Segundo o conceito de tímese parabólica formulado pelo filósofo brasileiro Mário Ferreira dos Santos, quando um ser humano responde com uma intensidade maior que a dos estímulos recebidos, ele compara sua situação atual com aquela que é capaz de alcançar. A comparação com uma perfeição virtual mostra ao homem algo melhor a ser feito e o estimula a buscar a melhoria de algo ou situação, ou mesmo de si mesmo e de outra pessoa. Quanto ao próprio ser humano, a filosofia (...) indica uma perfeição correspondente à natureza humana, que não se restringe ao exercício de papéis sociais ou tarefas específicas, mas ao cumprimento das potencialidades inerentes à dignidade humana. Ao contrário dos bens externos, cuja disponibilidade é limitada e cuja posse é rival, os bens internos são moldados por cada indivíduo de uma forma que beneficia toda a comunidade. As virtudes pessoais cultivadas pelo indivíduo têm uma repercussão social positiva. Temos o tempo parabólico intersubjetivo quando um percebe o potencial de outrem e estimula o outro a se desenvolver. Isto ocorre principalmente em relação a alguém que se ama ou cujo bem se deseja. Neste artigo, quero defender a afirmação de que a tendência à perfeição teleológica é uma qualidade inerente ao ser humano, que é melhor compreendida através da conjugação da corporeidade e da intersubjetividade: a disposição corpórea é naturalmente adequada ao processo de idealização e busca da perfeição humana específica, que necessariamente ocorre através do intercâmbio sincrônico com o aperfeiçoamento do outro. (shrink)

Taxa and homologues can in our view be construed both as kinds and as individuals. However, the conceptualization of taxa as natural kinds in the sense of homeostatic property cluster kinds has been criticized by some systematists, as it seems that even such kinds cannot evolve due to their being homeostatic. We reply by arguing that the treatment of transformational and taxic homologies, respectively, as dynamic and static aspects of the same homeostatic property cluster kind represents a good perspective for (...) supporting the conceptualization of taxa as kinds. The focus on a phenomenon of homology based on causal processes (e.g., connectivity, activity-function, genetics, inheritance, and modularity) and implying relationship with modification yields a notion of natural kinds conforming to the phylogenetic-evolutionary framework. Nevertheless, homeostatic property cluster kinds in taxonomic and evolutionary practice must be rooted in the primacy of epistemological classification (homology as observational properties) over metaphysical generalization (series of transformation and common ancestry as unobservational processes). The perspective of individuating characters exclusively by historical-transformational independence instead of their developmental, structural, and functional independence fails to yield a sufficient practical interplay between theory and observation. Purely ontological and ostensional perspectives in evolution and phylogeny (e.g., an ideographic character concept and PhyloCode’s ‘individualism’ of clades) may be pragmatically contested in the case of urgent issues in biodiversity research, conservation, and systematics. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é determinar as evidências do irracionalismo nos textos iniciais de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos com respeito à teoria do conhecimento, considerando o período de preparação do autor para seu posicionamento posterior na fenomenologia. Para tanto, foi realizada análise imanente dos textos selecionados (1939-1955). Os resultados sugerem que as evidências do irracionalismo compareceram pela adesão do autor ao agnosticismo relativista presente nas posições do existencialismo e da fenomenologia, preenchendo assim uma lacuna na pesquisa a respeito do pensamento do (...) sociólogo brasileiro. Tal adesão se deu em circunstância de reação ao marxismo elegido como adversário a ser combatido, da mesma maneira em que fora confrontado por tendências irracionalistas na filosofia. (shrink)

Neste artigo, demonstrei a relação entre a Memória, a História Oral e o Patrimônio Imaterial Afro-brasileiro. Apontei para os aspectos teóricos e para a práxis de uma História Oral capaz de oferecer algumas bases para a salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial. Para tanto, propus um diálogo dinâmico com diferentes conceitos de Memória, sobretudo conforme compreendida por Joël Candau e Maurice Halbwachs. Apresentei diferentes conceitos em diálogo com autores especialistas em Patrimônio Imaterial, como: Maria Amélia Jundurian Corá, Chiara Bortolotto e Ulpiano Toledo (...) Bezerra de Menses. Além disso, identifiquei procedimentos construídos por José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, Suzana Lopes Salgado Ribeiro e Fabíola Holanda no âmbito do Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral – NEHO/USP. Palavras-chave: Memória, História Oral, Patrimônio Imaterial, Teoria. (shrink)

