Literature, especially poetry, has undoubtedly had a great place in the cultural history of the Arabs. Arab poet in the period of ignorance; It had many critical functions, such as making the heroism of the tribesmen epic, immortalizing the names of the deceased, and providing a kind of psychological superiority by satirizing the opposing tribes and people. Poetry continued to exist in all areas of life after Islam, as poetry spread to the cultural codes of the Arabs. As a manifestation (...) of this, poems were utilized to the maximum in Islamic disciplines that were formed in the following years. Arabic poetry has been one of the reference sources of Islamic sciences such as tafsir, hadith and qiraat, not just linguistic studies such as nahiv. The application of the process of bringing evidence from this poem, which is termed as istishhad in istilah, is also seen in the hadith annotations. While the commentators were looking for the meaning of some strange words in the hadiths in poetry, they sometimes included one or a few couplets that fully agreed with the meaning of the hadith. In this study, it has been examined how the poems of the Abbasid poet al-Mutanabbī, whose poems are frequently referred to in the hadith commentaries, are handled in these sources. It is foreseen that the results of the research will provide data to the researchers of Arabic language and rhetoric and hadith. (shrink)

In this article, it was aimed to determine the knowledge status of physicians about the forms used in obtaining informed consent and according to these determinations; It is aimed to provide information and suggestions to physicians that will contribute to obtaining consent in accordance with medical law and ethics. Material and Method: A questionnaire was created to determine the knowledge status of the physicians about the titles that should be included in the informed consent form (such as the diagnosis of (...) the patient, the harms, risks, benefits of the intervention, healing process, probability of success), and who should receive informed consent. This questionnaire was delivered to physicians online. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS program. Descriptive statistical analyzes were used in the evaluation of personal information. In the evaluation of the data, frequencies and percentage distributions were taken. The analyzed data were evaluated in terms of compliance with legal regulations and medical ethics. Results: 139 physicians working in a private hospital participated in the survey voluntarily. Approximately 90% of the participants think that the complications that occur as a result of the diagnosis and intervention, approximately 85% of the benefits of the intervention and the problems of the recovery period, about 75% of the consequences of not performing the intervention, about 55% of the probability of success should be included in the form of informed consent.. More than 85% of the participating physicians expressed their opinion to agree with the article about the necessity of obtaining consent by the physician. Discussion and Conclusion: It can be accepted as a positive situation that physicians express their opinions in accordance with medical law about the information that should be included in the informed consent form. However, considering the legal values protected by informed consent, it was suggested to take measures to reduce the rates of disagreement and indecision by emphasizing the views of physicians on disagreement and indecision. (shrink)

ZusammenfassungIn der Nachkriegszeit war die bevorzugte Methode zur Nutzbarmachung von Flüssen die sogenannte integrierte Flussgebietsplanung (integrated river basin planning – IRBP), die eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung des Flussgebiets für eine Mehrzweckentwicklung erforderte. Während das Flusseinzugsgebiet in den Definitionen des IRBP-Konzepts als selbstverständliche natürliche Einheit der Planung angesehen wird, problematisiert dieser Artikel die Flusseinzugsgebietsidee und enthüllt die Politik hinter dem, was als natürlich (oder wissenschaftlich) gilt, mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf den Erfahrungen der Türkei mit IRBP. Er untersucht geopolitische und nationale Motivationen und (...) Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit politics of scale im Euphrat-Tigris-Becken. Indem es sich dem IRBP als einem Prozess der Skalenbildung nähert, stützt es sich auf Diskussionen über Skalenpolitik in der Literatur zur politischen Ökologie, und ergänzt diese Diskussionen um eine historische Tiefendimension hinzu. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der politischen und ökologischen Geschichte der Südosttürkei, die zum Schauplatz des ersten und umfangreichsten IRBP-Projekts der Türkei wurde, dem Südostanatolien-Projekt (GAP).Der Artikel dehnt die chronologischen Grenzen des GAP auf die Jahrzehnte vor den 1970er Jahren aus, als das Projekt initiiert wurde. Die historischen Daten des Artikels basieren größtenteils auf den Sitzungsakten der Großen Nationalversammlung der Türkei, den Archiven einer Tageszeitung und den Expertenberichten zum GAP. Die Analyse hebt die Skalenpolitik als mächtigen Bestandteil der Politik der technologischen Entwicklung hervor und zeigt, wie wichtig die historische Analyse ist, um die Politik der Flusseinzugsgebiete in verschiedene Ebenen aufzuschlüsseln, darunter Geopolitik, territoriale Streitigkeiten und internationale Konflikte. (shrink)

