Eusebius' magisterial Praeparatio Evangelica offers a defence of Christianity in the face of Greek accusations of irrationality and impiety. Aaron P. Johnson seeks to appreciate Eusebius' contribution to the discourses of Christian identity by investigating the constructions of ethnic identity at the heart of his work.

Die Demonstratio evangelica des Eusebios von Kaisareia hat zu allen Zeiten weit weniger Interesse und Leser gefunden als ihr Gegenstück, die Praeparatio evangelica. Dementsprechend spärlich ist auch die handschriftliche Überlieferung des Textes in byzantinischer Zeit. Die zweite Hälfte des Werkes , die Photios wohl noch kannte, ging bis auf einige Fragmente des XV. Buches verloren, die erste Hälfte ist in vergleichsweise wenigen Handschriften überliefert, von denen nur drei vor dem 15. Jh. entstanden sind. Nach Heikel, von dem (...) die heute noch maßgebende Edition stammt, gehen alle erhaltenen Textzeugen auf den Codex Parisinus gr. 469 aus dem 12. Jh. zurück. Dieser Sachverhalt läßt sich schon daraus erschließen, daß alle weiteren Handschriften – mit zwei zu besprechenden Ausnahmen – zu Beginn , in Buch V und am Ende Lücken aufweisen, die durch Blattverluste im Parisinus bedingt sind. Vor allem die umfangreiche Lücke von 8 Folien zu Beginn des Parisinus hatte eine erhebliche Verstümmelung des Werkes zur Folge, die in den frühen Drucken nicht beseitigt werden konnte. Erst Johann Albert Fabricius druckte in seinem 1725 in Hamburg erschienenen Delectus argumentorum et syllabus scriptorum veritatis religionis Christianae den fehlenden Text des Anfangs und Endes aus einem Codex der Bibliothek des Fürsten der Walachei, Nikolaos Mavrokordatos, ab. Den fehlenden Abschnitt von Buch V ergänzte dann Heikel selbst aus dem Codex Bononiensis 3644 , der nach ihm ebenso wie der ‚Codex Maurocordati‘ des Fabricius eine Abschrift aus dem noch nicht verstümmelten Parisinus ist. (shrink)