A chamada corrida espacial remete a um dos mais instigantes eventos da Guerra Fria e da própria história humana. Neste artigo, busca-se explicitar o contexto do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial em que Estados Unidos e União Soviética decidiram investir em tecnologias para explorar e ocupar o espaço exterior, sobretudo a órbita terrestre, destacando suas estratégias ligadas à obtenção de informações sobre a ação do “inimigo” mediante a constituição de sistemas permanentes de inteligência a um baixo custo político para as tensas relações (...) bipolares. Em meio a demonstrações de superioridade bélico-científica envolvendo o desenvolvimento de mísseis intercontinentais, satélites de pesquisa e os pioneiros voos espaciais tripulados, as superpotências se empenharam para instalar secretos sistemas orbitais de monitoramento dos arsenais nucleares, cuja entrada em operação passou a propiciar tecnologias eficazes para o governo do terror nuclear e para a administração diplomático-militar dos conflitos decorrentes de seu enfrentamento planetário. Além de recuperar informações sobre a Guerra Fria, a problematização da corrida espacial também contribui para o estudo genealógico dos programas sidero-planetários de monitoramento que se afirmam como elementos dos dispositivos de poder das contemporâneas sociedades de controle.Bring data! Space race and Intelligence The so-called space race refers to one of the most exciting events of the Cold War and of the human history. In this article, we try to explain the post-World War II context in which the United States and Soviet Union decided to invest in technologies to exploit and occupy outer space, especially the terrestrial orbit, highlighting their strategies for obtaining information about the action of the "enemy" through the constitution of permanent systems of intelligence at a low political cost for tense bipolar relations. Amidst demonstrations of warlike scientific superiority involving the development of intercontinental missiles, research satellites, and pioneering manned spaceflight, the superpowers worked to install secret orbital systems for monitoring nuclear arsenals, whose entry into operation began to provide effective technologies to the government of nuclear terror and to the diplomatic-military administration of the conflicts arising from its planetary confrontation. In addition to retrieving information about the Cold War, the problematization of the space race also contributes to the genealogical study of the space-planetary programs of monitoring that affirm themselves as elements of the devices of power of the contemporary societies of control. Resumen Bring data! Carrera espacial y inteligencia La carrera espacial lleva a uno de los más estimulantes eventos de la Guerra Fría y de la historia humana. En este artículo, vamos a explicitar el contexto de lo post Segunda Guerra Mundial en lo que Estados Unidos y Unión Soviética decidieron hacer uso de tecnologías para explorar y ocupar el espacio exterior, sobretodo la órbita terrestre, subrayando las estrategias relacionadas a la obtención de información sobre la acción del “enemigo” frente a la constitución de sistema permanentes de inteligencia de bajo coste político para las tensas relaciones bipolares. Entre las demonstraciones de superioridad bélica-científica involucrando el desarrollo de misiles intercontinentales, satélites de investigación y los pioneros vuelos espaciales tripulados, las superpotencias insistieron en instalar secretos sistemas orbitales para monitorear los arsenales nucleares, cuyo inicio de operación proporcionó tecnologías eficaces para el gobierno del terror nuclear y para la administración diplomático-militar de conflictos resultantes del enfrentamiento planetario. Además de recuperar informaciones sobre la Guerra Fría, la problematización de la carrera espacial también contribuye a que el estudio genealógico de programas siderales y planetarios para monitorizar que se afirman como elementos de dispositivos de poder de sociedades de control contemporáneas. (shrink)