Big cities and growing industrial areas bring high risk of different kinds of pollutions which would implicate to the quality of life of the society. Discovering and monitoring of polluted areas using autonomous mobile robots is nowadays a frequently considered solution concerning both environmental and human safety problems. Being part of a distributed control system, such robots can help to improve the efficiency of the existing conventional pollution prevention systems. On the other hand, during the last decade, wireless sensor networks (...) have provoked the interest of specialists from different areas by imposing a large number of theoretical and practical challenges related to their implementation. This paper attempts to deal with both issues by presenting a possible way for building robotized WSNs that can be suitable for solving different environmental monitoring tasks. The goal is to transform the WSN into an adaptive sensor system with intelligent behavior that can be used to discover and track spots or areas where given monitored environmental parameters violate defined thresholds. The inclusion of robotized agents into the WSN structure can provide additional flexibility with respect to the installation of the network sensors and allow reliable information gathering and transfer. The proposed algorithmic methods have been tested on a pre-built laboratory prototype of a robotized WSN. The robotized agents have been built using iRobot Create mobile platforms that are additionally equipped with a single-chip computers Gumstix Verdex pro TM XL6P with various expansion modules. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of the informatization of society on modern methods of training accountants. The article discusses the main directions of changes in the educational process, and also highlights the factors that are tools for modernizing education and accounting. The article considers the conceptual model of open education, as well as its system-forming principles. The features that should influence the organization of the educational process and the methodology of training specialists in (...) accounting are highlighted. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that such elements of open education as an individual approach, flexibility of the educational process, active use of distance learning forms are proposed, which should be actively involved in the training of accountants. As a result, the features that should influence the organization of the educational process and the methodology of training accounting specialists are identified. (shrink)

Our main goal in this article is to discuss the structural and persistent problems experienced by women academics, especially with respect to the gendered divisions of academic tasks and unequal divisions of care obligations in the domestic sphere. The analysis is based on reflexive thematic analysis of the open-ended questions of an online questionnaire on the academic work environment, work satisfaction, stress, academic duties and allocation of tasks, and thoughts on gender equality. Academics from different countries voice their lived experiences, (...) frustrations as well as worries about their future. We aim to highlight how these issues are embedded in the structures of academic capitalism and argue against the tendency to individualise these issues in a bid to inspire an informed collective resistance. (shrink)

This article focuses on the resurgence of women’s movements in Turkey and Norway against the backdrop of their historical trajectories and wider gender policies. Throughout the 2010s, both countries witnessed a similar set of conservative and neoliberal policies that intervened in women’s bodily rights. In both countries, women’s movements responded with mass mobilizations and influenced the political agenda. The proposed restrictions on abortion were interpreted as a restriction on women’s basic bodily rights in both countries. This article argues that a (...) feminist, multidimensional reconceptualization of the concept of citizenship and a definition of abortion as an element of women’s bodily citizenship rights are useful to promote a strong and encompassing argument for mobilization. The comparative analysis shows that the right to control one’s own body has been a unifying issue for women’s movements in Turkey and Norway which are gradually becoming more inclusive. (shrink)