Eusebius of Cesarea, in his Praeparatio Evangelica, quotes a large piece of Plotinus’ writing to which Porphyry, in his edition of the Enneads, gave the title “On the Immortality of Soul”. Surprisingly, the piece quoted by Eusebius is absent from the Porphyrian edition. Some reasons for this absence have been adduced: some scholars think that the text quoted by Eusebius might be a trace of the edition of Plotinus’s writings made by Eustochius; others think that it might come (...) from the copies Amelius carried to Apameia. This paper will try to show that the opinion that the text quoted by Eusebius come from an edition other than that of Porphyry is hardly defendable, and that the absence of such piece from Porphyry’s edition can be explained by an accident on the direct tradition of the Enneads. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Notes and Discussions ARISTOTLE'S ALLEGED "REVOLT" AGAINST PLATO Hermippus' most conspicuous contribution to Aristotle's biography probably was his determined effort to depict Aristotle as the founder of an original school of philosophy which was wholly independent of Plato and Platonic teachings. Among the several and, in all likelihood, fanciful stories about Aristotle he invented or propagated, the most startling was the account, subsequently widely accepted (and widely exploited by (...) the detractors of Aristotle), that after having been a disciple of Plato for a while, he seceded from the Academy and from Plato's philosophic teachings while Plato was still alive. 1 Accordingly, he owed little to Plato and to the Academy. This story, invented and propagated by an inveterate Peripatetic (Hermippus), was intended to demonstrate the original philosophic genius of Aristotle which developed in complete independence of Plato and necessitated a break with the master's teachings. In devising his argument, Hermippus might have made use of a report, found in some of Aristotle's ancient biographers, that a few brash young men (members of the Academy?) revolted against Plato and, in a spirit of independence, defiance and antagonism, attempted to start a school of their own which would rival the intellectual standing of the Academy. 2 Hermippus, it appears, subsequently identified these young "rebels" with Aristotle, a substitution convenient to Hermippus" aim to depict Aristotle as a wholly independent and totally original philosopher who owed nothing whatever to Plato and his teachings. In all likelihood, Diogenes Laertius' statement that Aristotle "seceded from the Academy while Plato was still alive," a is just an echo either of a statement made by Hermippus himself or is a conclusion drawn from the several unpleasant stories about Aristotle invented and reported by some of Aristotle's detractors. According to these derogatory stories, there existed many serious personal as well as doctrinal 4 disagreements or rifts between Plato and the Stagirite--disagreeDiogenes Laertius, V. 2. See also Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica, XV. 2. 3, and ibid., XV. 2. 13 (Aristoxenus); Aelian, Varia Historia, IV. 9; Theodoretus, Graecorum Affectionum Curatio, IV. 46; St. Augustine, De Civitate Dei, VIII. 12; Philoponus, Comment. in Aristotelis Analytica Posteriora, CIAG, vol. XIII, part 3, pp. 133, 30 ft. 2 See Aelius Aristides, Oratio XLVI, 249. 10. See also note 1, supra. s Diogenes Laertius, V. 2. See also Vita Aristotelis Marciana 9; Vita Aristotelis Latina 9. 9 See, for instance, Plutarch, Adversus Coloten 14 (Moralia, III5A); Cicero, Academica I. 9. 33; Eusebius, op. cir., XV. 2, passim; Diogenes Laertius III. 37; Justin Martyr, Cohortatio ad Graecos 5 (Migne, PG. vol. VI. p. 247); Cyrillus, Contra Julianum II. 47; Proclus, [91] 92 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY ments whichmarred the relations between these two men and which were indicative of Aristotle's ingratitude, bad taste and unwarranted conceit. The report of Diogenes Laertius, in an oblique manner, may also refer to the fact that already during his active association with the Platonic Academy (367-348 B.c.), that is, in his On (the) Ideas and On the Good, Aristotle had begun to disagree with, and criticize, some of Plato's fundamental teachings. It may also, in a distorted form, refer to the following specific incident which, however, cannot be verified: According to Aristoxenus, during the absence of Plato in Syracuse (and while Heracleides of Pontus was the "acting scholarch" of the Academy),5 some unnamed young members of the Academy, or "students" or, perhaps, some "outsiders " attempted to start a rival school (within the Academy?).6 As a matter of fact, Aelian, who apparently dramatizes this incident, reports that during Plato's last years, that is, some time after Plato's return from his third and last voyage to Syracuse, a serious conflict or confrontation arose within the Academy. Aristotle, together with some of his friends, or "conspirators," we are told, harrassed and molested the aging Plato by constantly putting questions to him, by arguing with him in an insolent manner, by contradicting him on every point, and by attempting to involve him in hair-splitting dialectics. At the time Xenocrates was in Chalcedon, and Speusippus was gravely ill. Hence, neither of them could come to the succor of Plato. In... (shrink)

En este trabajo discuto el argumento de Crisipo a favor de la indestructibilidad del cosmos que aparece en Eusebio, Praeparatio Evangelica 15.18.1-3. Este argumento complementa al que aparece en Plutarco, De Stoicorum Repugnantiis1052C, pero descansa sobre una base distinta, a saber, la teoría de la disolución de los cuerpos complejos en los cuatro elementos y la teoría sobre cómo estos últimos se transforman los unos en los otros. Según veremos, existen antecedentes importantes de estas teorías en Anaxímenes y (...) su teoría del cambio. Al final, me ocupo de dos objeciones que los propios estoicos formularon en contra del argumento de Crisipo. (shrink)

