From a certain point of view, mass tourism is undeniably part —and an expression— of contemporary acceleration. However, what we defend is that desire for difference —which originally nestles in the dream of traveling, before the appearance of the subject as tourist— responds to a desire for slowdown. In the time of pause and exception of the tourist experience, this desire acts as a generator of a symbolism —or an imagery— that seeks to preserve, protect, restore and promote difference, reality, (...) localness, past, tradition, folklore, nature, the other… beyond the —already insufficient— debate on authenticity. In this way, the importance of rescuing tourism from mere marketing could be shown, as well as to start to think about it from its relevance to humanities and its ethical commitment. (shrink)

El presente artículo muestra en qué medida una atenta lectura de la sección de Ideas II dedicada a la actitud personalista podría con-tribuir eficazmente a deshacer algunas de las críticas dirigidas por el primer Heidegger a Husserl –críticas que calan en el lector inadvertido de Heidegger, desanimando de la lectura de Husserl. Concretamente, en Ideas II se ofrecen pistas para abordar la reflexión desde un cierto distanciamiento crítico, en tanto que desde la actitud personalista no podría entronizarse una reflexión como (...) aquella en que se ejercita el fenomenólogo; y, por otra parte, desmiente que fuese válido el reproche que dirige Heidegger a Husserl en el sentido de que la “lupa fenomenológica” supondría un énfasis analítico y teórico que desvirtuaría una descripción fiel de la proximidad no reflexiva en que vivimos en nuestro mundo circundante cotidiano. Finalmente, se apela al pluralismo de las perspectivas de cara a abordar la complejidad de nuestro circunmundo cotidiano, tomando como referencia el perspectivismo orteguiano.This article shows how much a careful reading of the Ideas II section dedicated to the personalistic attitude could effectively contribute to undo certain criticism directed by the first Heidegger to Husserl–criticism that permeate an inadvertent reader of Heidegger discouraging of Husserl´s reading. Concretely, Ideas II offers clues to approach reflection from a certain critical detachment, insofar as a reflection like one in which phenomenologist exercises could not be enthroned from the personalistic attitude; and, on the other hand, it denies the validity of the reproach directed by Heidegger to Husserl in the sense that the "phenomenological magnifying glass" would suppose an analytical and theoretical emphasis that would distort a faithful description of the non-reflective proximity in which we live in our everyday surrounding world. Finally, we appeal to the pluralism of perspectives in order to address the complexity of our everyday surrounding world, taking as reference the Orteguian perspectivism. (shrink)

Aunque inicialmente la propuesta de A. Schütz resulta esclarecedora y sugerente, sin embargo, al proponer hablar de ámbitos finitos de sentido en lugar de realidades múltiples, se puede encubrir una posibilidad de mala interpretación del proyecto trascendental de la fenomenología. Ello estaría en función de la gran importancia que detenta en Schütz no sólo la actitud natural, sino el mundo de la “realidad práctica”. Me propongo plantear esta problemática a la luz del proyecto husserliano de fenomenología trascendental presentado en Ideen (...) I.Although initially the proposal of A. Schütz is enlightening and suggestive, nevertheless, on having proposed to speak about finite provinces of meaning instead of multiple realities, it is possible to conceal a possibility of bad interpretation of the transcendental project of Phenomenology. It would be depending on the great importance that holds in Schütz not only the natural attitude, but the world of the “practical reality”. I intend to raise this issue in the light of Husserls transcendental phenomenology project presented in Ideen I. (shrink)

El chismorreo puede parecer un comportamiento anecdótico en el contexto de una microsociología de la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, cuando los medios de comunicación lo convierten en un tema masivo y rentable, cabe pensar que el conocimiento que ofrecen de la vida privada o íntima de los otros tiene relevancia ética y política en la imagen peculiar y ejemplarizante de la humanidad y de la propia comunidad, así como en las opciones axiológicas, con inevitables repercusiones en el prestigio de la (...) democracia. Para indagar este tema, se parte del estudio sobre la actualidad o inactualidad del pensamiento de Plutarco sobre el fisgoneo. Gossip might appear to be an anecdotal type of behavior in the context of the micro-sociology of everyday life. However, since the media have turned it into a profitable mass topic, it might be reasonable to think that the knowledge it provides about the private life of others is ethically and politically relevant for the peculiar and exemplary image of humanity and of the community itself, as well as for axiological options, thus inevitably affecting the prestige of democracy. In order to explore this issue, the article starts out by examining the currency or lack thereof of Plutarch's thoughts on gossip. (shrink)

