Telomerase is a cellular reverse transcriptase responsible for telomere maintenance in most organisms. It does so by adding telomere repeats onto pre‐existing ends using an integral RNA component as template. Compared to “prototypical” reverse transcriptases, telomerase is unique in being able to repetitively copy a short templating RNA segment, thus adding multiple copies of the repeat to the DNA substrate following a single binding event. This uniquely processive property hints at the intricate conformational alterations that the enzyme must choreograph during (...) its reaction cycles. Recent studies have identified distinct structural elements within both the RNA and protein components of telomerase that modulate enzyme processivity. Pharmacological and genetic analysis suggest that telomerase processivity is a significant determinant of telomere length. Because telomere maintenance and the lack thereof have been linked to tumor progression and aging, further investigation of telomerase processivity may lead to novel medical intervention strategies. BioEssays 26:955–962, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the finite-time synchronization analysis for complex-valued recurrent neural networks with time delays. First, two kinds of common activation functions appearing in the existing references are combined together and more general assumptions are given. To achieve our aim, a nonlinear delayed controller with two independent parameters different from the existing ones is provided, which leads to great difficulty. To overcome it, a newly developed inequality is used. Then, via Lyapunov function approach, some criteria are derived to guarantee (...) the finite-time synchronization of the considered system, and the settling time for synchronization is also estimated. Finally, two numerical simulations are given to support the effectiveness and advantages of the obtained results. (shrink)

本书谈到现代什么思想的根源,立论于集体审美意识,是来自于人类自原始社会以来的文化和审美经验的积淀,分别从东西方审美思想在历史、时空环境、社会、人文、哲学等各方面,在心灵思想与真实生活之间,探讨有关美的 命题.

To investigate the relationships among child psychological abuse and neglect, children’s learning engagement, family socioeconomic status, and children’s academic achievement, 271 children and their parents participated in this study with a longitudinal design. Results revealed that learning engagement at T1 mediated the relationship between CPAN at T1 and academic achievement at T2 when gender, age, grade, and academic achievement at T1 were under control. Family SES at T1 moderated the relationship between children’s learning engagement at T1 and academic achievement at (...) T2. The association between learning engagement and academic achievement was stronger among children from lower family SES. Our findings highlighted the negative impact of CPAN and the critical role of learning engagement in children’s academic achievement, especially for those from low SES families. (shrink)

PurposeCollege students in the pandemic area are experiencing the problems caused by COVID-19 by themselves or people around them, how to cope with the sudden changes and adjust the psychological stress response, and get experience and grow in the fight against the pandemic is a question worth in-depth discussion. The researchers constructed a mediated regulation model to examine the effects of intrusive rumination on the creativity of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating effect of post-traumatic (...) growth and the moderating role of psychological resilience.MethodsA sample of 475 university students from Guangdong Province, China, were surveyed with the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale, the Event Related Rumination Inventory, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Psychological Resilience Scale. SPSS and PROCESS were used for correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and mediated moderation analysis.Results Intrusive rumination was positively correlated with post-traumatic growth and creativity but negatively correlated with psychological resilience. Psychological resilience was positively correlated with post-traumatic growth and creativity. Post-traumatic growth and creativity were positively correlated. Post-traumatic growth played a mediating role in the relationship between intrusive rumination and creativity. Psychological resilience moderated the first half of the pathway “intrusive rumination → post-traumatic growth → creativity.”ConclusionIntrusive rumination affected creativity directly and also indirectly through post-traumatic growth. At the same time, psychological resilience played a moderating role between intrusive rumination and creativity. The correlation between intrusive rumination and post-traumatic growth was stronger when levels of psychological resilience levels were higher. (shrink)