The environment is a continuous source of matter and energy, which dynamizes the adaptive processes of biological systems, so that these systems emerge, persist or are extinguished as a consequence of their reactions to the environment. This perspective, forged from classical physics, gives way to multiple ecological theories, with evolution being the most prominent one. In all these cases, information would be both dependent and subsequent to matter and energy. Thus, the emergence and dynamics of genetic material or ecological attributes (...) such as abundance, richness or diversity depend mainly on the interaction of these two fundamental states. However, recent approaches from quantum physics and complexity views put forward the notion that information can be independent and prior to matter and energy, which allows us to see ecological processes from another perspective, i.e., as including complex biological systems as capable of showing emergent properties such as cognition. We proposed here a set of postulates and ideas that suggests how the ability to manipulate (internalize, integrate, store and generate) information can be developed by those systems, which would directly and non-randomly influence ecological attributes and their dynamics; i.e., how this property can possibly help replacing the notion of the environment as the ultimate cause of changes. Besides fully detailing the sources of knowledge and our rationale in this sense, we have also discussed how these thoughts and possibilities can be employed in devising better and more comprehensive approaches for biological conservation strategies. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In contemporary epistemology, there are a number of particular internalism/externalism debates. My concern here is with the internalism/externalism controversy about some specific positive epistemic status required for knowledge which is normally understood in terms of epistemic responsibility. I argue that, given our pervasive epistemic interdependence, such particular debate needs to be reformulated in anti-individualistic terms if it is to be an interesting one.

Algunos autores han sostenido que es posible que en el pasaje de la mano invisible, en La teoría de los sentimientos morales, Smith esté contestando a Rousseau. Esta hipótesis se basa en una fraseología similar que usan tanto Smith como Rousseau en el Discurso sobre el origen de la desigualdad. En esta nota se mostrará que es posible realizar una distinción importante con relación al período histórico que Smith está analizando en el pasaje de la mano invisible de TSM IV: (...) 10 y el que Rousseau está analizando en el Discurso sobre el origen de la desigualdad, a pesar de la fraseología similar con relación a las rudas selvas de la naturaleza. Some authors have contended that it is possible that Smith is answering Rousseau in The Theory of Moral Sentiments. This hypothesis is based on a similar phraseology used both by Smith and by Rousseau in the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. In this note, a clear distinction will be made. In the aforementioned works, Rousseau and Smith refer to different periods of time, in spite of the similar phraseology used in relation to "the rude forests of nature". (shrink)

O trabalho apresenta diferentes interpretações sobre a “democracia decidadãos proprietários” (DCP), um regime que permite a propriedadeprivada dos meios de produção e se mostra superior, segundo Rawls, aocapitalismo de bem-estar. Discuto, primeiro, se a dispersão do capitalambicionada pela DCP deve ser tomada como algo distinto de dispersãoda riqueza. Trato, em segundo lugar, da questão de saber se o que importapara a caracterização da DCP é apenas o resultado – seja ele a dispersãodo capital ou da riqueza – ou também o (...) meio de obtê-lo, caso no qual a DCPpoderia ser entendida como regime predistributivo (em contraposição ao“welfare state”, um regime eminentemente redistributivo). Minha conclusão,em suma, é que, afora o que concerne ao “capital humano”, há razões parapreferir uma conceituação simples, que defina a DCP como regime que logradispersar a riqueza em considerável medida. A última seção responde, ainda,a algumas críticas à DCP como alternativa ao capitalismo de bem-estar. (shrink)

The new mechanistic philosophy seeks to identify and explain the mechanisms of various phenomena, including their overall organization and the interactions between the individualized components. This paper argues that among the phenomena that can be approached within the new mechanistic framework are near-death experiences, which can be included within the vast range of experiences that are grouped under the category of religious experience. Such experiences involve a complex set of cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes. Since studying such experiences is far (...) from methodologically simple, we try to show the feasibility of applying the mechanistic explanation to near-death experiences. While some scholars (such as Egil Asprem and Ann Taves) argue that mechanistic explanation can shed new light on the explanation of religion, we instead emphasize neglected limits of such an explanation, as well as its epistemic-methodological advantages in comparison with alternative explanatory models, especially the models proposed by Michael Marsh, Frederick S. Barrett and Roland R. Griffiths. (shrink)

IntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation is a consolidated procedure for the treatment of depression, with several meta-analyses demonstrating its efficacy. Theta-burst stimulation is a modification of TMS with similar efficacy and shorter session duration. The geriatric population has many comorbidities and a high prevalence of depression, but few clinical trials are conducted specifically for this age group. TBS could be an option in this population, offering the advantages of few side effects and no pharmacological interactions. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the (...) efficacy of TBS in geriatric depression.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/], identifier [NCT04842929]. (shrink)

The present work is developed within the frame of so-called critical neuroscience. The aim of this article is to explain the transition from a kind of neuroscience understood as a strict scientific discipline, possessing a methodology and a specific praxis, to a kind of neuroscience that has been transformed into a meta-narrative with totalizing claims. In particular, we identify and examine eleven catalysts for such a transition: 1) a lack of communication between scientists and journalists; 2) the abuse of information (...) by the sensational press; 3) the acceptance of specific philosophical approaches by a wide range of scientists; 4) the widespread transmission of two conceptual mistakes: a) an identification between methodological and ontological reductionism and b) the mereological fallacy; 5) the influence of post-Cartesian philosophical thinking in the scientific community; 6) an overwhelming scientific hyper-specialization; 7) the illegitimate transfer of authority from humanities to the sciences; 8) an inbuilt human preference for visual data; 9) economic interests; 10) scientific utopianism; and 11) the new self-help movements and their alliance with neuro-enhancement. Finally, our essay seeks to draw attention to the most damaging consequences for both science and human ways of living. (shrink)

RESUMEN El uso de las intuiciones como evidencia es ubicuo en la epistemología, pero no poco controvertido. Por más de una década y media, algunos epistemólogos experimentales han cuestionado esta apelación a las intuiciones epistémicas. Estos filósofos explotan los métodos de la psicología experimental, en particular métodos de encuestas, para poner a prueba cuán ampliamente compartidas son algunas intuiciones. Dado su compromiso con la relevancia de la investigación empírica a la construcción de teorías filosóficas, estos filósofos califican como naturalistas metodológicos. (...) Pero algunos naturalistas metodológicos que también recomiendan renunciar a esa apelación de la intuición como evidencia no basan su caso en encuestas. En este artículo considero dos desafíos fundamentales a la práctica estándar de apelar a las intuiciones que estos filósofos naturalistas plantean y argumento que un proyecto epistemológico inspirado en el trabajo de Edward Craig le permite, en principio, al epistemólogo que comparte ese naturalismo metodológico lidiar con ellos. De todas formas concluyo que, independientemente del éxito del enfoque Craiguiano, las intuiciones tienen un rol que jugar en el teorizar epistemológico en relación a la adjudicación entre enfoques.ABSTRACT The use of intuitions as evidence is widespread in epistemology, but not uncontroversial. For over a decade and a half, some experimental epistemologists have called into question this appeal to epistemic intuitions. These philosophers bring the methods of experimental psychology, in particular survey methods, to bear on epistemological theorizing. Given their commitment to the relevance of empirical work to philosophical theory construction, they qualify as methodological naturalists. But some methodological naturalists who also recommend giving up appeals to intuition as evidence do not base their case on experimental surveys. In this article I consider two main challenges to the standard practice of appealing to intuitions posed by these naturalist philosophers and argue that a Craig-style epistemological project can allow the methodological naturalist to address them. Anyway I conclude that, regardless of the truth of the Craigian approach, intuitions still have a role to play in epistemological theorizing in the adjudication between approaches. (shrink)

Considering the challenges posed by populism and religiously motivated political engagement to liberal democracies, the present study sets out to examine, specifically, the role played by Pentecostal actors in the conflictive rearrangement of the democratic game in Brazil and worldwide. The engagement of Pentecostals in Brazil’s 2018 general election represented a milestone in that regard and constitutes, thus, the main focus of the present investigation. Given the novelty and nature of both phenomena in question, viz. Pentecostal political engagement and the (...) crisis of democracy, the analysis is carried out, methodologically, from a descriptive, theoretical vantage point, rather than a normative one. To that purpose, the study builds on Manow’s recent work on the current crisis of democracy so as to shed new light on this issue and engages with scholarly studies of Pentecostal political engagement in Brazil and Nigeria alike, where similar developments may be observed, thereby placing this predicament in a global perspective. The role played by Pentecostals can best be described as ambivalent, as, on the one hand, they contributed largely to democratizing contemporary democracies and, on the other, they played a significant part in undermining the very foundations of liberal democracies. (shrink)