La polémique contre les oracles développée par Œnomaos de Gadara n’a jamais été reconstituée. Nous nous proposons de la reconstruire et de montrer que cette polémique et celle contre le fatalisme développée par le même Œnomaos sont intriquées et se soutiennent réciproquement. Notre analyse se divise en deux parties : dans la première, nous reconstituons les principes exégétiques de la critique des oracles, tels qu’ils apparaissent dans les chapitres 19-36 du livre V de la Praeparatio evangelica d’Eusèbe ; (...) dans la seconde, nous reconstituons les arguments qu’élabore Œnomaos dans le long chapitre 7 du livre VI du même ouvrage pour reduire à néant la prétention des oracles à être, avant même que véridiques, significatifs, apophantiques, doués de sens. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Aëtıana. The Method and Intellectual Context of a Doxographer, Volume One: The Sources by J. Mansfeld and D. T. RuniaA. A. LongJ. Mansfeld and D. T. Runia. Aëtıana. The Method and Intellectual Context of a Doxographer, Volume One: The Sources. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997. Pp. xxii + 371. Cloth, $135.50In this book, the first of a projected series of volumes, Mansfeld and Runia have begun a massive investigation (...) of the (mainly Greek) authors on whom we moderns rely for information about the numerous Greek philosophers whose works have not survived. The thousand-year tradition of Greek philosophy, extending from the Presocratics to Neoplatonism, is largely a story told via quotations, biographies, classifications, epitomes and criticisms. A few great works survive intact, including especially the dialogues of Plato, the technical writings of Aristotle, the sceptical books of Sextus Empiricus, and the Enneads of Plotinus; we also have most of the work on lost philosophers composed by such prolific authors as Cicero, Plutarch and Galen, and there are other well-known “sources,” such as the ten books of Lives and Doctrines, compiled by Diogenes Laertius. The present volume, however, deals with more recondite material: a work (P) on the physical doctrines of the philosophers, misattributed to Plutarch; a similar work, misattributed to Galen (G); the anthology of the Byzantine scholar Stobaeus (S); some chapters of Eusebius’ Praeparatio Evangelica (E); a work of Christian apologetics by the Syrian bishop Theodoret (T); and (in less detail) a few further writers from later antiquity.What unifies this set of authors is the thesis put forward by Hermann Diels in his monumental Doxographi Graeci (1879), to the effect that all of them, directly or indirectly, are derived from a single work composed in about 100 CE by Aetius. According to Diels, Aetius derived his material from a much older collection (Vetusta Placita), and this, in its turn, was ultimately dependent on an extensive work by Aristotle’s pupil and successor, Theophrastus. Diels’ thesis, which underpins his collection of testimonia for the Presocratics (the “A” fragments of Diels/Kranz Vorsokratiker), has been the foundation of all subsequent work on the sources of fragmentary Greek (especially Presocratic) philosophers. Diels gave the name “doxography” to the genre of writing he took to be represented by Aetius and the authors of similar accounts of philosophical doctrines.The volume under review explains, tests, supplements, and revises just that part of Diels’ thesis which invokes Aetius and the subsequent sources supposedly derived from this lost work. Mansfeld and Runia are uniquely qualified for this daunting task. Each of them has worked extensively on the historiography of Greek philosophy. As a Dutch duo in this volume, they bring unrivalled expertise to bear on revisiting the work of the formidable Diels.The good news is that Diels’ Aetian hypothesis has been vindicated for the most part. Although the name Aetius is attested to by only Theodoret, Diels was quite right to deduce that Aetius’ compilation was the source of the material common to P, S, and T, and that E and G make extensive use of P. Hence scholars of ancient philosophy can continue to impose confidence in that part of Diels’ work which takes the story from Aetius into later antiquity. This finding means that the work of Mansfeld and Runia will hardly change one’s judgment concerning what can be known about the actual doctrines of fragmentary philosophers.What it will particularly affect is one’s understanding of the lost Aetius himself and [End Page 523] the surviving authors whose work is directly derived from him. The core of this book (primarily composed by Runia) is a set of chapters on P, S, and T, in which these three authors are studied for their own sake and their different methodologies carefully set out. Diels, under the influence of nineteenth-century philology, treated P, S, and T as if they were variant manuscripts rather than distinct authors. This misled him into regarding the doxographical tradition as much more uniform than it actually is. In earlier works both Mansfeld and Runia have greatly illuminated the dialectical and classificatory ways in which philosophical doctrines were... (shrink)

The low representation of women in the Brazilian National Congress has been recurrently criticized by the feminist movements, international agencies and the parliament representatives themselves. From the 513 parliament representatives elected for the 55th legislation, 51 are women representatives, and only 10 of these are evangelical Christians. The acting of evangelical women in politics has not been a subject of interest by the academy in the field of religious and feminist studies. The present article addresses the acting of evangelical women (...) representatives in the current Brazilian politics, taking in consideration the timid participation of women in political parties, the process of evangelical insertion into Brazilian politics and the invisible place of evangelical women on political acting in their parties, including on Legislative drafting related to the right of women. Such an approach has its theoretical basis in discussion of the public/private dichotomy, on the assumption that there is an interdependence between them, and that the social nuisance with the presence of women in the public sphere has to do with the genderization and subsequent hierarchization of such spheres. As a methodological resource, there was made a recollection of the drafts proposals of the 10 evangelical women representatives on their 6 first months of mandate during the current legislation, and also of the draft proposals during the former legislation of the reelected ones. (shrink)