Resumen El artículo se propone una relectura de ¿Qué es una nación?, de Ernest Renan (1882), a fin de rescatarlo para el debate contemporáneo. Para ello, propone no supeditar la interpretación de dicho texto a su concreta circunstancia histórica y leer a Renan más allá de la ideología nacionalista. A tal fin, enfoca la dinámica de olvido y memoria en la nación, según Renan, así como las “puestas entre paréntesis” que permitirían abordar metodológicamente “qué es” una nación, en el marco (...) general del humanismo de Renan.Palabras claveRenan, Nación, plebiscito, humanismo, democracia AbstractThis article proposes a re-reading of What is a Nation? by Ernest Renan (1882) in order to rescue it for the contemporary debate. Therefore, instead of submitting the interpretation of this text to its specific historical circumstances, we suggest reading Renan beyond the nationalist ideology. To fulfil our aim, we focus on the dynamics of Forgetting and Memory in the nation, according to Renan, as well as the “put between brackets” that would allow a methodological approach to “what is” a nation, within the general framework of Renan’s humanism.KeywordsRenan, Nation, plebiscite, humanism, democracy. (shrink)

Resumen El artículo se propone una relectura de ¿Qué es una nación?, de Ernest Renan (1882), a fin de rescatarlo para el debate contemporáneo. Para ello, propone no supeditar la interpretación de dicho texto a su concreta circunstancia histórica y leer a Renan más allá de la ideología nacionalista. A tal fin, enfoca la dinámica de olvido y memoria en la nación, según Renan, así como las “puestas entre paréntesis” que permitirían abordar metodológicamente “qué es” una nación, en el marco (...) general del humanismo de Renan.Palabras claveRenan, Nación, plebiscito, humanismo, democracia AbstractThis article proposes a re-reading of What is a Nation? by Ernest Renan (1882) in order to rescue it for the contemporary debate. Therefore, instead of submitting the interpretation of this text to its specific historical circumstances, we suggest reading Renan beyond the nationalist ideology. To fulfil our aim, we focus on the dynamics of Forgetting and Memory in the nation, according to Renan, as well as the “put between brackets” that would allow a methodological approach to “what is” a nation, within the general framework of Renan’s humanism.KeywordsRenan, Nation, plebiscite, humanism, democracy. (shrink)

El chismorreo puede parecer un comportamiento anecdótico en el contexto de una microsociología de la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, cuando los medios de comunicación lo convierten en un tema masivo y rentable, cabe pensar que el conocimiento que ofrecen de la vida privada o íntima de los otros tiene r..

In the present article it is proposed to think about the possibility of an ethics in times of precariousness; on the one hand, through the figure of the Other that appears as a Face in E. Lévinas’ ethics of responsibility, as it is received by Butler in Precarious Life. And, on the other hand, through a proposal to re-read, which we believe it is necessary, the passage known as the “Parable of the Good Samaritan”, key-text in our pre-understanding-hermeneutical background about (...) the link between ethics and openness to the Other. That re-reading would help us to think about the possibility of an ethics that articulates care as assistance to the Other and delegation to an “Other” of the Other, that is usually forgotten. (shrink)

Es difícil pensar tanto la vida moral como la vida comunitaria fuera dela tensión entre los Otros y el sí-mismo. Por una parte, de cara a la cohesión dela sociedad y a que la persona singular encuentre su dimensión comunitaria, sehace necesaria una suerte de vida transparente, sin secretos, a fuer de honesta.Sin embargo, por otra parte, cuando el entorno social es moralmente cuestionable,se hace imprescindible una paideía privada que permita la orientación moral delsujeto personal, por más que ello le (...) reporte soledad e incomprensión por parte desus conciudadanos, debiendo, entonces, construir un espacio de privacidad. (shrink)

