Like Einstein's general theory of relativity is concerned with explaining the basics of an observable experience – i.e., gravity – most people take for granted that Chomsky's theory of generative grammar (GG) is concerned with the basic nature of language. This chapter highlights a mere subset of central constructs in GG, showing how they have featured prominently and thus shaped formal linguistic studies in multilingualism. Because multilingualism includes a wide range of nonmonolingual populations, the constructs are divided across child bilingualism (...) and adult third language for greater coverage. In the case of the former, the chapter examines how poverty of the stimulus has been investigated. Using the nascent field of L3/Ln acquisition as the backdrop, it discusses how the GG constructs of I‐language versus E‐language sit at the core of debates regarding the very notion of what linguistic transfer and mental representations should be taken to be. (shrink)

L’actualité bibliographique sur l’érotisme de l’homme romain ancien se répartit en trois grandes zones de recherche. La tradition académique d’abord, souvent embarrassée par des faits de civilisation difficilement explicables en termes contemporains. L’anthropologie culturelle de l’Antiquité ensuite, qui tente de replacer les comportements masculins dans les sphères culturelles du monde romain polythéiste. Les études gaies et lesbiennes enfin, qui annexent la sexualité masculine à Rome dans une très longue histoire de l’homosexualité occidentale.

Afrontamos un tema tan particular como el propuesto desde una perspectiva historicista con la voluntad de insertar aquello que podríamos simplemente observar dentro de los textos en una corriente que iría más allá de la mera sincronía o el apunte estético. Pensamos, por lo tanto, que un acercamiento diacrónico a la obra puede poner de relieve un sentido más luminoso y completo. Sería, en este sentido, una corriente evidentemente más ancha y difusa que desembocaría en la posibilidad de crear una (...) obra cuyas características no afloran arbitrariamente, sino que constituyen el producto provisional de un proceso aún activo. Partimos de un hecho evidente: las ciudades han sufrido a lo largo de los últimos doscientos años un proceso de cambio sin precedentes. Sobre esa base, situaremos a Gil de Biedma, voz surgida en una ciudad –conviene recordarlo– cuya vocación europea es para bien y para mal única en España, en una cima virtual sobre cuyas faldas y en diferentes cotas iremos situando distintos textos, ideas diversas. Digo textos y no autores a sabiendas y refiriéndome siempre al estrecho territorio que respecta a la ciudad. (shrink)

This article highlights the challenge of environmental inequality in France within the framework of social-ecology, an approach relating ecological crises to social issues, especially inequality. It starts by defining the notions of environmental inequality and environmental justice within the framework of the; ‘capability approach’ and then reviews recent empirical studies that show how air pollution, chemical and noise pollutions, access to environmental resources and exposure to social-ecological disasters are socially differentiated in France and can be understood, under the definition adopted (...) in this article, as a form of injustice. It concludes by reviewing issues raised by environmental inequality in France and exploring policy solutions able to address this challenge. (shrink)

El movimiento educativo Filosofía para niños y niñas pretende que los estudiantes desde la más tierna infancia sean capaces de pensar por sí mismo de manera efectiva y afectiva. Para ello activamos tres dimensiones del pensamiento: pensamiento crítico, pensamiento creativo, y pensamiento cuidadoso. Palabras clave: filosofía, pensar, autonomía, critico, creativo, cuidadoso.

L'oeuvre de ce Catalan s'inscrit à la rencontre de Saint-Augustin, Saint Anselme, Saint Bernard... Sebond parvient à définir une sorte de "socratisme chrétien". Dans son "Liber creaturarum" il apparaît à la fois comme théologien, philosophe humaniste et apologiste de la foi.

Pode a história das instituições de ensino superior nos ajudar a compreender as causas de controvérsias filosóficas e os processos de mudança intelectual pelo qual velhos estilos intelectuais são substituídos por novos? Neste artigo, associo a emergência da filosofia pós-analítica nos Estados Unidos a partir da década de 1970 à reforma e expansão do sistema de ensino superior daquele país na segunda metade do século XX, que afetou a filosofia enquanto disciplina acadêmica e profissão. Tomando como ponto de partida as (...) reflexões de Richard Rorty a respeito do estado da disciplina no início dos anos 1980, mostro como seu diagnóstico de crise disciplinar, elaborado na forma de uma crítica filosófica aos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da filosofia analítica, é resultado de um processo mais longo e amplo de transformação das bases institucionais da vida filosófica profissional nos Estados Unidos. (shrink)