Recent studies claim that having an analytical cognitive style is correlated with reduced religiosity in western populations. However, in cultural contexts where social norms constrain behavior, such cognitive characteristics may have reduced influence on behaviors and beliefs. We labeled this the ‘constraining environments hypothesis.’ In a sample of 246 Muslims in Turkey, the hypothesis was supported for gender. Females face social pressure to be religious. Unlike their male counterparts, they were more religious, less analytical, and their analytical scores were uncorrelated (...) with religiosity. We had predicted an analogous effect for the comparison between monolingual and bilingual students, since English-proficient students are exposed to a wider social environment. The bilingual students were less religious than the monolingual students, yet they were also less analytical. Thus, being analytical was not the path to lower religiosity for the bilingual students. Cognitive styles need to be studied along with social norms in a variety of cultures, to understand religion-cognition relationships. (shrink)

In this article the treatment of animals by the early Christian and Arabic philosophy has been developed, focusing mainly on the work of Isidore of Seville and Al-Farabi. The contribution of this study is to highlight the insufficiently considered aspects of the ontology of animals and of their endorsement as moral "subjects" in both Latin and Arabic literature up to our days.

The writings in which an author expresses his thought may actually be the product of certain cultural practices of his age. The article considers how such practices are manifested in the writings of Isidore of Seville, particularly with respect to the meaning of the metaphor of taste. Isidore borrows this metaphor from texts that explain the process of understanding Scripture and applies it to the achievement of wisdom. On the one hand, the metaphor stresses the transformative aspect of understanding (rather (...) than the informative, scientia). It focuses on the special experience of the reader who senses the sweetness of the text, and not on the application of the text to one’s life. On the other hand, reading and writing were imagined in terms related to food. The text was food that had to be prepared, to ‘read’ meant to ‘taste’, to ‘meditate’ on it meant to ‘ruminate’. Against this background, the writings of Isidore seem to appeal to the memory of the reader and his ability to meditate upon the text and, finally, to experience the taste of wisdom. Only the outermost level of texts was intended to inform the reader. (shrink)

The introduction and proliferation of the double procession of the Holy Spirit formulae in Hispania is a rich topic. There are aspects of it that have been somewhat marginalized, however. Surprisingly, one of those is the evidence from Isidore of Seville, the most celebrated churchman of the seventh century. He had a role in spreading the double procession/ Filioque of the Holy Spirit through some of his works and a council. This study for the first time brings them all together (...) to assess the place of Isidore in making normative the Filioque in the broader context of Visigothic Hispania. This study intends to contribute to the approaching celebration of the 1700 anniversary of the Creed of Nicaea, 325-2025. (shrink)

The article deals with the philosophical component of the legacy of theprominent early Middle Ages, the first encyclopedic Isidore of Seville (560-637).By analyzing the works of foreign medical scholars and writings of Isidore, the author spans the evolution of views on the legacy of the Seville Bishop. Particular importance is given to quotations from ancient literature in the writings of Isidore, the transformation of the meaning of the quotation, which was due to a change in the context, and often the (...) very text, the agreement of these quotation among themselves and the general conclusions of the author. The second book Differentials and the three books of Senencius of Isidore are defined as the original “theological works” that corresponded to the cultural and ideological demands of the European society of the early Middle Ages, formed the foundations of European education, the idea of the appointment of the royal (state) power.The presentation of the doctrine and related problems is carried out in the three books of Senentius, which contain a number of thematic and meaningful parallels with the second book Differentials. The genius of Senentius is reinterpreted by Isidore: this is not just a thematic selection of aphoristic statements; quotations from various works and Isidor’s own maxims are designed in a clear structure), which explains a certain position and “policy” of the author, a strictly defined set of interconnected concepts. In the three books of Senentia, dogmatic, ascetic themes, what is called the “political theology” are considered.Thus, the second book “Differentials” and the three books “Sentence”,marked by us as “theological works”, are expected to contain a wealth of material for historical and philosophical analysis and, above all, philosophical concepts perceived by Isidor through the inheritance of the Fathers of the Church. However, if he can be blamed in a certain way in the reception of philosophy, then a large number of quotations from ancient literature is not simply a reference to the works of predecessors. They represent the consistency of Isidor’s thoughts with his predecessors, as well as his own conclusions. Given that the Sevillian Bishop was extremely lucky and virtually all his works were preserved, it is not surprising that they caused such controversy in the scientific community of the Medievists and not only the Medievists. The analysis of works on revealing their philosophical component continues to this day and the “supporters” of Isidore-philosopher are becoming more and more. Evolution in a positive direction in foreign historiography regarding the value of the Isidor Sevillian heritage is the basis of its new research by representatives of all branches of science. (shrink)