This article deals with a set of images which were probably the first in history to be reproduced on four continents: the Jesuit Jerome Nadal's Evangelicae Historiae Imagines, first published in Antwerp in 1593. It begins with a brief discussion of what we know about Nadal's life and the production history of his book, as well as its relationship to his Adnotationes et Meditationes in Evangelia quae in sacrosanto missae sacrificio toto anno leguntur, which acts as a commentary to the (...) Imagines. Then follows a description of the structure of the two books, and how they narrate and expound the significance of the Gospels. The remaining sections discuss the adaptations of Nadal's imagery. While his work has received much attention from scholars around the world in recent decades, the aim of the present article is to bring together research on the use and re-use of these images in Europe, the Americas, India, China, Japan, Iran and Ethiopia, and to make clear their global impact in a way that has not been attempted before. (shrink)

Pretende-se apresentar e avaliar o programa inicial de Huet ao publicar a Demonstratio Evangelica (1679), obra de caráter apologético e inclinação cética, frente a seu contexto intelectual, buscando uma melhor compreensão do impacto que tal livro exerceu nas discussões entre grandes intelectuais da República das Letras na Europa do século XVII. Para isso, este artigo contém três momentos: primeiro, procura-se traçar os objetivos da obra e os meios utilizados por Huet para alcançá-los. Posteriormente é exposta uma série de acusações (...) e críticas à Demonstratio Evangelica e, por fim, é feito um balanço a respeito dessas críticas em relação às intenções iniciais de Huet e argumenta-se que esta obra tem certo valor apologético, mas, mais do que isso, exerceu um papel notável no que diz respeito às discussões sobre a história, religião e filosofia no século XVII. (shrink)

This article contemplates a reflexive approach about technological Christianity, emphasizing the technological growth in the XXI century, evangelical churches and their relationships with technology, and the problems that arise from this relationship. It is known that technology advances very quickly, invading more and more all sectors of society, and that it is indispensable in the globalized world. The computer, the TV, the cell phone, the notebook, the internet, the smartphone, the tablet, etc., are new things in constant evolution. This work (...) points to the internet as a resource that can provide content that qualifies the relationship of the individual with God, which has become an extremely useful and necessary tool for the articulation of sectors of the evangelical church, since it dynamizes time and information and, above all, updates and broadens horizons. It is concluded, therefore, that the internet, doubtless, is a field of Christian action. In the case of the digital age, it is possible to affirm that the current Christian context demands a modernity of the languages and the multimedia interactions. However, faith can be affected by the many offers of distraction from technological resources when the central content is not communicated in a proper language to time and environment. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Ideas 63.4 (2002) 599-617 [Access article in PDF] Thinking Geometrically in Pierre-Daniel Huet's Demonstratio evangelica (1679) April G. Shelford Sometime after 1679, Pierre-Daniel Huet (1630-1721) indulged an author's vanity by comparing his Demonstratio evangelica with works whose authors are far better known today. He recorded his judgments on a scrap of paper. 1First, he contrasted the Demonstratio to Antoine Arnauld's Les nouveaux (...) élémens de géometrie (1664). While Arnauld had assumed that all the principles of geometry were true and all geometrical demonstrations certain, and had considered religious questions not amenable to methodical demonstration, Huet noted, "I made clear the contrary by proving religion through a methodical sequence of propositions similar to those one finds in geometry." For Arnauld religious belief fell into the class of things better proven through a series of mutually reinforcing propositions than through proofs modeled on geometry; Huet had actually accomplished the latter. Arnauld did not require geometric proofs in religious works; Huet wrote the Demonstratio "to satisfy those who do." Indeed, Arnauld forbade such proofs, "but I permitted them... and I proposed something to satisfy those who do [demand them]."Huet then considered Blaise Pascal's Pensées (1670). Pascal had also rejected demonstration in proving religious truths, Huet noted, opting instead for "moral proofs, which are directed more to the heart than to the mind. In other words he desired to work harder at moving and disposing the heart than at convincing and persuading the intellect." Apparently, "M. Pascal did not believe that one could prove the truth of the Christian religion by geometric proofs; much less that he had any hope of doing so." [End Page 599]Huet's jottings precisely situate the Demonstratio evangelica (1679)between the claims of Cartesian rationalism and Pascal's fideism and religion of the heart, inviting us to take another look at an imperfectly understood work. Scholarly treatment of the Demonstratio has generally been cursory or partial because it has been considered less for its own merits than for how it fits into larger research agendas. 2 Some scholars have offered important insights but either do not develop them or do not consider the Demonstratio in a sufficiently broad context. 3 A consensus on the Demonstratio's general thrust thus masks puzzling questions. Everyone acknowledges, for example, that Huet's apologetic responded to Baruch Spinoza's Tractatus theologico-politicus (1670). Like other Christian apologists, he had to maintain "the Mosaic authorship" that was "the supposed guarantee of the truth of the text," 4 devoting "long chapters to the authenticity of the books of the Old Testament." 5 Yet Huet began the Demonstratio with an assault on geometrical knowledge and an epistemological discussion—an odd place to begin refuting the Tractatus. 6 Why? The question deserves a good answer, as Huet was a scholar of international reputation, and his contemporaries judged the Demonstratio an important work. 7More important for us, the evolution of the Demonstratio superbly reflects a vanished intellectual world and scholarly culture and in fact records change [End Page 600] in that world over four decades. Its genesis was the rash promise of a young man inspired by the possibilities of geometry and aspiring to recognition in the Republic of Letters, but before fulfilling that promise Huet developed a lively interest in such diverse fields as biblical criticism and natural philosophy, and he would apply the insights gained there in his apologetic. 8 A central question confronting Huet and his contemporaries was how to achieve certainty in matters religious, historical, and scientific. 9 The Demonstratio reveals Huet's conclusion that certainty in all three was profoundly interrelated. Finally, he composed the Demonstratio during the 1670s, having grasped with much alarm the consequences of the spread of Cartesianism. Thus, the Demonstratio is an intellectual biography not just of the author but of an era.Of course, Huet had to contend with Spinoza's challenge to Mosaic authorship, which fatally undermined the historical certainty of the Bible, but he also wrote... (shrink)

