In this article, I will analyse the conduct of the Brazilian legislative process regarding new reproductive technologies, mainly the moral assumptions of three categories that are essential to the debate: the status of the child generated by these techniques; the number of embryos transferred in each cycle ; and the issue of women’s eligibility for such techniques. The analysis will be a sociological study of the Brazilian legislative debate, using feminist perspectives in ethics as the theoretical reference. The focus will (...) be the bills in progress in the Brazilian National Congress, the public and official declarations of legislators involved in the issue and the regulation of the medical class, which has influenced the legislative process. Aside from the analysis of the legislative process, I include a section on the justification of these bills, since that is where the legislator exposes what he/she believes is the moral support for the bill. (shrink)

In this article, I will analyse the conduct of the Brazilian legislative process regarding new reproductive technologies, mainly the moral assumptions of three categories that are essential to the debate: the status of the child generated by these techniques; the number of embryos transferred in each cycle (as well as foetal reduction); and the issue of women’s eligibility for such techniques. The analysis will be a sociological study of the Brazilian legislative debate, using feminist perspectives in ethics as the theoretical (...) reference. The focus will be the bills in progress in the Brazilian National Congress, the public and official declarations of legislators involved in the issue and the regulation of the medical class, which has influenced the legislative process. Aside from the analysis of the legislative process, I include a section on the justification of these bills, since that is where the legislator exposes what he/she believes is the moral support for the bill. (shrink)

Book reviewedJames F. Keenan, Catholic Ethicists on HIV/AIDS Prevention.

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the Brazilian Supreme Court ruling on the case of anencephaly. In Brazil, abortion is a crime against the life of a fetus, and selective abortion of non‐viable fetuses is prohibited. Following a paradigmatic case discussed by the Brazilian Supreme Court in 2004, the use of abortion was authorized in the case of a fetus with anencephaly. The objective of this paper is to analyze the ethical arguments of the case, in particular the strategy of avoiding the moral (...) status of the fetus, the cornerstone thesis of the Catholic Church. (shrink)

In this article the authors briefly sketch the nature of Brazilian bioethics. Bioethics emerged in Brazil later than in other Western countries and the 1990’s were the most important period for the spread of the discipline in the country. It is in this period that some structural elements of bioethics were established, such as research groups, regulation of Local Research Ethics Committees (Comitês Locais de Ética em Pesquisa – CEP), the creation of the National Commission of Ethics in Research with (...) Human Beings (Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos – CONEP) and the Brazilian Bioethics Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética – SBB). With regard to theoretical work, Brazilian bioethics is clearly an importer of theories from countries central to the studies of bioethics, or, in another words, countries where bioethics first emerged and was established. The most commonly used theory among Brazilian researchers is principlism. (shrink)

Brazilian bioethics became consolidated in the 1990s. It was during this time that teaching and research centers were instituted, associative groups were created, and the first papers of Brazilian authors were published. In Brazil, the first years of teaching and research in bioethics were marked by a strong influence of the United States, particularly in the theoretic and thematic fields. Among the main topics of discussion were subjects related to the end of life and to research involving human beings, and (...) bioethics was then chiefly influenced by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress's theory of the four principles. (shrink)

In Brazil, social science research ethics is a field still under construction and subject to intense dispute. The aim of this paper is to discuss how accepted principles of biomedical research ethics can be incorporated into the ethical review of social sciences, particularly open interviews, ethnographic research, and participant observation. The paper uses a case study—the ethnographic documentary "Severina's Story"—as the basis for analysis of the methodological and ethical issues raised in social science research. To promote ethical social science research, (...) based on principles such as human rights and the protection of vulnerable populations, institutional review boards must be sensitive to the epistemological and methodological particularities of all fields of human subjects research. (shrink)

In Brazil, social science research ethics is a field still under construction and subject to intense dispute. The aim of this paper is to discuss how accepted principles of biomedical research ethics can be incorporated into the ethical review of social sciences, particularly open interviews, ethnographic research, and participant observation. The paper uses a case study—the ethnographic documentary "Severina's Story"—as the basis for analysis of the methodological and ethical issues raised in social science research. To promote ethical social science research, (...) based on principles such as human rights and the protection of vulnerable populations, institutional review boards must be sensitive to the epistemological and methodological particularities of all fields of human subjects research. (shrink)

In Brazil, social science research ethics is a field still under construction and subject to intense dispute. The aim of this paper is to discuss how accepted principles of biomedical research ethics can be incorporated into the ethical review of social sciences, particularly open interviews, ethnographic research, and participant observation. The paper uses a case study—the ethnographic documentary Severina’s Story—as the basis for analysis of the methodological and ethical issues raised in social science research. To promote ethical social science research, (...) based on principles such as human rights and the protection of vulnerable populations, institutional review boards must be sensitive to the epistemological and methodological particularities of all fields of human subjects research. (shrink)

Developing World Bioethics, Volume 21, Issue 4, Page 151-152, December 2021.

