Este trabalho objetivou verificar as diferenças significativas no clima para a criatividade em turmas de 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental, as possíveis relações entre as interações professor-aluno e o clima para criatividade em sala e de que forma as concepções dos professores acerca da criatividade s..

Este artigo considera o desenraizamento afetivo-religioso de Freud no seu contexto familiar e sociocultural e também visa mostrar algumas críticas que neofreudianos e cientistas fazem a Freud. Condicionado, conscientemente ou não, pelas representações (memórias) originárias, Freud não aprofundou as raízes afetivo-religiosas no chão pedregoso de sua infância. Suas primeiras experiências afetivo-religiosas (não tão positivas) foram como pedras escabrosas no chão de sua frágil existência. Com o drástico desaparecimento da babá Resi Wittek, as tenras raízes afetivo-religiosas do psiquismo de Freud praticamente (...) perdem a inicial vitalidade, tentando compensar essa perda com sua mãe, em nível de cuidados e afetos, que não podia corresponder. Ela poderia somente oferecer-lhe um suporte em nível narcisista (jovem e bonita). Ele somente recebeu esse apoio afetivo-religioso de seu pai (Jakob) mais tarde quando já marcado negativamente em seus relacionamentos com os primeiros objetos. Assim determinado, Freud se sente desamparado, em sua infância. Ao entrar na adolescência Freud se declara ateu influenciado pelo ambiente cultural eivado do cientificismo ateu e de um radical anticlericalismo. Sem raízes afetivo-religiosas profundas, em nível experiencial, Freud não poderia ser uma árvore robusta na dimensão religioso-espiritual, apesar de tanto se preocupar com ela. (shrink)

Philosophical feminism is the only coherent philosophy with universal implications that provides a theoretical alternative to patriarchal thought and sociopolitical structures. I distinguish between a patriarchal logic of power and a feminist logic of pleasure that leads to an enlightened ethical hedonism, a pleasure-centered, feminist ethical framework based on a cooperative rather than authoritarian model of social relations.

El presente artículo trata de profundizar en la objeción de conciencia partiendo del pensamiento de Joseph Ratzinger, previo y contemporáneo a su etapa como romano pontífice (Benedicto XVI). La hipótesis de partida, que se ve refrendada en las conclusiones, es que la comprensión ratzingeriana de la conciencia, fundamentada en la verdad y en el bien, justifica la existencia de la figura de la objeción de conciencia como protección del contenido de aquella ante la imposición de cualquier norma, justa o injusta. (...) Para realizar esta investigación se ha abordado el estudio de todas las obras y discursos del autor que versan sobre la noción de conciencia, la objeción de conciencia y la verdad, y se ha consultado asimismo doctrina filosófica y jurídica en la materia. (shrink)

1. Teoría de los signos, teoría de la gramática, epistemología del lenguaje -- 2. Teoría del significado.

Attempting to escape from the substantialist cartesian dualism, some take our conceptual schemes as dualist. Thus, Feigl makes the distinction between the mental and the physical from an epistemological viewpoint, accepting as distinctive of the mental a direct and immediate knowledge which has no place in the physical, but however he accepts the identity between mental states and neurological states. In a similar way, Davidson, stating that all events are physical, characterizes the mental as a specific manner of describing neurological (...) events, which is also accepted by Quine in his latest books. I take that theory as implying that there are mental properties, like those defined by Searle as macroproperties of the brain. But I see no reason to talk about the mind, unless with the purpose of abbreviating more complex expressions like ‘the set of mental properties’, or perhaps ‘the set of human psychological capacities’, as Kenny proposes. (shrink)

All around the world in March, due to COVID-19, competitive sport calendars were suddenly canceled, jeopardizing the training programs of athletes. Moreover, in Italy, the government banned all non-essential travel across the entire country from the beginning of March. Consequently, Italian cyclists were banned from leaving their homes and therefore unable to perform their ordinary training activities. The Italian Association of Professional Cyclists early on during that period noticed that several cyclists were experiencing a worrying decrease in their mental well-being (...) and asked the authors to set up an online Sport Psychology Intervention during lockdown to enhance the athletes' mental health. Through a number of unprecedented events and considerations, the aim of the current investigation was to assess the Italian cyclists' mental health during the lockdown and its changes after the SPI. We validated the Italian version of the Sport Mental Health Continuum Short Form —presented in Study 1—and then applied it to a sample of Italian professional cyclists—presented in Study 2—prior to and after the SPI. To achieve these objectives, the reliability and construct validity of the Italian version of the Sport MHC-SF were tested in Study 1. RM-MANOVA tests were run to evaluate the effect of SPI on cyclists in Study 2. A total of 185 Italian athletes were involved in the validation of the MHC in Study 1 and 38 professional cyclists in Study 2. Results from Study 1 suggested a three-factor higher order model of Sport MHC-SF [Model fit: χ2 = 471.252, p < 0.000; CFI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.049; RMR= 0.048]. MCFA showed that the default model kept invariance among groups of athletes. Results from Study 2 highlighted that professional cyclists who followed the SPI were able to cope better with psychological stressors, showing improved well-being compared to the athletes that did not. No significant differences were found for emotional and social well-being. The present multi-study paper contributes to the theoretical field with a validated measure of Sport MHC-SF translated in the Italian language and culture. It also provides practical implications related to cases of reduced mental health due to injury, illness, or similar situations of home confinement in the future. (shrink)