The main aim of this article is to reflect on the impact of biases related to artificial intelligence (AI) systems developed to tackle issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, with special focus on those developed for triage and risk prediction. A secondary aim is to review assessment tools that have been developed to prevent biases in AI systems. In addition, we provide a conceptual clarification for some terms related to biases in this particular context. We focus mainly on nonracial biases (...) that may be less considered when addressing biases in AI systems in the existing literature. In the manuscript, we found that the existence of bias in AI systems used for COVID-19 can result in algorithmic justice and that the legal frameworks and strategies developed to prevent the apparition of bias have failed to adequately consider social determinants of health. Finally, we make some recommendations on how to include more diverse professional profiles in order to develop AI systems that increase the epistemic diversity needed to tackle AI biases during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. (shrink)

The goal of this research is to know and compare the emotions and reactions to confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with high abilities and community samples. This is a mixed study with an exploratory reach that is descriptive, and which combines survey and qualitative methodologies to examine the emotions and reactions to confinement experiences of children and adolescents aged between 5 and 14 years. An online poll was designed with 46 questions, grouped into three sections: (...) General Data, Reactions to the health contingencies of COVID-19, and Positive and negative emotions. This last section was included the Oros’ positive emotions questionnaire and the scales of the negative effect of the PANAS Schedule positive and negative affect on children and adolescents between 8 and 14 years old. Data were collected online with a convenience sample. Quantitative data were analyzed with the SPSS statistics program and qualitative data with Alceste software. Among the main findings is the fact that there are no significant differences between the groups by ability in terms of reactions and emotions; however, there are differences between age groups and sex. The study discusses the implications for educational intervention in situations like the current pandemic. (shrink)

RESUMENLos progresos tecnológicos y teóricos alcanzados por las neurociencias en estos últimos veinticinco añis, y sus implicaciones para la filosofía, han renovado las posibilidades de aproximación entre ambas, propiciando el desarrollo de un nuevo ámbito de estudio dentro de la filosofía: la neurofilosofía. El presente trabajo se propone sugerir cómo este campo emergente podría ser concebido como un punto de encuentro para la reflexión conjunta y la interacción entre filosofía y neurociencias, no marcado necesariamente por la absorción de la primera (...) por la segunda.PALABRAS CLAVENEUROFILOSOFÍA, FILOSOFÍA, NEUROCIENCIAS, CIENCIAS COGNITIVASABSTRACTThe technological and theoretical advances in neurosciencies in the past twenty-five years, as well as their implications for philosophy have opened promising perspectives for the renewal of approache between both, thus encouraging the development of a arising field within philosophy: neurophilosophy. The purpose of this paper is to suggest how this new field study could be considered to be a point of union for the joint reflection and interaction between philosophy and neurosciencies, without the first being absorbed by the second.KEYWORDSNEUROPHILOSOPHY, PHILOSOPHY, NEUROSCIENCES, COGNITIVE SCIENCES. (shrink)

RESUMENLa duración ha sido una de las nociones que ha hecho célebre la filosofía bergsoniana y es, sin duda, su noción central. La encontramos presente ya en el Ensayo referida a la vida psicológica. Más tarde, en La evolución creadora, Bergson la extiende a los seres vivos, a la evolución de las especies y, posteriormente, a todo el universo. Es pues, el tejido mismo de lo real. centrándonos en la duración "psicológica", este trabajo pretende mostrar la concepción bergsoniana del acto (...) libre y la libertad que de ella se desprende. PALABRAS CLAVEDURACION-ACTO LIBRE-TIEMPO FISICO-CONSCIENCIAABSTRACTThe duration has been one of the concepts wich has made Bergson's philosophhy famous and it is undoubtly its key concept. We already find it present in Essai concerning psychological life, and later on, in L'evolution creatrice. Bergson extends it to living beings, to the evolution of the species and still to whole universe. Therefore, it is the very "stuff" of reality. being imposible to deal with this concept under these aspects, in this paper, we will focus on the "psychological" duration, in order to demonstrate that this notion means a conception of the free act and the freedom concerned. KEYWORDSDURATION-FREE ACT-PHYSICAL TIMES-CONCIOUSNESS. (shrink)

