Today’s food production and consumption go hand in hand with immense damages to humans and nature. Change is needed, but where to start and which direction to go? This article tries to give an interdisciplinary answer by taking recourse to a vision, that is, an ideal image of the future which is drawn upon ethical reflection and beyond the limits of actual political and economic constraints. The main purpose of this paper is to show that generating and discussing visions can (...) be a powerful process in order to regain ability to act in the face of the complex challenges of our time and that Education for Sustainable Development plays an important role to enable current and future generations to become actors of change. First, a students vision on agriculture and society in 2050 is presented, followed by a theoretical examination of visions, their potentials, limits and practical implications. Subsequently, the results of a field analysis of current innovative solutions to local agriculture are given. These include intercultural gardens and community supported agriculture. Claiming that a sustainable development can only be reached if people are not only able to envision a desirable future, but to develop small scale, locally adapted solutions as answers to challenges such as climate change, this paper then focuses on the competence oriented educational concept of ESD. Here, an approach of integrating ethics in the course of studies of agricultural sciences implemented by a student’s initiative serves as practice example. (shrink)

Galen in a celebrated passage remarks that there were three ‘choirs’, in early Greek medicine: the choirs of Cos, of Cnidus, and of Sicily. The word is vague and suggestive, and we do well to keep it so. If we look in the Hippocratic Corpus for schools of medical theory, with distinct sets of doctrine marked off clearly from the doctrines of rival schools, we shall be lucky indeed if we can find them, and, having found them, succeed in convincing (...) others of their existence. But we shall find, now and again, an individual voice proclaiming itself from among its impersonal surroundings with clarity and vigour: some treatises in the collection have their author's personality stamped on them as distinctly as on a work of art. (shrink)

Galen in a celebrated passage remarks that there were three ‘choirs’, in early Greek medicine: the choirs of Cos, of Cnidus, and of Sicily. The word is vague and suggestive, and we do well to keep it so. If we look in the Hippocratic Corpus for schools of medical theory, with distinct sets of doctrine marked off clearly from the doctrines of rival schools, we shall be lucky indeed if we can find them, and, having found them, succeed in convincing (...) others of their existence. But we shall find, now and again, an individual voice proclaiming itself from among its impersonal surroundings with clarity and vigour: some treatises in the collection have their author's personality stamped on them as distinctly as on a work of art. (shrink)

Historically, recordkeeping has been an essential task for health professionals. Today, this mandatory task increasingly takes place as digital documentation. This study critically examines problem constructions in practical documents on digital documentation strategies in Danish municipal healthcare and how these problem constructions imply particular solutions. A document analysis based on the approach presented in Bacchi's “What's the problem represented to be?” was applied. Forty practical documents in the form of guidelines, strategies, and quality control documents were included. The analysis uncovered (...) three problem representations: lack of coherence between health services in a complex healthcare system, lack of assessable data for management and political prioritization, and inefficiency in the healthcare system. The proposed solution is a digitalized and standardized practice that transforms recordkeeping in the municipalities. However, municipal healthcare is at risk of being fragmented due to digital documentation's focus on the organizational management of health with task‐oriented practices supplied by an anonymous health professional. We find that digital documentation functions as an organizational micromanagement approach that assigns the health professional a subject position as an employee acting according to the organization's framework rather than the profession's normative framework. (shrink)

This study aims to reveal patterns of e-petition co-signing behavior that are indicative of the political mobilization of online “communities”. We discuss the case of We the People, a US national experiment in the use of social media technology to enable users to propose and solicit support for policy suggestions to the White House. We apply Baumgartner and Jones's work on agenda setting and punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that policy issues may lie dormant for periods of time until some event (...) triggers attention from the media, interest groups, and elected representatives. In the case study presented, we focus on 21 petitions initiated during the week after the Sandy Hook shooting in opposition to gun control or in support of policy proposals that are alternatives to gun control, which we view as mobilized efforts to maintain stability and equilibrium in a policy system threatening to change. Using market basket analysis and social network analysis we found a core group of petitions in the “support law-abiding gun owners” theme that were highly connected and four “communities” of e-petitioners mobilizing in opposition to change in gun control policies and in favor of alternative proposals. (shrink)