Attempting to escape from the substantialist cartesian dualism, some take our conceptual schemes as dualist. Thus, Feigl makes the distinction between the mental and the physical from an epistemological viewpoint, accepting as distinctive of the mental a direct and immediate knowledge which has no place in the physical, but however he accepts the identity between mental states and neurological states. In a similar way, Davidson, stating that all events are physical, characterizes the mental as a specific manner of describing neurological (...) events, which is also accepted by Quine in his latest books. I take that theory as implying that there are mental properties, like those defined by Searle as macroproperties of the brain. But I see no reason to talk about the mind, unless with the purpose of abbreviating more complex expressions like ‘the set of mental properties’, or perhaps ‘the set of human psychological capacities’, as Kenny proposes. (shrink)

An impossible world is a world which necessarily does not exist. Besides the paradigm of necessity, wich is logical necesslty, we must consider physical necessity and ethical necessity, both of wich can beexpressed in terms of logical necessity, in the way suggested by Montague. Accordingly, an impossible world can be logically impossible, physically impossible or ethically impossible, but in every case the impossibility can be reduced to logical impossibility, and in consequence an impossible world is irrational and cannot be understood (...) by us. An illustration is taken from the incongruities of Kafka’s story in Di Verwandlung. (shrink)

El intento de librarnos del dualismo sustancialista cartesiano conduce a algunos a traspasar el dualismo a nuestros esquemas de conceptualización. Así, Feigl coloca la distinción entre lo físico y lo mental en un nivel epistemológico, aceptando como distintivo de lo mental un conocimiento directo e inmediato que no tiene lugar con respecto a lo físico, aun cuando acepte la identidad entre los estados mentales y los estados cerebrales. De modo parecido, Davidson, manteniendo que todo suceso es físico, caracteriza lo mental (...) como una manera peculiar de describir los estados del cerebro, y es una idea... (Leer más) aceptada también por Quine en sus últimos libros. Me parece que esta explicación obliga a aceptar que haya propiedades mentales, como las que Searle, por ejemplo, define como macropropiedades del cerebro. Pero nada de ello justifica que sigamos hablando de la mente, a menos que sea para abreviar una expresión más compleja como �conjunto de las propiedades mentales�, o tal vez �conjunto de las capacidades psicológicas humanas�, como hace Kenny. (shrink)

The object of the essay is to examine what is basically mental in humans as compared to animals. Differences in respect of the concept of will and in respect of the concept of intellect are examined following ideas expressed by Anthony Kenny in The Metaphysics of Mind, and some criticisms are suggested. Accepting the thesis put forward by Edelman as well as by Damasio that a neurological self is necessary for the development of consciousness, a scientific reading is given to (...) Kant�s idea of the self as well as to that of Wittgenstein in the Tractatus. For the same reasons, Wittgenstein�s later rejection of the concept of self is criticized. (shrink)

In response to its current crisis, scholars call for the revitalisation of democracy through democratic innovations. While they make ample use of life metaphors describing democracy as a living organism, no comprehensive understanding of ‘life’ has been established within democratic theory. The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement articulates the urgency of refocusing on life and its meaning through radical democratic practice. This article employs a grounded theory approach, enriched with participatory methods, to develop a radical democratic concept of life in (...) conversation with BLM. It conceptualises life as the existence of a perspective that constantly transforms through its fundamental interconnectedness. Building on this concept, the article outlines four principles of a living democracy that go beyond the revitalisation discourse. A living democracy (1) safeguards the existence of all humans and nonhumans, (2) nurtures a diversity of perspectives, (3) fosters social and planetary connectivity, and (4) enables self- and collective transformation. (shrink)

El propósito en el artículo es brindar un informe bibliográfico preliminar sobre el itinerario de la recepción de Hans Freyer en la Argentina, con el fin de arrojar luz sobre una figura del pensamiento alemán de la primera mitad del siglo XX que tuvo una repercusión soterrada en muchos intelectuales argentinos del periodo. Esa presencia se encuentra en gran parte oculta para la historia de las ideas argentinas, dada su problemática inscripción doctrinaria e ideológica en las políticas de la filosofía (...) y en las políticas de las ciencias sociales.The article offers a preliminary bibliographical report on the itinerary of the reception of Hans Freyer in Argentina. The objective is to shed light on a figure of the German thought of first half of the XX Century that influenced many Argentine intellectuals of the period. However that influential effect is hidden in the history of the Argentine ideas, given its problematic doctrinaire and ideological inscription in the politics of philosophy and social sciences. (shrink)

A partir de las propuestas metodológicas de los Estudios del Imaginario, este trabajo busca mostrar que algunas de las principales tramas ideadas por Philip K. Dick tienen un sustrato gnóstico. Para ello, en primer lugar, mencionamos algunos datos biográficos que muestran el interés de Dick por el gnosticismo; en segundo lugar, identificamos mitemas idénticos entre ambos corpus (“este mundo es un engaño”; “este mundo es una prisión de hierro”; “el iniciado tiene un doble”; etc.). Con ello, esta investigación contribuye (...) al debate científico en torno a la recepción y reutilización de antiguos mitos en la literatura de ciencia ficción. (shrink)