RESUMENAunque Bergson no ignoró las tesis de Freud ni el psicoanálisis, sin embargo las divergencias entre los dos pensadores respecto al inconsciente resultan, en gran medida, irreconciliables. El presente trabajo pretende mostrar que sus intereses en este ámbito fueron dispares: mientras Freud se interesó por el funcionamiento de los procesos inconscientes atendiendo a un punto de vista experimental más que especulativo, a Bergson le preocupa su existencia y naturaleza.PALABRAS CLAVEINCONSCIENTE – PSICOLOGÍA – BERGSON – FREUD ABSTRACTAlthough Bergson did not ignore (...) Freud’s theses nor phychoanalysis, their divergencies concerning the unconcious are, to a great extent, irrenconciliable. The present article intentds to demostrate that ther interests were completely different : whereas Freud was interested in the unconcious processes from an experimental rather than a spectualtive point of view, Bergson was concerned with their existence and nature.KEYWORDSUNCONSCIOUS – PSYCHOLOGY – BEGSON – FREUD. (shrink)

El presente libro, editado de manera conjunta por la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la BUAP y el Instituto de Filosofía de La Habana, reúne algunos de los principales resultados del Proyecto de Investigación Coordenadas epistemológicas para el análisis estético de la cultura y su relación con el consumo, coordinado por el Grupo de Investigación sobre Estética, Cultura y Arte, perteneciente a la institución cubana, con la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos de Estética y Arte y La Estética y (...) Los Medios, ambos asociados a la Maestría en Estética y Arte de la BUAP. Componen el libro tres partes fundamentales. La primera está referida a los problemas epistemológicos y axiológicos que supone la compleja relación actual entre estética, arte y cultura; la segunda centra su atención en el tema del consumo, abordado desde una perspectiva teórico-general y en sus ricos vínculos con la cultura y el arte; la tercera pone en evidencia la movilidad del consumo cultural a través de todo el entramado social, destacando sus nexos con diferentes facetas de la vida social. (shrink)

What does it mean to live and build up the Kingdom of God? In this book, professor and priest Alberto de Mingo Kaminouchi introduces the contemporary reader to Christian ethics by examining the New Testament through the three key concepts of Aristotle’s ethics: happiness, virtue, and love. In turn, the three affirmations orient this reflection through the Gospel. First, when the triune God appears on the horizon, it becomes easier to understand that existence has a purpose: namely, participating with (...) the entire human family in this project of happiness called the Kingdom of God. Second, happiness is not something outside of us; it consists in the practice of the virtues that bring about a personal transformation. Third, the project of the Kingdom leads us to live in love with others. De Mingo Kaminouchi shows the reader a real model of this in the community we call the church, the “field hospital” for all those in need of hope. This book is accessibly written for readers not already well-versed in Christian ethics. (shrink)

In this paper we present a new framework of idealization in biology. We characterize idealizations as a network of counterfactual and hypothetical conditionals that can exhibit different “degrees of contingency”. We use this idea to say that, in departing more or less from the actual world, idealizations can serve numerous epistemic, methodological or heuristic purposes within scientific research. We defend that, in part, this structure explains why idealizations, despite being deformations of reality, are so successful in scientific practice. For illustrative (...) purposes, we provide an example from population genetics, the Wright-Fisher Model. (shrink)

In this paper we present a new framework of idealization in biology. We characterize idealizations as a network of counterfactual and hypothetical conditionals that can exhibit different "degrees of contingency". We use this idea to say that, in departing more or less from the actual world, idealizations can serve numerous epistemic, methodological or heuristic purposes within scientific research. We defend that, in part, this structure explains why idealizations, despite being deformations of reality, are so successful in scientific practice. For illustrative (...) purposes, we provide an example from population genetics, the Wright-Fisher Model. (shrink)