In this paper, we will deal with some aspects concerning the representations of urban space as they are made in some selected passages from the book XV of Isidore of Seville‟s Etymologiae. In this book, Isidore exposes the main words which he employs for describing the urban space. From a grammar-based scrutiny in which we can find four principles of definition – etymology, analogy, gloss, and difference –, Isidore presents the appropriate nuances of the uerba which describe and, at the (...) same time, signifies the res of urban space: ciuitas, urbs, etc. (shrink)

This article examines the influence of Portuguese artisans on the development of navigation and nautical science in Seville in the 16th century. It argues that their work was important not just for the experience and skills they offered, but also because of their indirect impact on the narrative of knowledge dissemination and control in Spanish navigation.

In his De ortu et obitu Patrum, Isidore of Seville elaborates a collection of stories that engage the reader in living the experiences of the characters presented and encourage him to identify with them and imitate them. Following the ways of the biblical heroes, the Sevillian comes to know the One who has called all of them into existence as beings created for coexistence and pro-existence, i.e. to live with and for others. Isidore does not write a history of sinners, (...) but of saints, who become friends of God by building a community with other humans and filling the world with his praise. According to him, both his heroes and his readers are relational beings, open to God and to other creatures, in need of them to achieve their fullness. (shrink)

In the course of the Complaint, which Thomas Hoccleve composed, probably in 1420, as the first part of his so-called Series, the poet claims to have derived comfort from a certain “lamentacioun of a woful man” which he found in a book. There he read of a dialogue between the woeful man and Reason; and he reports the lamentations of the one and the good advice of the other up to the point at which, he says, the owner of the (...) book asked for it back. This text remained a mystery until, in the 1970 volume of this journal, A. G. Rigg identified it as a work of Isidore of Seville, the Synonyma, commonly subtitled De lamentatione animae peccatricis. This Latin treatise of moral advice and spiritual consolation, though now commonly overshadowed by the same author's Etymologiae, was a work widely read and admired in the Middle Ages. Professor Rigg was assisted in his identification by the fact that five of the six surviving copies of the Complaint accompany the English verse with a series of Latin glosses evidently taken from Hoccleve's source. Consulting the Patrologia Latina text of the Synonyma, Rigg found that these glosses could be matched there more or less exactly, scattered over the first twenty-four paragraphs of that edition. (shrink)

Cet article propose une synthèse sur les sources patristiques d’Isidore de Séville, qui est aussi un bilan des travaux les plus récents ou les plus significatifs sur le sujet. De fait, après avoir été longtemps sous-étudiées au profit des sources classiques, les sources patristiques d’Isidore sont de mieux en mieux connues. On en dispose maintenant d’une liste presque complète et il est possible de différencier celles qui sont très peu citées, celles qui sont moyennement utilisées et dont l’influence sur le (...) Sévillan semble relativement limitée, et celles qui sont très importantes, très souvent exploitées, parmi lesquelles dominent Ambroise, Jérôme, Grégoire le Grand et Augustin. (shrink)

How were various strata of local history—Classical, Christian, and Muslim—incorporated into the building of imperial Seville (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries), and what was the impact of the critical approach to evidence developed in Renaissance Italy on actual urban projects? Three case-studies—of a noble palace, the Casa de Pilatos; of a public park, the Alameda de Hércules; and of a carpentry treatise by master builder Diego López de Arenas—reveal the malleable role of historical evidence in monumental construction projects based on classical (...) and Christian ideals and demonstrate a more methodical use of evidence among artisans practicing traditional medieval craftsmanship. (shrink)