Abstract:This article will analyze the feeling of restlessness that we discover in the representation of the border areas, seen as extreme and paradigmatic landscapes of contemporary society. The analysis is based on three narrative works of current Catalan literature: Dies de frontera (Frontier days; 2014) by Vicenç Pagèsa; La pell de la frontera (The skin of the frontier; 2014) by Francesc Serés, and L'horitzó primer (The first horizon; 2014) by Joan Todó. Traditional Catalan—and European—literature, has long since lent great weight (...) to literary representation of landscape in the creation of identity and culture. Now, however, with the desolate, degraded and forgotten landscapes of the peripheries and borders, the narrative of place speaks to us of personal and collective crises. In recent decades, academics speak of a spatial turn in the humanities, and some even talk of a shift in civilization tied to the landscape. Catalan fiction is a good example of this shift. We shall analyze these three books to see how this place is perceived aesthetically and define the feeling of disquiet and restlessness which emerges, in the end, from these specific and deeply human observations. (shrink)

Vers la fin des années 1750, une Académie de Mathématiques fut créée au sein de l’Académie Militaire de la Garde du Corps à Madrid, dirigée par Pedro Padilla jusqu’à sa fermeture en 1760. En 1753, Padilla commença à publier son Cours Militaire de Mathématiques pour l’usage de cette Académie. Le besoin de textes mathématiques en espagnol dans le domaine militaire a conduit à la création en 1757 de la Société Royale Militaire de Mathématiques à Madrid sous la direction de Pedro (...) de Lucuce, lui aussi directeur de l’Académie Militaire de Mathématiques de Barcelone depuis 1738. Les membres de la Société ont été chargés de l’élaboration d’un cours complet dans lequel les mathématiques étaient considérées comme essentielles à la formation militaire des officiers artilleurs et des ingénieurs militaires. La Société, supprimée en 1760, a réussi à réunir une excellente bibliothèque scientifique et technique servant à son tour à fournir des futures bibliothèques militaires. Le but de cette contribution est d’explorer et de comparer la manière dont l’étude des mathématiques a été abordée dans ces deux cas. Toward the end of 1750, an Academy of Mathematics was established within the Military Academy of Royal Guards of Madrid that was managed by Pedro Padilla until it closed in 1760. In 1753, Padilla authored and published his Military Course of Mathematics for the specific use by this Academy. The further need for mathematical texts in Spanish for military training coursework led to the founding of the Royal Military Society of Mathematics of Madrid in 1757 under the direction of Pedro de Lucuce, the headmaster of the Barcelona Military Academy of Mathematics since 1738. The members of this Society were entrusted with producing a comprehensive course program in which mathematics was considered and presented as essential to training of military engineers and gunners. The Society of Mathematics was dissolved in 1760 but had succeeded in building an extensive scientific and technical book depository that later served as a valuable resource supplying other military libraries. The aim of this contribution is to explore and compare how the study of mathematics was approached in these two cases. (shrink)

Vers la fin des années 1750, une Académie de Mathématiques fut créée au sein de l’Académie Militaire de la Garde du Corps à Madrid, dirigée par Pedro Padilla (1724-1807?) jusqu’à sa fermeture en 1760. En 1753, Padilla commença à publier son Cours Militaire de Mathématiques (1753 -1756) pour l’usage de cette Académie. Le besoin de textes mathématiques en espagnol dans le domaine militaire a conduit à la création en 1757 de la Société Royale Militaire de Mathématiques à Madrid sous la (...) direction de Pedro de Lucuce (1692-1779), lui aussi directeur de l’Académie Militaire de Mathématiques de Barcelone depuis 1738. Les membres de la Société ont été chargés de l’élaboration d’un cours complet dans lequel les mathématiques étaient considérées comme essentielles à la formation militaire des officiers artilleurs et des ingénieurs militaires. La Société, supprimée en 1760, a réussi à réunir une excellente bibliothèque scientifique et technique servant à son tour à fournir des futures bibliothèques militaires. Le but de cette contribution est d’explorer et de comparer la manière dont l’étude des mathématiques a été abordée dans ces deux cas. Toward the end of 1750, an Academy of Mathematics was established within the Military Academy of Royal Guards of Madrid that was managed by Pedro Padilla (1724-1807?) until it closed in 1760. In 1753, Padilla authored and published his Military Course of Mathematics (1753-1756) for the specific use by this Academy. The further need for mathematical texts in Spanish for military training coursework led to the founding of the Royal Military Society of Mathematics of Madrid in 1757 under the direction of Pedro de Lucuce (1692-1779), the headmaster of the Barcelona Military Academy of Mathematics since 1738. The members of this Society were entrusted with producing a comprehensive course program in which mathematics was considered and presented as essential to training of military engineers and gunners. The Society of Mathematics was dissolved in 1760 but had succeeded in building an extensive scientific and technical book depository that later served as a valuable resource supplying other military libraries. The aim of this contribution is to explore and compare how the study of mathematics was approached in these two cases. (shrink)