Excerpt from Philon L'existence de Philon se passa presque tout entière à étudier et à écrire. Nous savons par lui-mème qu'il se rendit à Jérusalem, et qu'il fit un séjour à Asca lonî. Nous savons aussi, et toujours par lui - mème, qu'il s'occupa des affaires publiques? Il partit pour Rome, en l'an 40, comme chef de l'ambassade envoyée par les Juifs à Caïus3. C'est le dernier détail qui nous soit bien connu. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of (...) thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

[Text is in German] Unsere Gegenwart scheint mehr und mehr Umbruechen zu unterliegen. Eine Innovation folgt der naechsten, Traditionen gelten schnell als ueberholt, moderne Trends werden altmodisch. Dieser permanente Wandel verlaeuft in unserer Wahrnehmung immer rasanter. Auch bei einem Blick in die Vergangenheit scheinen Umbrueche, neue Ideen und Erfindungen zu ueberwiegen und in staendigen Wertverschiebungen zu resultieren. Aber was ist mit den bestaendigen Dingen? Nicht nur Veraenderungen schaffen Werte, sondern auch Bestaendigkeit. Dabei stellt sich nicht nur die Frage, welche Werte (...) durch Kontinuitaet entstehen, sondern auch welche Werte sie bedingen. Traditionen sind identitaetsstiftend. Sie gehoeren zum kulturellen Gedaechtnis, bilden oftmals eine Basis fuer Innovationen und haben dadurch eine eigene Bedeutung im Hinblick auf Veraenderungen. Kontinuitaeten zu erkennen, ist in einer Welt im stetigen Wandel ein schwieriges Unterfangen und auch im Rueckblick nicht unproblematisch, vor allem wenn die Akteure selbst nicht mehr zu sprechen sind. Aber ein Blick auf die materielle Kultur erlaubt Aufschluesse ueber Bestaendigkeit. Von Menschen gefertigte Objekte sind Traditionstraeger, sie beherbergen die Ideen und Wertvorstellungen ihrer Gestalter und bleiben ueber Zeit und Raum hinweg erhalten. The Limits of Change umfasst Beitraege aus Archaeologie, Philosophie und Ethnologie, die sich auf unterschiedliche Weise mit der Thematik der Kontinuitaet auseinandersetzen und den Sachverhalt kritisch beleuchten. So wird zum einen der Blick in die Vergangenheit gerichtet und auf Basis archaeologischer ueberlieferungen das Thema untersucht. Zum anderen liefert die Diskussion zeitgenoessischer und globaler Sachverhalte wichtige Hinweise im Hinblick auf Kontinuitaet und Tradition. So wird beispielsweise diskutiert, welche Arten von Kontinuitaeten sich in heutigen Gesellschaften finden und wodurch sich diese auszeichnen bzw. sichtbar werden. Ferner wird die Frage gestellt, ob Tradition als kulturelles Marketing im Hinblick auf Tourismus genutzt werden kann. Mit Beitraegen von Torsten Bendschus, Arthur Depner, Stefan Eisenhofer, Martin Hensler, Elwira Janus, Thomas Knopf, Beate Loeffler, Bonka Nedeltscheva, Ton Otto, Laura Picht, Elnaz Rashidian und Geraldine Schmitz. (shrink)