El manuscrito 2461 de la Biblioteca General de Rabat conserva un tercer zi)3 del astrónomo Muhammad ibn al-Raqqám al-Andalusí (m. 1315): al-Ziy al-Mustawfa. Los cánones (capitulo 18) y la tabla del movimiento del apogeo de al-Mustawfa están relacionados con el trabajo de Ibm Isháq al-Túnisí (1193-1222), quien compiló, probablemente, un conjunto de tablas carentes de cánones. Ibn al-Raqqám conocía bien el ziy de Ibn Isháq del que realizó dos recensiones conocidas hasta ahora: al-Ziy al- amil y al-Ziy al-Qawim. En al-Mustawfó, (...) tercera recensión de la misma obra, Ibn al-Raqqám aclara cuál era la opinión de Ibn Isl3áq sobre el movimiento de los apogeos planetarios y la división que existía, a este respecto, entre los astrónomos de la escuela andaluso-magrebí. (shrink)

This article examines Chen Ziying, an American-trained Chinese biologist and his prewar efforts to bring his Woods Hole experience from the United States to China between 1930 and 1936. I argue that the Marine Biological Laboratory appears as a prominent American scientific institution in the twentieth century among visiting Chinese students and scholars who were drawn to the American approach of building world-class seaside laboratories to facilitate marine biological study while cultivating a collaborative culture via songs of biology. Chen (...) was one of the leading US-trained Chinese scientists who aspired to the international trend of developing coastal biology in the early twentieth century and was determined to modernize China’s discipline-building of biology with the construction of marine research facilities similar to the MBL. I show that Chen’s efforts of bringing the MBL practice to China took place at a time when science in China was overshadowed by the impulse of nationalism. Despite the nationalistic rhetoric, Chen was able to establish a Chinese connection with Woods Hole by introducing the MBL cultural practices of songs with biological significance. Lyrics from popular biological songs such as “It’s a Long Way from Amphioxus” and “Songs of Amoy” reflect not just Darwinian themes but also a transnational connection between American and Chinese biologists in Republican-era China––a period in modern Chinese history that is often characterized by soaring sentiments of nationalism. This paper sets out to reconsider the interplay of scientific nationalism and scientific internationalism in shaping marine science in modern China, as well as to reflect on the meanings of value-laden terms such as “nationalism” and “foreignness” and their conceptual impacts on writing the historiography of biology in twentieth-century China. (shrink)

İslâm coğrafyasının genişlemesi neticesinde Arap olmayan toplulukların İslâm dini ile tanışmaları beraberinde bir takım problemleri de getirmiştir. Bu problemler arasında, Kur’ân’ın yanlış anlaşılma endişesi en başı çekmektedir. Arapçaya hâkim olmamaktan kaynaklanan dil hatalarının âyetlere kadar sirayet ettiğini gösteren birçok rivayetin varlığı da bunu teyit etmektedir. Bundan dolayı hicrî birinci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren dil ile ilgili faaliyetler aralıksız bir şekilde devam etmiştir. Bu faaliyetler arasında, Kur’ân’ın üslûbunu, âyetlerde yer alan kelimelerin delâleti ve sesletimini, cümlelerin iç bütünlüğü ile filolojik tahlillerini ele (...) alan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar, Arap gramerinin oluşturulması ve bazı gramer ekollerinin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte genellikle “Ma‘âni’l-Ḳur’ân” ve “İ‘râbü’l-Ḳur’ân” başlıkları kullanılarak daha sistemli bir şekilde hicri dördüncü yüzyılın sonlarına kadar devam etmiştir. “Ma‘âni’l-Ḳur’ân” başlığını kullanarak eser yazan âlimler arasında gramer ilmiyle birlikte tefsir alanında da önemli bir konuma sahip olan Yahyâ b. Ziyâd el-Ferrâ da bulunmaktadır. Sözü edilen eserde Ferrâ’nın, lügavî tahlilleri esnasında özellikle sözcüklerin siygası ve çok anlamlılığı doğrultusunda dil-kültür ilişkisine örnek olabilecek birçok bireysel değerlendirmesine rastlanılmaktadır. Onun bazı ayetler etrafında sergilenen çeşitli görüşlere yer verdikten sonra Arap toplumu nezdinde bir yönüyle de bile olsa kabul gören semantik tahlillere ayrıca yer vermesi, müfessirlerin, çoğu zaman anlaşılması güç ayetlerle birlikte murad edilenin dışında bir yorumun önlenmesi için dönemin kültüründen yararlanmaları gerektiği şeklinde de değerlendirilebilir. Bu bakımdan Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in insanlığa sunduğu mesajların en doğru şekilde anlaşılabilmesi adına bazı âyetlerin tefsiri ve değerlendirmesi yapılırken başvurulacak ilmî merci ve disiplinlerin geniş tutulması önem arz etmektedir. Binâenaleyh makalede Ferrâ’nın kendisine özgü tahlilleriyle beraber, görüşlerine yer verdiği başka âlimlerin analizlerinden sadece dil-kültür ilişkisine örnek olabilecek tespitler üzerinde durularak kültür ve dil etkileşiminin âyet yorumundaki rolüne işaret edilecektir. (shrink)

