Abstract

Definition of the problem: While the main focus of the discussion on medical ethics concerns the physician’s conflicts as a result of rationing medical care, this paper postulates that resource allocation with indirect impact on the level of morbidity and mortality of a population also provides an important topic in medical ethics. In particular, increasing social inequalities in health are observed in many of the economically most advanced societies. Arguments: The social gradient of mortality in midlife is widening despite increasing health expenditures and medical progress. Five explanations for this widening social gradient are briefly discussed. Of particular interest is the last one of these explanations, pointing to a higher prevalence of exposure to chronically stressful material and psychosocial environments, particularly work environments, among lower socio-economic status groups. One such type of stressful psychosocial work environment is characterized by violations of the norms of social reciprocity and distributive justice. The model of effort-reward imbalance has been developed by the author to test adverse effects on health produced by these violations. Selected results from three large epidemiological studies on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in midlife are presented that support the model. Conclusion: To reduce social inequalities in health, health policy decisions about resource allocation are needed that address these specific working and living conditions that act as determinants of unequalities in health