Vivemos num mundo marcado por divisões de ordem religiosa, política, geográfica, cultural, de gênero, social e de outras naturezas inúmeras. A vida humana se dá nesse universo dividido. O ecumenismo consiste numa disposição de aproximação e caminhada conjunta entre diferentes Igrejas a fim de que diferenças não tenham que ser sinônimo de divisão, mas de pluralidade e fonte de riqueza para quem se dispõe a construir a Unidade. Palavras-chave: Ecumenismo; Cristianismo; Diálogo; Unidade; Pluralidade; Igrejas. ABSTRACT We live in a world (...) marked by divisions of a religious, political, geographical, cultural, gender and social order, to mention a few. Human life takes place in this divided universe. Ecumenism consists of a willingness of various Faiths to approach each other and march together so that differences do not mean division, but plurality and a source of richness to those who wish to construct Unity. Key words: Ecumenism; Christianity; Dialogue; Unity; Plurality; Churches. (shrink)

Dissertação: MOREIRA, Júnio dos Reis. Aqui se tropeça em Igreja: estudo sobre a relação entre as Igrejas evangélicas do Capelinha, modernidade e secularização à luz da sociologia da religião de Danièle Hervieu-Léger. 2014. Dissertação , Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.

En el presente artículo se pretende realizar un análisis en términos prospectivos de las principales claves e interrogantes suscitados a propósito de una de las más enigmáticas fases de la historia de la filosofía clásica: la génesis de la moral cristiana pos-evangélica, en donde pueden hallarse vínculos indisolubles en la tradición iusnaturalista greco-romana.

Esta pesquisa tem como temática as relações Interétnicas entre uma cigana Calón e uma brasileira evangélica na cidade de Jequié-Ba. Para a coleta dos dados utilizamos o método etnográfico. Como técnica de investigação utilizamos a observação participante de contato direto da pesquisadora com a pesquisadas e entrevistas semiestruturadas e o apoio do diário de campo.

