procesu inverze, v němž je práce, lidská moc ustavující společnost, nahrazena sociálním panstvím kapitalistických abstrakcí, které degradují její tvůrčí potenciál. Nové čtení Marxe dále analyzuje mizení smyslovosti v říši nadsmyslné reality kapitálu jako vůdčí hegeliánský motiv v celé Marxově práci. The essay deals with the problem of method in Critical theory. Firstly, it explores the constituent texts in which Horkheimer and Marcuse founded Critical theory as a dialectical and materialist approach for analysing capitalist society in terms of its objectively-abstract nature. It discusses its most important predecessors – Hegel and Marx – and the way critical theory is based on their works. Secondly, the essay turns its attention to Adorno's methodological postulates that resulted into analytical categories of ‘real abstraction’ and ‘objective conceptuality’. Building upon Adorno, their mentor, Reichelt and Backhaus interpreted, in the tradition of critical theory, Marx's oeuvre as an endeavour to catch determinate quality of the process of inversion in which labour, humanity's constituent power, is displaced and demoted by the social domination of capitalist abstractions. The neue Marx-Lektüre further analyses the disappearance of sensuousness in the realm of supersensible reality of capital as the defining Hegelian motive in Marx. (shrink)

Was ist das Spezifische der Marx'schen Kritik? Die zahlreichen Versuche, die eine Kritik bei Marx zu identifizieren, ließen bislang oft das verbindende Moment der unterschiedlichen Sprachen der Kritik in seinem Werk außer Acht: ihren politischen Einsatz. Man muss diesen Einsatz als konstitutiv für den Modus seiner Gesellschaftskritik begreifen, den Marx mit dem Bild einer »Kritik im Handgemenge« einfing. Die Beiträge des Bandes binden auf neue Weise Marx' Kritik wieder stärker an deren konkrete politische Situierung und (...) erörtern die Bedeutung des 'Handgemenges' für die Entwicklung seines Denkens - nicht zuletzt um hier auch ein Grundmerkmal moderner Gesellschaftskritik überhaupt auszuweisen. (shrink)

Was ist das Spezifische der Marx'schen Kritik? Die zahlreichen Versuche, die eine Kritik bei Marx zu identifizieren, ließen bislang oft das verbindende Moment der unterschiedlichen Sprachen der Kritik in seinem Werk außer Acht: ihren politischen Einsatz. Man muss diesen Einsatz als konstitutiv für den Modus seiner Gesellschaftskritik begreifen, den Marx mit dem Bild einer »Kritik im Handgemenge« einfing. Die Beiträge des Bandes binden auf neue Weise Marx' Kritik wieder stärker an deren konkrete politische Situierung und (...) erörtern die Bedeutung des 'Handgemenges' für die Entwicklung seines Denkens - nicht zuletzt um hier auch ein Grundmerkmal moderner Gesellschaftskritik überhaupt auszuweisen. (shrink)

Saying that Marx′s Capital is about capital, which in itself constitutes a social relation, seems quite trivial. However, the debate on Marxian theory took more than 100 years from the first edition of his opus magnum to arrive at this understanding. The most fruitful contribution in this regard has been made since the late 1960s in western Germany by the so-called “neue Marx-Lektüre”, which was an attempt at a new reading of Marx opposed to both (...) the governmental Marxism and its anti-communist counterpart. While other, certainly more renowned, strands of dissident Marxist theorising still widely shared the orthodox assumptions on the theory of value, the “neue Marx-Lektüre” addressed central issues of the Marxian critique of political economy, concerning its subject matter and its peculiar method of research and representation. (shrink)

This volume contains a selection of Karl Marx's most important writings, organized thematically under eight headings: methodology, alienation, economics, exploitation, historical materialism, classes, politics, and ideology. Jon Elster provides a brief introduction to each selection to explain its context and its place in Marx's argument. The volume is designed as a companion to Elster's An Introduction to Karl Marx and the thematic structure of each book is the same. But the Reader can also stand on its own (...) and offers the student a substantial and revealingly organized selection of the crucial texts needed to understand and assess Marx's views. (shrink)

Marx: Later Political Writings brings together new translations of Marx's most important texts in political philosophy written after 1848. Marx challenged poitical theory to its very fundamentals, as his works do not follow traditional models for exploring politics theoretically. In his introduction, Terrell Carver situates Marx in a politics of democratic constitutionalism and revolutionary communism. The works are presented here complete, according to the first editions or the earliest manuscript state, and include the Manifesto of the (...) Communist Party, the Preface of 1859 to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, The Civil War in France, and the little-known Notes on Adolph Wagner. More than most political theorists, Marx made contemporary politics the focus for his theoretical work. He created a distinctive kind of political theory, and this volume makes it accessible today. (shrink)