In a poem setting forth the way things are in nature, it is fitting for Lucretius to address, among many other phenomena, human conception and embryonic determination. With an eye toward ethics, Lucretius demonstrates how sexual reproduction at the seminal level can be explained by Epicurean atomism. In this paper, I am concerned with the biological ‘how’ of conception as explained inDe Rerum Natura(=DRN) but also with the ethical ‘therefore’ for Lucretius’ readership and (over)estimations of male autonomy. For modern audiences (...) with a basic grasp of procreation that includes sperm supplied by a male and egg supplied by a female, encountering Lucretius’ verses on women contributing semen (semina) to the process of conception can be surprising (4.1209–62). The idea of female semen may give us pause as we calibrate it with our understanding of eggs and ovulation, but Lucretius, in his time, was not advancing some novel theory. Wading into established debates on male-only or joint male-female semen production and gendered insemination (that is, who produces semen and whose semen is active at conception), Lucretius sides with those promulgating mutuality for both questions (for example Democritus [DK 24 A13]) and rejects Aristotle's representative exclusivist claim of male activity vs female passivity (τὸ ἄρρεν ἐστὶν ὡς κινοῦν καὶ ποιοῦν, τὸ δὲ θῆλυ ὡς παθητικόν,Gen. an.729a28–30; cf. 726a30–6). That is to say, a sexually mature female, like her male counterpart, emits semen that has determining potency in the formation of a human embryo (Lucr. 4.1209–62). Although the discharge and activity of female semen is the focus of this paper, my investigation is not aQuellenforschungor historical survey of Greco-Roman ideas about women's contributions to insemination and fertility, since others have treated these matters extensively. I concentrate rather on how Lucretius employs the concept of female semen in terms of his poetics in Book 4 and what I see as an ethical argument against the domineering nature of Roman masculinity. The problem of female semen, from the point of view of Lucretius’ Roman male audience, is that it is potentially costly to men because it rivals and threatens their status from the physiological to the discursive level. Iain Lonie broaches the same issue from Greek perspectives. (shrink)

Les pratiques religieuses et l’activité guerrière sont deux facettes essentielles des cités grecques, c’est un fait bien connu et bien étudié. Pourtant, depuis les ouvrages séminaux de Pritchett et de Lonis, rares sont les monographies qui ont choisi de se placer à l’interface des deux domaines. Il faut donc savoir gré à Sonya Nevin de s’être confrontée résolument à cette problématique dans cet ouvrage stimulant, issu d’une thèse soutenue en 2009, paru en 2017 et tout récemment réédité en pap...

Brytyjska estetyka została w XVIII wieku zapoczątkowana pracami A.A.C. Shaftesbury’ego i Josepha Addisona. Shaftesbury jako pierwszy wskazał na specyfikę doświadczenia estetycznego, odmiennego od bezpośredniego doznania zmysłowego, odwołując się do pojęć zmysłu wewnętrznego ( inward sense ) oraz bezinteresowności jako warunku tego doświadczenia. Do wyobraźni czytelników przemawiał pochodzący z Moralistów przykład pasterza podziwiającego piękno oceanu: „Doża, jako pan młody, który w majestatycznym bucentaurze płynie na łonie swej Tetydy – mówi jeden z rozmówców tego dialogu – posiada mniej niż biedny pasterz, który, (...) swobodnie wyciągnięty na zwisającej skale lub szczycie wysokiego cypla, zapomina o swych stadach i podziwia piękno oceanu” [Shaftesbury 1790, 328]. Ocena piękna wiąże się z przyjemnością płynącą z kontemplacji zjawisk, nie odnosi się do realnego istnienia przedmiotów. Pojęcie bezinteresowności w filozofii Shaftesbury’ego rozumiane jest jednak znacznie szerzej. Oznacza ono pewien sposób percypowania zjawisk poddanych kontemplacji i osądowi estetycznemu. Skoro zaś smak estetyczny opiera się na odrębnej władzy zmysłu wewnętrznego, podmiotowego warunku doświadczenia piękna, bezinteresowność odwołuje się także do określonej postawy, gdy obserwator porzuca własne, indywidualne upodobanie (związane z doznawaniem przyjemności, nie zaś piękna), a wydaje sąd, który ma mieć charakter obiektywny. Podając powody zepsucia smaku, Shaftesbury pisze m.in. (shrink)