Ethics is a serious matter as human actions are cybernetic. Actions are not lost nor do they leave the agent unaffected. Every single actions returns to the agent in the form of a fine chisel that carves him from inside. The interior quality brought about by our actions is called vice and virtue.

Desde un análisis del Curso de teoría del conocimiento en este trabajo se afronta la peculiaridad del tiempo humano, especialmente del tiempo de la esencia humana, y se glosa la importancia de la virtud.

In contrast with the realist philosophical tradition which situates being at the apex of the transcendentals, the line of thought that originates from Descartes replaces it with truth understood as certainty. The conflict between realism and idealism is one of the most fecund philosophical disputes in the last two centuries; and Millán-Puelles, one of the foremost Spanish philosophers is a principal protagonist.

Hume propounds the aporetic principle of correspondence betwen impressions and ideas, in order to solve the problem of the genesis of the ideas. This principle, which lacks universal validity, reduces the idea to image and deprives it of universality. In this way is postulated a rigorous and universal nominalism, which converts the ideas into non referential unities the same as the Urimpressions (Husserl) and sets aside the possibility of metaphysics.

Honor has been an indispensable reference in the life of individuals and societies throughout the course of human history. As a basic concern of men and women, the phenomenon already appears in the earliest literary testimonies. The heroes of the Greek, Roman or German epic poems adapt their behavior to the demands of this particular deity, honor. Literature, at any time, in any culture, in any language, makes constant use of honor as an effective dramatic element. The recurrent presence is (...) certainly a reflection of the actual significance the phenomenon of honor had in everyone’s life. This essay clarifies why honor is given such importance; why it has been considered to be more valuable for the individual than his/her own life. To this end, the mention of public opinion is unavoidable. This phenomenon, in its social psychological conception, is the key that permits us to enlighten the labyrinth of honor. (shrink)

Honor has been an indispensable reference in the life of individuals and societies throughout the course of human history. As a basic concern of men and women, the phenomenon already appears in the earliest literary testimonies. The heroes of the Greek, Roman or German epic poems adapt their behavior to the demands of this particular deity, honor. Literature, at any time, in any culture, in any language, makes constant use of honor as an effective dramatic element. The recurrent presence is (...) certainly a reflection of the actual significance the phenomenon of honor had in everyone’s life. This essay clarifies why honor is given such importance; why it has been considered to be more valuable for the individual than his/her own life. To this end, the mention of public opinion is unavoidable. This phenomenon, in its social psychological conception, is the key that permits us to enlighten the labyrinth of honor. (shrink)

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la violencia política en Perú y su actual incidencia en la crisis de legitimidad de las instituciones políticas democráticas. La metodología empleada supone la revisión documental y el tratamiento de otras fuentes sobre las múltiples maneras como el conflicto armado debilitó la credibilidad en los mecanismos y estamentos democráticos. Se presentan elementos concluyentes sobre la continuidad, durante y después del conflicto, de la desigualdad, la frustración en la búsqueda de la verdad (...) y justicia ante la violación de los derechos humanos como causas de la crisis e inestabilidad política en Perú. El artículo permitirá concluir con la grave crisis de gobernabilidad que atraviesa el país, que se traduce en prácticas corruptas que paralizan su desarrollo económico, marcando el paso de una crisis económica a una crisis política: un puente que une los años 1992 a 2018 y que deja como saldo una pérdida generalizada de confianza en la clase política y en las instituciones del poder público en Perú. (shrink)

En este trabajo se discuten algunos problemas epistemológicos de la teoría de la mente de Searle, que derivan de su realismo externo (metafísico) e ingenuo. Éste le lleva, en primer lugar, a una problemática separación entre ontología y epistemología, que le permitirá sostener que hay hechos evidentes, previos e independientes a las teorías. Entre esos hechos incuestionables, en segundo lugar, sitúa las características que el sentido común atribuye a la mente y que trata de encajar, aunque es dudoso que lo (...) consiga, en un planteamiento científico, que exigiría cambiar la idea de objetividad. Finalmente, el realismo le aboca a un dualismo implícito contrario a su pretendido fisicalismo y más radical que el que le gustaría admitir. (shrink)

The actual progress of techne which has shed its former docility in favor of dominion is specially unsettling in the sphere of life. The teleological paradigm is insufficient in order to steer one's course through very complex bio-ethical problems. Utilitarian considerations should find their place within a framework of human dignity deontologically posited.

