Porfirio constitutes an essencial tie in the transition of ancient thought into the Medieval. His writings (he takes in the Enneadas of Plotino and systematically comments the works of Plato and Aristotle), offer a unitary interpretation of both systems which have enormously influenced in the medieval philosophic tradition (Saint Augustine, Boecio, Thomas Aquinas, etc.), a tradition which may be presented as the different forms of Platonism aristotelized, or aristoteleanism platonized.

El autor investiga el papel desarrollado por las reglas constitutivas en la construcción de la realidad social. En particular, niega que, por ejemplo, las reglas constitutivas del ajedrez sean condición suficiente de la práctica llamada juego del ajedrez. Para crear una nueva práctica, se necesita también la existencia de la gramática de esa práctica, o sea el sentido mismo de la práctica (por ejemplo: el sentido de juego). Es la gramática de una práctica (y no las reglas constitutivas) la que (...) determina la naturaleza de la práctica misma. El sentido de una práctica no puede ser creado por las reglas constitutivas. (shrink)

Since 1974 Belgian traditional sectors have been facing important financial difficulties, which compelled them to seek both increased productivity through more capital intensive techniques, and goods with higher valued added.This twofold evolution implied investments and job-reductions that could hardly have been possible without adequate public policies. As far as steel and textile are concerned those policies used mainly a common scheme based on public financial intervention and social measures. Public financial support required to cover annual losses and investments consisted of (...) either grants or state equities. It amounted to over 200 billions BEF.Besides, policies were designed in favour of people losing their jobs : early retirement was made possible and was even accompanied with tax cuts. However the budgetary cost of those policies is very high, they may be considered successful as Belgian producers now seem able to stand unternational competition. (shrink)

This volume’s aim is to stimulate philosophical interest in the experience of noise. There are at least three important open questions about noise. First, how should the relationship between noise as a scientific phenomenon and as a type of experience be understood? Is the one to be understood in terms of the other, and what implications may be drawn from this? Second, are experiences of noise strictly limited to perceptual states or to one type of perceptual state – for instance, (...) to acoustic experiences? E.g. is there noise that is visual or tactile? Is there noise that is cognitive, affective, or evaluative? Third, how can philosophy make sense of noise in the first place? Should noise simply be relegated to the hither side of the explananda of philosophy, as the mere leftover of whatever philosophy sets out to account for; meaning, being, totality, etc.? Or may noise be understood as a positive phenomenon in its own right, which has its own distinctive features and content, difficult though they might be to pin down? This volume will contribute to the burgeoning philosophy of noise by highlighting how contemporary philosophical perspectives with a phenomenological or experiential bent – the latter under both broad and narrow construals – can make inroads to these questions about a fascinating yet little understood quarter of human experience. (shrink)

v. 1. Dall'antico al moderno -- v. 2. L'età contemporanea -- v. 3. Teoria e metodo.

È alla luce della rielaborazione filosofica delle categorie di individualità e alterità che si misura la progressiva presa di distanza dell’etica storicistica (da Schleiermacher a Humboldt, da Dilthey a Troeltsch) da quella formalistica kantiana e che si può cogliere il progetto di fondazione di un’etica materiale che, pur non rinunciando ad elementi di normatività e all’universalità dei principi, individua il suo prevalente oggetto nella natura dei bisogni umani e fissa il suo spazio di azione nella comunanza delle relazioni intersoggettive, cioè (...) in quella fondante dimensione che ha al suo centro l’individualità colta pur sempre di nuovo nella sua storicità determinata e nella sua operatività etica. Ciò che viene al centro non sono più le strutture anonime e le leggi intemporali a porsi come base e come giustificazione nella produzione di valori o nella genesi di sempre nuove formazioni individuali e sociali, ma è, appunto, l’individualità (CACCIATORE, 2002), sia nella sua dimensione conoscitiva sia in quella etica, cioè il vero punto di incontro tra storia e vita. (shrink)

Despite the frequency of stillbirths, the subsequent implications are overlooked and underappreciated. We present findings from comprehensive, systematic literature reviews, and new analyses of published and unpublished data, to establish the effect of stillbirth on parents, families, health-care providers, and societies worldwide. Data for direct costs of this event are sparse but suggest that a stillbirth needs more resources than a livebirth, both in the perinatal period and in additional surveillance during subsequent pregnancies. Indirect and intangible costs of stillbirth are (...) extensive and are usually met by families alone. This issue is particularly onerous for those with few resources. Negative effects, particularly on parental mental health, might be moderated by empathic attitudes of care providers and tailored interventions. The value of the baby, as well as the associated costs for parents, families, care providers, communities, and society, should be considered to prevent stillbirths and reduce associated morbidity. (shrink)

Texto de la conferencia inaugural donde se trazan importantes claves para la lectura de Vico y se reflexiona sobre su condición de clásico.Text from the opening lecture, where important keys for the reading of Vico are pointed, and his character of classic is considered.