Time plays in different ways in relation to pandemics. Since the early 2000s, for instance, a sense of urgency has been cultivated in anticipation of the "next pandemic"—a rather generative framework that set in place a body of knowledges, practices, resources, and infrastructures unevenly distributed around the world in preparation for a health crisis that was always just around the corner. The omnipresence of the pandemic-to-come created a time of preparedness, of an ongoing expectation of a threat projected into the (...) near future. When the pandemic finally became present, response schemes developed within the realms of biosecurity and of global public health triggered off the time of... (shrink)

Rather than a natural product, a computational analysis leads us to characterize déjà vu as a failure of memory retrieval, linked to the activation in neocortex of familiar items from a compositional memory in the absence of hippocampal input, and to a misappropriation by the self of what is of others.

ABSTRACT In this article, we seek, based on the analysis of publications and receptions of works that comprise the referential of Dialogic Discourse Analysis (DDA) in Brazil and a resumption of the trajectory already traced by Brazilian researchers, discuss the path that led to the consolidation of DDA in the country. Thus, four phases of DDA in Brazil are listed. At the first reception phase, scattered readings were identified, based on publications of some works from the Bakhtin Circle in Russian, (...) French, English, Spanish and Italian. The second phase, on its turn, was marked by the publication of the first Brazilian editions of the Circle’s works. At the third phase, Brazilian scholars sought to systematize the concepts and methodologies present in the Circle’s works. Finally, at the last phase, in which we currently are, we seek to consolidate and contextualize DDA more and more through, mainly, the publication of works translated by DDA’s researchers, with critical and historical notes. (shrink)

Over the years, researchers have enriched the postulation that hedonic products generate deeper emotional reactions and feelings in the consumer than functional products. However, recent research empirically proves that hedonic products are more affect-rich only for some consumers segments or for specific consumption contexts. We argue that such inconsistency may derive from the nature of the emotions assessed, that is strictly dependent on their empirical measurement, and not from the mere existence of emotions themselves. Self-reported methods of evaluating consumer experience, (...) on which prior studies are grounded, only assess conscious emotions the consumer can recognize and report, but not unconscious feelings, happening without individual awareness. The present work takes this challenge by conducting a laboratory experiment in which subjects are exposed to both a utilitarian product and a hedonic product. Physiological measures have been adopted to investigate unconscious emotional responses and self-reported measures to assess conscious emotions toward the products. Specifically, physiological data regarding the subjects' cardiac activity, respiratory activity, electrodermal activity, and cerebral activity have been collected and complemented with a survey. Results confirm that both functional and hedonic products generate emotional responses in consumers. Further, findings show that when a consumer is exposed to a functional product, the physiological emotional responses are disassociated from the self-reported ones. A diverse pattern is depicted for hedonic products. We suggest an alternative explanation for the apparent lack of affect-rich experiences elicited by functional products and the need to re-consider emotional responses for these products. (shrink)

A geografia viúva da revolução -- A impotência das teorias críticas no domínio prático e a lógica dos maus perdedores -- Das origens às novas gerações da geocrítica : a doutrinação no sistema de ensino -- A geografia escolar : doutrinação ideológica e incapacidade de desenvolver competências -- Um balanço final e um último questionamento.

O presente artigo visa demonstrar a possibilidade de uma justificação e fundamentação racionais da ética, bem assim o seu sentido, segundo o pensamento do filósofo Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz. Para tanto, será realizado um exame da fenomenologia do ethos, como objeto da ciência Ética; em seguida, será abordada a questão do sentido de uma justificação e fundamentação racionais da ética, na realidade contemporânea e, finalmente, será apresentada a proposta de Lima Vaz, a partir de dois caminhos convergentes e que (...) culminam apontando a Antropologia Filosófica e a Metafísica como base de tal justificação e fundamentação racional, cuja universalidade decorre do fato mesmo de ser, a Ética, fundamentada na razão filosófica, igualmente universal. (shrink)