What new forms of ethical engagement are emerging in naturecultural worlds? In this paper I explore the example of the practical ethics of the permaculture movement. I put these in dialogue first with new approaches to ethics in biopolitics and naturecultures and second with a reading of feminist care ethics. Across this discussion I focus on the potential of ethos transformations experienced through everyday doings to promote ethical obligations of care. If we are living in a naturecultural world where politics (...) and ethics conflate in biopolitics, the permaculture movement is an example of an alter-biopolitical intervention. It works within bios with an ethics of collective empowerment that puts caring at the heart of its search of alternatives for hopeful flourishing for all beings. (shrink)

What new forms of ethical engagement are emerging in naturecultural worlds? In this paper I explore the example of the practical ethics of the permaculture movement. I put these in dialogue first with new approaches to ethics in biopolitics and naturecultures and second with a reading of feminist care ethics. Across this discussion I focus on the potential of ethos transformations experienced through everyday doings to promote ethical obligations of care. If we are living in a naturecultural world where politics (...) and ethics conflate in biopolitics, the permaculture movement is an example of an alter-biopolitical intervention. It works within bios with an ethics of collective empowerment that puts caring at the heart of its search of alternatives for hopeful flourishing for all beings. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el uso del término cáncer desde una perspectiva social y su representación en la prensa española a comienzos del siglo xx, en los periódicos La Vanguardia y ABC. A partir de la hemeroteca digital de ambos medios se seleccionaron todas y cada una de las veces que se pudo identificar el término «cáncer» y su aplicación metafórica desde una perspectiva de problemática social, procediéndose a la descripción de los rasgos significativos y al análisis (...) del discurso. Encontramos un uso de la palabra cáncer como metáfora social a lo largo del periodo estudiado, siendo común extender la metáfora del cuerpo enfermo a situaciones de orden político o social. El cáncer es una enfermedad con un gran impacto en nuestra sociedad, cuya utilización metafórica es descriptiva y expresa el deseo del cambio, pero su empleo puede comportar la estigmatización de los enfermos afectados por esta patología. Palabras clave: cáncer, metáfora, sociedad, prensa, España.The objective of this article is to analyze the use of the term cancer from a social perspective and its representation in the Spanish press at the beginning of the 20th Century, in the newspapers La Vanguardia and ABC. From the digital mass media library, each and every one of the times that the term «cancer» and its metaphorical application could be identified from a perspective of the social problem was selected, proceeding to the description of the essential features and the discourse analysis. A use of the word cancer as a social metaphor was found throughout the studied period, being common to extend the metaphor of the sick body in situations of political or social order. Cancer is a disease with a great impact on our society, metaphorical use is descriptive and expresses the desire for change, but its use may involve the stigmatization of patients affected by this pathology. Key words: cancer, metaphor, society, press, Spain. (shrink)

Objetivo general: Analizar la evolución del estudio de las necesidades humanas desde los autores clásicos hasta los teóricos actuales. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de las necesidades humanas desde distintas perspectivas de las ciencias sociales. Resultados: En las grandes corrientes científicas que teorizan sobre las necesidades humanas, se observan distintas maneras de conceptualizarlas, aunque en su mayoría contemplan las necesidades como constructo social, que puede interpretarse vinculado al momento socio-histórico.