Este estudio analiza el problema de la relación entre metafísica e historia en la filosofía viquiana, y cómo ésta es capaz de reconducir el certum al verum. Plantea el autor cómo Vico mantiene unidos los modelos racionales, posibilitando un universalismo ético que permite conjugar la normatividad del juicio universal y la diferencia histórico-cultural de lo individual.PALABRAS CLAVE: Vico, ética, universalismo ético, identidad, diferencia, historicidad.The problematic relationship between metaphysics and history in Vichian philosophy is here analysed –and the way it transforms (...) certum into verum. The author considers Vico’s attempts to keep rational models together, allowing the appearance of an ethical universalism that combines universal judgment normativity and historical-cultural difference of the individual.Keywords: Vico, ethics, ethical universalism, identity, difference, historicity. (shrink)

L'Autore ritiene che la critica vichiana delle borie non si riferisca solo a nazioni, culture e teorie filosofico-teologiche concentrate a discutere sull'origine oscura e favolosa dei tempi e sulla relazione tra storia sacra e storie profane. Ma è anche un dispositivo etico-filosofico che invita l'umanità, ormai al culmine del processo di incivilimento, a guardarsi da ogni forma di boria delle nazioni , così come da ogni manifestazione boriosa da parte dei dotti . The author argues that Vico's critique of conceit (...) does not refer only to nations and cultures, and to philosophical-theological theories focused on origins in ancient and mythical times and on the relationship between sacred and profane history. Vico's critique is also an ethical-philosophical device that invites humanity, now at the height of the civilizing process, to guard against any form of conceit by nations , as well as any self-important manifestations by intellectuals. (shrink)

Universalismus und Relativismus sind Begriffe, die vorherrschend zur intensiven Debatte gehören, die sich in der politischen Philosophie und auf dem Gebiet der zeitgenössischen Ethik, Anthropologie und Soziologie entwickelt hat. Ich werde hier eine Neuinterpretation dieser Beziehung versuchen und dabei einige Schlüsselpunkte der Philosophie Diltheys, und im Besonderen einige Stellen aus Das Wesen der Philosophie von 1907 benutzen. Dieser Text und natürlich andere Texte des Philosophen aus dem Rheinland können uns meines Erachtens als philosophische Richtschnur in der Bestimmung und auch in (...) der Neuformulierung von einigen Schlüsselkategorien der postmetaphysischen Moderne, wie Individualität, Universalität, Historizität, Vermittelbarkeit und die möglichst weit reichende Verwendung des Wissens vom Menschen dienen. (shrink)

Se trata de un intento de exponer el significado que la “meditación” tiene en Ortega. Para ello se parte del sentido de la palabra, no sólo en su primer libro Meditaciones del Quijote, sino a lo largo de su obra, pues la meditación como estilo filosófico recorre toda la obra de Ortega, lo que se ve ya en las veces en que encabeza trabajos orteguiano. Por otro lado, en la meditación nos cruzamos con temas nucleares de la filosofía de Ortega, (...) tales como la relación de la teoría con la praxis; la relación hombre/animal; incluso el posicionamiento de Ortega en el campo de la historia de la filosofía al hacer depender la teoría de la circunstancia y acción. Al final se explora en qué medida esa meditación se expresa en el estilo del ensayo.The author starts from the sense of the word “meditation” not only in Ortega’s first book Meditations on Quixote, but throughout his work, for meditation as philosophical style runs throughout Ortega’s work along his life, what already can be seen in the times Ortega headed his texts by this word. Furthermore, in meditation we encounter nuclear issues of Ortega’s philosophy, such as the relationships of theory and praxis and human being and animal; Ortega’s positioning even in the field of history of philosophy by making the theory depending on the circumstances and action. In the end it explores the extent that meditation is expressed in the style of the essays. (shrink)