ABSTRACT This work aims to reflect on possible meanings for the evangelical faith based on utterances produced by three evangelical ministers in their social networks when they enunciate on themes that are linked, directly or indirectly, to political agendas. Based on the theoretical scope of studies in Applied Linguistics and on Bakhtinian conceptions of language, our analyzes point to three predominant meanings, which mean the evangelical faith as: i) reaffirmation of identity; ii) exercise of otherness and respect to the other; (...) and iii) political practice. Such meanings demonstrate that there are contradictions within the religious discursivity, which allows the beating between hate speeches and respect and empathy ones within the realm of the evangelical faith. Thus, looking for cracks in religious discourse that oppose fundamentalist and authoritarian discourses is an ethical duty of a religious leader who recognizes his social and discursive role as influential in taking positions and, therefore, in the lives of the members of their congregation. (shrink)

Resumo Como rebento de uma família de tradição luterana, Nietzsche não poderia estar ausente do rico material produzido nos quase cem anos da presença da Escola Superior de Teologia. Mesmo que o acervo bibliográfico da dita Escola esteja eminentemente voltado ao atendimento do curso de teologia, há um acervo filosófico digno de nota. Entre os diversos volumes que preenchem as dezenas de estantes da filosofia, se encontram textos escritos por Nietzsche, bem como livros escritos sobre este autor. A maioria destes (...) escritos em língua alemã na Alemanha, mas também inúmeros escritos em alemão, porém no Brasil. Neste artigo pretendemos analisar estes últimos escritos, de maneira a realizar uma leitura de como foi a recepção de Nietzsche na primeira escola de formação de pastores do Brasil.As descendant of a Lutheran and tradition family, Nietzsche could not be absent of the rich material produced in almost one hundred year of presence of the High School of Theology. Even though the bibliography of that school is eminently turned to theology course, there are several books of philosophy. Between this books that fulfil many philosophy’s stands, occur texts written by Nietzsche, as well books written about this author. The majority of this books were written on german language, many of those written on german, but in Brazil. In this article we intend analyze this last writing so as to realize a lecture of as was the Nietzsche’s reception in the first school of pastor formation in Brazil. (shrink)

Based on the theory of the transference of meanings by Grant McCracken, this study aims at analyzing the way evangelical opinion leaders are able to transfer cultural meaning to the evangelical retinue products to the Holy Land. As any consumer good, this religious product is filled with cultural significance which comes from the culturally built world, in this case, the religious universe of evangelical people. Such meanings come to inhabit the good through two paths, which are, publicity and trend system. (...) Within the trend system, an important source of meanings is the opinion leaders, which are capable of not only edify, but also reform the senses concerning a good. In order to demonstrate this process, at the end, the study presents the case of apostle Renê Terra Nova, a paradigmatic concerning the evangelical retinues to the Holy Land. It is a study of qualitative and explicative nature realized through documental, bibliographical and ethnographic research accomplished in-person or over virtual ways. (shrink)

Catholicism has been the hegemonic religion in Brazil. However, in recent decades the country is undergoing a major religious transformation, with a drop of Catholic affiliations and rapid growth of evangelicals, and a increase to a lesser pace, of other religions and no-religion. Hence, there is a growing religious plurality, although Christianity remains widely majority in the country. But within the Christian religion there is a change of hegemony between Catholics and evangelicals. An innovation of the dogma and the evangelical (...) practice occurred in the twentieth century, in the United States, allowed the spread of Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal messages. Brazil, as the largest Catholic country in the world, is highlighted in this process. The state of Rio de Janeiro features as having the smaller proportion of Catholics and the most religiously diverse in the country. Its metropolitan area is the most advanced urban agglomeration in this changing process of hegemony. This paper shows, additionally, that the process of evangelical diffusion follows a spatial pattern that goes along the main roads of the Rio de Janeiro territory having as the focus of diffusion the periphery of the metropolitan area of ​​the State. (shrink)