Pode o mestre ensinar algo através da fala? Uma análise sobre as obras De Magistro de Santo Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar nas obras De Magistro de Santo Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino a possibilidade do ensino através da figura do mestre e/ou de um agente externo ao discípulo ou indivíduo. Agostinho defende a tese da qual só Deus ensina e a figura do mestre torna-se apenas como um auxiliador no processo de (...) aprendizagem para a verdade interior do discípulo, tese essa formulada através da sua Teoria da Iluminação. Tomás de Aquino não contradiz completamente Agostinho, mas defende o papel e a importância do mestre sobre o tipo de conhecimento que o mesmo pode fornecer ao discípulo, tendo papel substancial para o processo de aprendizagem para adquirir conhecimento. Ambos se preocupam em que medida o mestre pode ensinar, o que ensina e como ensina, visando compreender como se dá o processo de conhecimento do ser humano o relacionando-o com a verdade das coisas. Palavras-chave: Santo Agostinho; Tomás de Aquino; De Magistro; Ensino; Aprendizagem. Can the master teach something through speech? An analysis of the works De Magistro of Saint Augustine and Thomas Aquinas Abstract: This article aims to investigate in the works De Magistro of Saint Augustine and Thomas Aquinas the possibility of teaching through the figure of the master and / or an external agent to the disciple or individual. Augustine defends the thesis that only God teaches and the figure of the master becomes only as a helper in the learning process for the disciple's inner truth, a thesis formulated through his Theory of Enlightenment. Thomas Aquinas does not completely contradict Augustine, but he defends the role and the importance of the master on the type of knowledge that he can provide to the disciple, having a substantial role in the learning process to acquire knowledge. Both are concerned with the extent to which the master can teach, what he teaches and how he teaches with a view to understanding how the human being's knowledge process takes place, relating it to the truth of things. Keywords: Saint Augustine; Thomas Aquinas; De Magistro; Teaching; Learning. ¿Puede el maestro enseñar algo a través del habla? Un análisis de las obras De Magistro de San Agustín y Tomás de Aquino Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar en las obras De Magistro de Santo Agostinho y Tomás de Aquino la posibilidad de enseñar a través de la figura del maestro y / o de un agente externo al discípulo o individuo. Agustín defiende la tesis de que sólo Dios enseña y la figura del maestro se convierte sólo en un ayudante en el proceso de aprendizaje de la verdad interior del discípulo, tesis formulada a través de su Teoría de la Ilustración. Tomás de Aquino no contradice completamente a Agustín, pero defiende el papel y la importancia del maestro sobre el tipo de conocimientos que puede aportar al discípulo, teniendo un papel sustancial en el proceso de aprendizaje para adquirir conocimientos. Ambos se preocupan por la medida en que el maestro puede enseñar, lo que enseña y cómo enseña, con el objetivo de comprender cómo se produce el proceso de conocimiento del ser humano, relacionándolo con la verdad de las cosas. Palabras-clave: San Agustín; Tomás de Aquino; De Magistro; Enseñando; Aprendizaje. Data de registro: 16/08/2020 Data de aceite: 16/12/2020. (shrink)

What new forms of ethical engagement are emerging in naturecultural worlds? In this paper I explore the example of the practical ethics of the permaculture movement. I put these in dialogue first with new approaches to ethics in biopolitics and naturecultures and second with a reading of feminist care ethics. Across this discussion I focus on the potential of ethos transformations experienced through everyday doings to promote ethical obligations of care. If we are living in a naturecultural world where politics (...) and ethics conflate in biopolitics, the permaculture movement is an example of an alter-biopolitical intervention. It works within bios with an ethics of collective empowerment that puts caring at the heart of its search of alternatives for hopeful flourishing for all beings. (shrink)

Ante los indicadores de insostenibilidad ambiental y social, se busca un enfoque educativo eficaz que contribuya a revertirla. A tal efecto, se propone una educación moral, que no se centre tanto en contenidos como en facilitar que cada estudiante aprenda a buscarlos, hacerlos propios y los traduzca en compromisos de conducta personal. La propuesta educativa se presenta ejemplificada en una asignatura concreta, que sirve de hilo expositivo y ejemplo de aplicación. Tras una breve introducción sobre los indicadores de insostenibilidad, se (...) presenta la planificación, metodología y objetivo de la asignatura. A continuación, se reflexiona sobre dos de los obstáculos a los que se enfrenta la educación moral en la actualidad: la fragmentación del saber y la dificultad para que los aprendizajes teóricos se traduzcan en conductas. Por último, se exploran dos oportunidades para la educación moral que pueden facilitar ese vínculo: la búsqueda de las causas profundas de problemas ambientales y sociales actuales, y el empleo de la belleza. (shrink)

In a context of global change, inland navigation transport has gained interest with economic and environmental benefits. The development of this means of conveyance requires the improvement of its management rules to deal with the increase of navigation and the potential impact of global change. To achieve this aim, it is first necessary to have a better knowledge about the dynamics of inland navigation networks and their interaction with the environment. Second, the potential effects of global change have to be (...) anticipated. This article focuses on the modeling of inland navigation reaches. An inland navigation network is a large-scale distributed system composed of several interconnected reaches. These reaches are characterized by non-linearities, time delays, and generally no significant slope. To deal with these particularities, a gray-box model is proposed. It consists in determining the delays according to the physical characteristics of the system. The parameters of the model are identified with measured data. The gray-box model is used to reproduce the dynamics of the Cuinchy–Fontinettes reach located in the north of France. (shrink)