Marx and Engels's Communist Manifesto has become one of the world’s most influential political tracts since its original 1848 publication. Part of the Rethinking the Western Tradition series, this edition of the Manifesto features an extensive introduction by Jeffrey C. Isaac, and essays by Vladimir Tismaneanu, Steven Lukes, Saskia Sassen, and Stephen Eric Bronner, each well known for their writing on questions central to the Manifesto and the history of Marxism. These essays address the Manifesto's historical background, its impact (...) on the development of twentieth-century Communism, its strengths and weaknesses as a form of ethical critique, and its relevance in the post-1989, post-Cold War world. This edition also includes much ancillary material, including the many Prefaces published in the lifetimes of Marx and Engels, and Engels's "Principles of Communism.". (shrink)

Besprochen werden Einzelausgaben und Werkeditionen sowie weitere Darstellungen und Schwerpunkte der neueren Marx-Rezeption. Marx wird zunehmend als Klassiker wahrgenommen und die Rezeption konzentriert sich auf seine Hauptwerke, wobei deren fragmentarischer Charakter meist ausgeblendet bleibt. Wenig ausgewertet werden die journalistischen Arbeiten sowie der Manuskript- und Exzerptnachlass, obgleich hier in den letzten Jahren neue Quellen zugänglich gemacht wurden. Daraus ergeben sich Desiderate für die Forschung, auf die im Kontext der besprochenen Literatur hingewiesen wird.

Die frühen, erstmals 1932 aus dem Nachlaß publizierten "Ökonomisch-philosophischen Manuskripte" bieten einen Schlüsseltext für das philosophische Verständnis des Marxschen Gesamtwerks, der Antrieb und Zielpunkt seines Denkens offenlegt, also das benennt, was in den ökonomischen Analysen der späteren Zeit vorausgesetzt, aber nicht mehr ausgesprochen wird.

First published in French, Marx's The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) was composed during his years in Brussels, when he was developing his economic views and, through confrontations with the chief leaders of the working-class movement, establishing his intellectual standing. In this classic work, which laid the foundation of ideas later developed in Capital, Marx polemicized against then premier French socialist, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Proudhon wanted to unite the best features of such contraries as competition and monopoly. He hoped to (...) save the good features of economic institutions while eliminating the bad. Marx, however, declared that no equilibrium was possible between the antagonisms in any given economic system. Social structures were transient historical forms determined by the productive forces: "The handmill gives you society with the feudal lord; the stream mill, society with the industrial capitalist.". (shrink)

First published in French, Marx's The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) was composed during his years in Brussels, when he was developing his economic views and, through confrontations with the chief leaders of the working-class movement, establishing his intellectual standing. In this classic work, which laid the foundation of ideas later developed in Capital, Marx polemicized against then premier French socialist, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Proudhon wanted to unite the best features of such contraries as competition and monopoly. He hoped to (...) save the good features of economic institutions while eliminating the bad. Marx, however, declared that no equilibrium was possible between the antagonisms in any given economic system. Social structures were transient historical forms determined by the productive forces: "The handmill gives you society with the feudal lord; the stream mill, society with the industrial capitalist.". (shrink)

This edition of McLellan's comprehensive selection of Marx's writings includes carefully selected extracts from the whole range of Marx's most important pieces alongside a fully revised and updated bibliography and editorial commentary on each document. New editorial introductions to each section of the book provide the reader with the background and context of Marx's writing in each period. Essential reading for anyone wishing for a detailed overview of Marx's political philosophy.

The political doctrine of Karl Marx is to be found in a broad range of both published and unpublished writings. This volume, the first of two which together span his entire output, presents his early texts of 1843-7, which predate the Communist Manifesto. excerpts from the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right and from the Paris Notebooks, Points on the State and Bourgeois Society and other writings are newly translated and arranged in a sequence that illuminates the development of (...) Marx's thought, while the introduction discusses the intellectual context of the theories he constructed. A chronology of Marx's life and career and an annotated bibliography complete a volume which will be an invaluable guide to the formation of one of the most influential doctrines in the history of political thought. (shrink)

First Published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Originally published on the eve of the 1848 European revolutions, The Communist Manifesto is a condensed and incisive account of the worldview Marx and Engels developed during their hectic intellectual and political collaboration. Formulating the principles of dialectical materialism, they believed that labor creates wealth, hence capitalism is exploitive and antithetical to freedom. -/- This new edition includes an extensive introduction by Gareth Stedman Jones, Britain's leading expert on Marx and Marxism, providing a complete course for students of (...) The Communist Manifesto, and demonstrating not only the historical importance of the text, but also its place in the world today. (shrink)

This is a new and extensive introduction to Marx for the beginner. It includes selections from all of Marx's major works; each section is preceded by an editors' introduction.

It features Easton and Guddat's own highly regarded translations (based on the best German editions as well as on the original manuscripts and first editions) ...

Karl Marx, neu gelesen: Auszüge aus dem Kapital sowie aus Marx' anderen Werken und Briefen, die einen ersten Einblick in sein Denken vermitteln.

Marx was barely 25 when he produced this astonishing rich body of work-including economic and Philosophical Manuscripts and On the Jewish Question.