Goodman’s style may be elusive sometimes, so that it may result difficult to interpret what he really has in mind. This is a consequence of his masterful use of irony and metaphorical language. This difficulty of interpretation affects important parts of his philosophical thoughts and had led to misunderstandings. In the present article, I discuss the significance of Goodman’s pluralism, one of his most relevant theses. I try to show that Goodman’s pluralism does not lead to skepticism or the relativism (...) of “anything goes”. One of the most common arguments directed against Goodman’s pluralism is that his attempt to provide a genuine standard of “rightness” fails, leaving us without a conception of truth or an appropriate substitute. I will argue that the conclusion of this argument is false, trying to show that Goodman’s aim of defending an irrealist pluralism is perfectly coherent and defensible against the common interpretation of his critics. (shrink)

En el presente artículo, se examinan y discuten dos argumentos con consecuencias reduccionistas debidos a Jaegwon Kim y a Theodore Sider respectivamente. De acuerdo con el argumento de Kim, la superveniencia fuerte implicaría la coexistencia necesaria de propiedades (es decir, tal y como normalmente se interpreta, la reducción). De acuerdo con el de Sider, ocurriría lo mismo con la superveniencia global. Uno y otro hacen un uso esencial de sendas nociones de propiedad maximal, las cuales son discutidas aquí a la (...) luz de una interpretación natural e interesante de la teoría de las propiedades implícita en sus argumentos. Bajo esta nueva interpretación, en términos modelo-teóricos (véase apartado 4), obtenemos diversas posibilidades de relaciones formales entre las tesis de superveniencia y la reducción, según la lógica utilizada. Al menos bajo una interpretación interesante, los argumentos de Kim y Sider no son correctos, quedando demos-trado así que dichos argumentos no son válidos en general. We discuss and analyze two reductive arguments due to Jaegwon Kim and Theodore Sider respectively. According to the first one, strong supervenience would imply necessary coextension of properties (i.e., reduction). According to the second, this would be also the case of global supervenience. Kim and Sider make essential use of their respective notions of maximal properties, which we analyze here in the light of a natural and interesting interpretation of the underlying theory of properties. Under this interpretation, in terms of model theory (see § 4), we obtain different possibilities of formal relations between the superveniencie theses and reduction, depending on the logic we use. Under at least one interesting interpretation, the arguments of Kim and Sider are not correct and we become the conclusion that these arguments are not valid in general. (shrink)

En el presente artículo, se examinan y discuten dos argumentos con consecuencias reduccionistas debidos a Jaegwon Kim y a Theodore Sider respectivamente. De acuerdo con el argumento de Kim, la superveniencia fuerte implicaría la coexistencia necesaria de propiedades (es decir, tal y como normalmente se interpreta, la reducción). De acuerdo con el de Sider, ocurriría lo mismo con la superveniencia global. Uno y otro hacen un uso esencial de sendas nociones de propiedad maximal, las cuales son discutidas aquí a la (...) luz de una interpretación natural e interesante de la teoría de las propiedades implícita en sus argumentos. Bajo esta nueva interpretación, en términos modelo-teóricos (véase apartado 4), obtenemos diversas posibilidades de relaciones formales entre las tesis de superveniencia y la reducción, según la lógica utilizada. Al menos bajo una interpretación interesante, los argumentos de Kim y Sider no son correctos, quedando demos-trado así que dichos argumentos no son válidos en general. We discuss and analyze two reductive arguments due to Jaegwon Kim and Theodore Sider respectively. According to the first one, strong supervenience would imply necessary coextension of properties (i.e., reduction). According to the second, this would be also the case of global supervenience. Kim and Sider make essential use of their respective notions of maximal properties, which we analyze here in the light of a natural and interesting interpretation of the underlying theory of properties. Under this interpretation, in terms of model theory (see § 4), we obtain different possibilities of formal relations between the superveniencie theses and reduction, depending on the logic we use. Under at least one interesting interpretation, the arguments of Kim and Sider are not correct and we become the conclusion that these arguments are not valid in general. (shrink)