A l'automne 1816, Hegel fut nommé à l'Université de Heidelberg l'Encyclopédie a été rédigée à cette occasion et parut en 1817, dans sa première version. Appelé à Berlin, Hegel s'appuie encore sur cet ouvrage qu'il considère lui-même comme une sorte de manuel de sa propre philosophie : une deuxième version augmentée paraîtra en 1827. La troisième version, celle qui est ici traduite, date de 1830, un an avant la mort du philosophe. Ainsi, l'Encyclopédie est le livre qui, accompagnant le travail (...) philosophique de Hegel durant près de quinze ans, présente, mieux que la Phénoménologie de l'Esprit, la somme la plus exacte et la plus fidèle du système hégélien. Préparé par F. Nicolin et O. Pöggeler pour la grande édition critique en cours de publication, le texte de l'Encyclopédie est présenté ici avec les notes des éditeurs allemands, adaptées et complétées, des index des noms et des choses, ainsi qu'un glossaire bilingue de tous les termes techniques. (shrink)

More and more development projects are using group or community approaches to disseminate technology and resources. It is believed that using such an approach will provide a safety net as well as social control to ensure the sustainability of the technology and resource. However, little is known of the exact process and social networks that are mobilized and used in using such an approach. Particular attention is devoted in the paper to gender differences and the concept of social capital for (...) analyzing social networks. Cases and the analysis were drawn from Heifer Project International's efforts to disseminate improved goat breeds through a village group process in Tanzania. An examination of these case studies shows that internal processes are crucial in understanding technology transfer. In all groups, a person's social capital did determine whether a member got a goat, and a person's ability to access and manage information also played an important role. Of all the groups, the most successful and sustainable had a history of interaction and were involved within several projects in which the members met each other in different arenas. (shrink)

Quantitative studies have assessed nurses’ attitudes toward and frequency of spiritual care [SC] and which factors are of influence on this attitude and frequency. However, we had doubts about the construct validity of the scales used in these studies. Our objective was to evaluate scales measuring nursing SC. Articles about the development and psychometric evaluation of SC scales have been identified, using, Web of Science, and CINAHL, and evaluated with respect to the psychometric properties and item content of the scales. (...) Item content was evaluated by each of the five authors with respect to the following questions: Does the item (1) reflect a general opinion about SC instead of a personal willingness to offer SC; (2) reflect general psychosocial care instead of specific SC; (3) focus solely on religious care; (4) contain the words ‘spiritual’ (care/needs/health/strengths, etc.); and (5) contain multiple propositions, or have an unclear meaning? We found eight scales. Psychometric analysis of these scales was often meager and the items of all but one scale suffered from two or more of the five problems described above. This leads us to conclude that many quantitative results in this area are based on findings with questionable scales. Suggestions for improvements are provided. (shrink)

The idea of the genetic unity of all mankind is an integral part of Christian teaching. The purpose of this brief survey is to illustrate its role within the Greek patristic tradition, and then to point to a few examples from modern science which lend support to this ancient idea.