你自己去寻出一个本不成问题的问题，“人生有何意义？”其实这个问题是容易解答的。人生的意义全是各人自己寻出来、造出来的：高尚、卑劣、清贵、污浊、有用、无用，……全靠自己的作为。生命本身不过是一件生物学的 事实，有什么意义可说？一个人与一只猫，一只狗，有什么分别？人生的意义不在于何以有生，而在于自己怎样生活。你若情愿把这六尺之躯葬送在白昼作梦之上，那就是你这一生的意义。你若发愤振作起来，决心去寻求生命的 意义，去创造自己的生命的意义，那么，你活一日便有一日的意义，作一事便添一事的意义，生命无穷，生命的意义也无穷了。.

Laurence Darsigny-Trépanier Dans cet article, l’autrice s’intéresse à la dynamique entre le jeune homme et l’autre femme en Pr 7, en mettant l’accent sur la violence qui la caractérise. Par son analyse des actions posées par l’autre femme, elle remet en question l’interprétation courante selon laquelle cette dernière serait une séductrice. À l’aide de diverses théories féministes contemporaines, l’autrice suggère plutôt de lire Pr 7 comme un récit mettant en scène une agression, un récit dans lequel s’opère une subversion des (...) rôles de genres. (shrink)

De 1806 à 1822 une discussion est entamée par trois ecclésiastiques hispaniques éclairés, Funes, Mier et Llorente, autour de l’Apologie de Las Casas, lue par l’abbé Grégoire en 1800, qui dégageait le vigoureux défenseur des Indiens de toute responsabilité dans la traite des Noirs. Si la publication en 1875 de l’Historia de las Indias a donné a posteriori raison sur le fond à Grégoire, son raisonnement ne doit pas, à la lecture des propos des débatteurs, être complètement pris pour argent (...) comptant. C’est de manière abusive et contradictoire que Grégoire taxe l’historien Herrera de malveillance et de légèreté. De plus, les silences publics de Las Casas, comme son Historia Apologetica longtemps inédite, accréditent aussi certaines objections de Funes et de Llorente. Between 1806 and 1822 three enlightened Hispanic clergymen, Funes, Mier, and Llorente, opened a debate about the Apology of Las Casas read by Father Grégoire in 1800, a text which denied to the energetic advocate of the Indians any responsibility in black slave trade. Although the publication of the Historia de las Indias in 1875 proved Grégoire essentially right, close reading of the discussions of the three debaters shows that his argument should not be taken at face value. In an improper and contradictory way Grégoire accuses the historian Herrera of ill will and thoughtlessness. Moreover, Las Casas’ public silence, like his Historia Apologetica which remained unpublished for a long time, also substantiated some objections from Funes and Llorente. (shrink)

阐述人作为主体和自然作为客体的认同,人与自然之间在形体结构、情感意志、伦理道德有一种相通和类似的关系的美学观点和源流。.