A juventude evangélica brasileira se viu, durante os anos 1970, bombardeada por uma carga considerável de versões fundamentalistas da escatologia e, com isso, essa questão veio a ocupar um lugar secundário dentre os temas teológicos dos evangélicos brasileiros. A introdução de uma perspectiva não disjuntada da escatologia, como a do teólogo George Eldon Ladd, foi o que possibilitou a difusão da Teologia da Missão Integral, indicando o quanto a missiologia é inseparável de escatologia. Posteriormente, as versões fundamentalistas mantiveram um espaço (...) menos popular, mas constante, nas igrejas. O quadro foi acrescido da Teologia da Prosperidade, que trouxe a noção de uma escatologia individualista. Portanto, de um lado temos uma escatologia construída numa perspectiva não disjuntada do tempo, e do outro uma visão escatológica fundamentalista e privatizada. O enfrentamento dessas duas tendências expressa a contínua tensão entre o dualismo e a integralidade na história do cristianismo. No Novo Testamento, as imagens da barraca (João 1.14, Atos 18.1-3) e da cortina (Mateus 27.45-52) servem para compreender a dinâmica do “habitar entre” em contraste com a do fechamento do sagrado no espaço do haram . Esses dois modos de habitar, na linha de pensamento do filósofo Peter Sloterdijk, ilustram essas duas tendências. Palavras-chave: Juventude Evangélica. Escatologia. Fundamentalismo. Teologia da Missão Integral.: Brazilian evangelical youth was, in 1970’s overflowed with a big variety of fundamentalistic versions of eschatology. That’s why this theme came to occupy a secondary place between the others theological themes in Brazilian evangelical Theology. The introduction of a non disjointed version of eschatology, as Georg Eldon Ladd’s, for instance, make possible the diffusion of IMT (Integral Mission Theology), demonstrating how Missiology is inseparable from eschatology. After that, fundamentalistic versions lost their popularity, but kept their presence in churches. Prosperity Theology brought a complete individualistic notion of eschatology. So, we have in one side a eschatology built on a non disjointed notion of time and reality, and in another, the fundamentalistic and privatized version. The clash of these two tendencies expresses the continuous tension between dualism and integrality in the History of Christianity. In the New Testament, the images of the tent (John 1.14, Acts 18.1-3) and of the curtain (Mathews 27.45-52) are useful to understand the logic of “live-between” in opposition with the closeness of the sacred in the haram . These two ways of dwell, following the thought of the philosopher Peter Sloterdijk, exemplify those two tendencies. Key words: Evangelical Youth. Eschatology. Fundamentalism. Integral Mission Theology. (shrink)

Apoiado em teorias antropológicas e sociológicas, categorias conceituais e densa etnografia, e numa perspectiva comparativa e intercultural, o objetivo principal do artigo é discutir o processo de mudança religiosa que está em curso na Terra Indígena Sororó (Suruí-Aikewara), no Pará. Com a introdução do protestantismo pentecostal, e utilizando a sua cosmologia animista anterior, a maioria das aldeias, em fase de conversão evangélica, incorpora, ressignifica e cria novas expressões do sagrado. De uma disputa real e simbólica, entre o Pastor e o (...) Pajé, surgiu a categoria êmica de 'índio-crente' e um tipo ideal, no sentido weberiano, que estamos denominando de ‘pentecostalismo indígena'. Com uma lógica comparativa e complementar, discute-se também a etnografia feita com a pajé cunhã-karaí, da etnia Kaingang, em Santa Catarina. Nesses dois contextos indígenas, não ocorre uma ruptura com as cosmologias originais, mas sim uma lógica de correspondência, coabitação de contrários, estratégias de acumulação de diferenciadas lógicas de pensamento, de categorias simbólicas e práticas religiosas. Mesmo constituindo-se como paradigmas distintos, os dois modelos – xamanismo-indígena e cristianismo-pentecostal - estão imbricados numa teia de relações mágico-religiosas, materializadas num evidente hibridismo religioso, numa nova religiosidade sincrética e, na lógica lévi-straussiana, com eficácia de cura, real e/ou simbólica. (shrink)

Karl Barth representa la renovación de la tradición de la teología evangélica atendiendo a sus raíces luteranas y calvinistas y en contra de lo que él entiende como la degradación de esa tradición en la llamada Teología Liberal que prevalecía a finales del siglo XIX. Su Carta a los Romanos supuso un punto de inflexión al cambiar la atención de una teología cultural a otra existencial bajo la influencia de Kierkegaard. La crítica de la doctrina católica de la analogía como (...) base para una teología racional o natural representa también una reivindicación del sobrenaturalismo religioso como punto de partida para la comprensión de la existencia humana, que resulta ininteligible sin los conceptos de pecado, conversión y salvación. Por otra parte, la misma esencia de Dios no se puede alcanzar sino a través del choque que representa su irrupción en la historia como revelación y perdón. (shrink)