Running marathons is an increasingly popular activity with an ever-increasing number of events and participants. Many participants declare that they pursue a variety of goals by running, namely, the maintenance of good health, the development of strength and improvement of fitness, the management of emotions, and the achievement of resilience and psychological wellbeing. The research has examined marathon running, like many other sports, and has studied various factors that reduce athletic performance, such as the experience of anxiety, and that enhance (...) such performance, such as an increase in general wellbeing. This article reports the results of a study on the experience of competitive anxiety among 238 male marathon runners who participated in Seville’s 26th Marathon race on February 23, 2020, and investigates the relationship between anxiety and key dimensions of wellbeing as measured by the Spanish-adapted 20-item PWB Scale. We hypothesized that participating athletes who rated high on the dimensions of PWB would experience lower levels of competitive anxiety with respect to this race. We also proposed that PWB would function as a mediating factor with respect to the experience of anxiety. The results show, as hypothesized, that marathon running enhances wellbeing and reduces anxiety. The data showed significant negative correlations between four of five wellbeing dimensions and the three types of anxiety measured, namely, somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration-impairing anxiety. Other findings supported our hypothesis that wellbeing, as measured, functions as a mediating factor for the moderation of competitive anxiety. Generalization of these findings is limited by the fact that the low number of female participants recruited did not permit valid statistical analyses in this respect. It is known that both anxiety and wellbeing are subjects to variation by gender. The future inclusion of male and female subjects in equivalent studies will undoubtedly add valuable information concerning the dynamics of anxiety and wellbeing. The implications of these findings and the limitations of the study will be discussed. (shrink)

The epigraphic poems written in Arabic in the Alhambra and Generalife have been studied for more than four hundred years. Therefore, their authorship and meaning have been determined. In the present paper, I will analyze one of the two poems that had not received any critical attention so far and, at the same time, I will try to explain the meaning of this poem within the Na?rid and North African context.

Solo el atrevimiento característico de la sabiduría nos impulsa a tomar el camino más complejo de pensar en el amor, pues nos hace conscientes del error de querer construir lo principal de la existencia en un sentimiento blando como la arena, incapaz de resistir cualquier contradicción de importancia. Encontrar el auténtico fundamento de esa pregunta, que en la actualidad no se puede dar por descontado, es la única manera de edificar la casa del hombre sobre roca, y apartarnos de la (...) necedad de levantar un edificio sin cimientos. Es una elección trascendental que, como el Papa Benedicto XVI ha señalado con fuerza, tiene una repercusión social de máximo relieve. (shrink)

La obra al-D_aji-ra al-saniyya fi- ta�ri-j aldawla al-mari-niyya, que aborda la historia de los Banu- Mari-n, incluye una serie de noticias referentes a otras tierras de la Da-r al-Islam, como Egipto, Siria o al-Andalus. La autoría de la misma no ha sido determinada, por lo que señalaremos las noticias más destacadas sobre este asunto. De la información que ofrece esta obra acerca de al-Andalus, este artículo se centra en el análisis de los fragmentos relativos a los territorios conquistados por Castilla (...) durante el s. XIII, que no había sido aprovechada hasta el momento, y que contribuye a ampliar nuestro conocimiento acerca de este período histórico, muy especialmente por lo que respecta a la suerte que corrieron las poblaciones musulmanas y a la cronología de la conquista. Abordamos las actitudes adoptadas por los dirigentes políticos de al-Andalus y el Magreb, ante el avance de los cristianos, desde la resistencia hasta la conversión, y la importancia que este grupo concedió a las luchas contra los cristianos, que fueron un elemento de legitimación del poder político de los Banu- Mari-n, objetivo destacado del autor de la obra. (shrink)

En este artículo artículo se demuestra cómo las violaciones a derechos humanos y la comisión de crímenes internacionales dentro de países subdesarrollados y emergentes pueden ser originados en otros países que representan grandes potencias a nivel mundial. En específico, se analiza cómo armas de guerra fabricadas por la empresa alemana Heckler & Koch fueron el medio para atacar estudiantes normalistas de Ayotzinapa, en México, por parte de policías municipales. Asimismo, se profundiza en conocer cuál era el propósito de usar estas (...) armas de guerra, quiénes son responsables, y cómo pueden juzgarse estos hechos. (shrink)

La piedra clave que sostiene el sistema simbólico de las religiones, es sin duda, la experiencia de salvación. F. Heiler afirmaba que el aroma de las religiones es la soteriología y R. Panikkar proponía definir el hecho religioso con tres simples palabras: "camino de salvación". Por ello, la realidad existencial del dolor y el sufrimiento son el gran reto lanzado a la experiencia religiosa: proponéis salvación, se puede decir a los creyentes, pero el dolor y el sufrimiento siguen existiendo. ¿Cómo (...) es posible? Por ello, todas las religiones de formas muy diferentes, responden a la pregunta por sufrimiento y proponen formas para integrarlo existencialmente. (shrink)

Hume propounds the aporetic principle of correspondence betwen impres-sions and ideas, in order to solve the problem of the genesis of the ideas. This principle, which lacks universal validity, reduces the idea to image and deprives it of universality. In this way is postulated a rigorous and uni-versal nominalism, which converts the ideas into non referential unities the same as the Urimpressions (Husserl) and sets aside the possibility of metaphysics.

Ethics is a serious matter as human actions are cybernetic. Actions are not lost nor do they leave the agent unaffected. Every single actions returns to the agent in the form of a fine chisel that carves him from inside. The interior quality brought about by our actions is called vice and virtue.