This paper has a double purpose: firstly, to assess the importance of seiðr magic rituals and of its practitioners within the social and mythological framework of Old norse-icelandic Literature. Secondly, by means of the analysis of certain scenes in The Saga of Gísli Súrsson, i aim to demonstrate that the inclusion of magic-religious motifs in the Sagas of icelanders has a triple objective: to provide a model to help understand apparently inexplicable phenomena, to intensify the tragic tone of the plot (...) and finally to depict those involved in the performance of seiðr in a very negative light. (shrink)

Apesar de terem estado entre os primeiros imigrantes europeus que chegaram, há pouco mais de 150 anos, à Serra dos Tapes, devido a sua origem étnica e condição camponesa os pomeranos foram, por muito tempo, estigmatizados. Contudo, processo de sentido contrário tem sido observado nos últimos anos, com a criação de políticas locais de valorização do patrimônio cultural pomerano. O estudo evidencia que várias dessas iniciativas são pautadasna tentativa de resgate de formas tradicionais do “ser pomerano”, processo em que o (...) modo de vida do grupo —e em particular seus saberes e práticas alimentares— tem sido convertido em atrativo turístico, oferecido ao consumo. Palavras chave:patrimônio cultural pomerano, turismo rural, alimentação, imigração, campesinato, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Despite being among the first European immigrants who arrived, a little over 150 years ago, at Serra dos Tapes, because of their ethnic origin and peasant condition, Pomeranians have been stigmatized for a long time. However, a reverse process has been observed in the last few years, with the establishment of local policies to safeguard and enhance the Pomeranian cultural heritage. The survey shows that many of these initiatives are grounded in the attempt to rescue traditional ways of “being Pomeranian”, a process in which the group’s way of life —and particularly their cookery knowledge and practices— has been converted into a tourism attraction focused on consumption. Key words: cultural heritage, Pomerians, rural tourism, eating, immigration, peasantry, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (shrink)

Summary The aim of this paper is to analyse the scientific relations between Germany and Spain during the Entente Boycott (1919–1926) and the German academic policy that fostered it. The study of the international relations of German science during the 1920s has been carried out using as a basis the archives of scientific institutions. Personal initiatives by individual scientists to establish relations have therefore not been taken into account. The relations between the scientific communities of Germany and Spain during the (...) 1920s indicate the importance of such personal relationships and from their transcendence at a political level. They also offer an example of how political strategies could dictate the politics of academic recognition. This paper is based on the analysis of sources found at the Foreign Office Archives in Berlin. It gives us a clear idea about the role of scientific relationships between the two countries in shaping their scientific policies. (shrink)

El artículo analiza la función de la teología cristiana en la sociedad actual. A tal fin, el autor comienza por sintetizar los elementos más característicos de la sociedad que se está gestando. En segundo lugar, propone la necesidad de una mediación cultural para la comunicación del evangelio. Seguidamente, el autor reclama el necesario diálogo de la teología con la cultura y la universidad. Y el estudio termina por presentar sintéticamente el papel de los centros superiores de enseñanza de la teología, (...) según las recomendaciones de la Veritatis Gaudium del papa Francisco. (shrink)

Estudio sobre el Derecho Penal agrupandolos en tres apartados, uno general, otro destinado a la función de la pena y un tercero dedicado a aspectos centrales de la teoría del delito.

Environmental sensitivity and Christianism Contemporary environmental sensitivity has characterized for decades the emerging culture in the developed world. It is not yet mainstream in influencing behavior at a global level, as the growing environmental impact of consumerism testifies particularly to it. Present day environmental sensitivity seems somehow at odds with Christianism, charged for decades alongside Judaism with major responsibility in the environmental crisis. This paper explains and discusses on seven interlinked aspects of the environmental value amply recognized across environmentalism. In (...) examining them, Christian environmentalism learns particularly some demands of the Christian vocation that may remain neglected and demand a moral conversion both of Christians and of no non-Christians and non-believers. In accepting this demand, the Christian discerns the life-giving presence of Christ in many traits of the environmental sensitivity and culture. This encounter offers grounds for a reciprocal understanding and enrichment of Christians and non-believers or non-Christians, towards the attainment of a wider and deeper respect of environmental and human shared values. (shrink)

The subtle thought of care -- Knowledge politics -- Assembling neglected "things" -- Thinking with care -- Touching visions -- Speculative ethics in antiecological times -- Alterbiopolitics -- Soil times: the pace of ecological care.