Considering the challenges posed by populism and religiously motivated political engagement to liberal democracies, the present study sets out to examine, specifically, the role played by Pentecostal actors in the conflictive rearrangement of the democratic game in Brazil and worldwide. The engagement of Pentecostals in Brazil’s 2018 general election represented a milestone in that regard and constitutes, thus, the main focus of the present investigation. Given the novelty and nature of both phenomena in question, viz. Pentecostal political engagement and the (...) crisis of democracy, the analysis is carried out, methodologically, from a descriptive, theoretical vantage point, rather than a normative one. To that purpose, the study builds on Manow’s recent work on the current crisis of democracy so as to shed new light on this issue and engages with scholarly studies of Pentecostal political engagement in Brazil and Nigeria alike, where similar developments may be observed, thereby placing this predicament in a global perspective. The role played by Pentecostals can best be described as ambivalent, as, on the one hand, they contributed largely to democratizing contemporary democracies and, on the other, they played a significant part in undermining the very foundations of liberal democracies. (shrink)

Vulnerabilidad educativa en el Gran Córdoba. 2001.

Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de imagens nos arquivos da ditadura brasileira, para a realização de um filme documentário histórico. As estratégias políticas de acesso aos documentos do período e os procedimentos estéticos desenvolvidos na montagem para a valorização desses acervos são, aqui, analisados, com o intuito de extrair dessa experiência empírica ensinamentos sobre a escrita da história no cinema.

O segundo cronista e guarda-mor da Torre do Tombo, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, notabilizou-se pela produção de crônicas acerca da conquista e manutenção da praça de Ceuta no século XV. Com a finalidade de explorar as impressões desse cronista, o presente trabalho abordará como Zurara fez um uso edificante de duas de suas fontes: o discurso do conde D. Pedro de Meneses e um reportatio do sermão do fr. João Xira. Mais precisamente, o alvo deste estudo é examinar em que (...) medida Zurara reproduziu as palavras dessas célebres figuras na expectativa de legitimar a incursão militar da Coroa no norte da África. Com ênfase na descrição do referido oficial da Torre do Tombo, o alvo consistirá em analisar a função da prédica de um religioso e de um cavaleiro para a exortação dos portugueses enviados a essa região em um período de fortalecimento das bases políticas e religiosas de Portugal. (shrink)

Guillermo Lariguet, La urdimbre de la razón. Ensayos de filosofía teórica y práctica contemporáneos, Mar del Plata, Kazak Ediciones, 2017, 258 pp., ISBN 978-2673-5-2.

The emergence of COVID-19 places the economy at risk of recession or worst, depression. A sharp decline in the country’s economic growth is primarily caused by the weak consumption of locals and non-existence of foreign tourists in the country. On the other hand, disruptions of the supply chain in the manufacturing and retails sectors make the situation much worse. With clear uncertainties in mind, government agencies must lay down economic policies, monetary and fiscal, that would boost the confidence of the (...) consumers and producers. Lastly, a clear and coordinated efforts of the national and local government together with economic agencies of the country must be present at this time of the pandemic. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender como o Estado se apropriou de dispositivos legais para legitimar as suas ações punitivas e jurídicas contra a oposição política, em especial, os militantes do Partido Comunista Brasileiro no Paraná em 1975, quando foram presos e indiciados pelo Inquérito Policial-Militar 745, que apurou o envolvimento dos comunistas na suposta reorganização do partido no Estado. Além do IPM, também utilizamos como fonte de pesquisa o Relatório Especial de Informações 1/75 que destacou a importância dos trabalhos (...) da polícia política efetuados no Estado, a fim de conter o avanço do comunismo. (shrink)

In a future highly technological society it will be possible to modify the personality using different kinds of technological tools. Consequently, we could become buyers and consumers of personality. As such, personality, which is a core aspect of the self, could turn into a commodity. This article intends to address the following questions: 1) How can new technologies modify personality? 2) Why might personality become a commodity? 3) What is wrong with turning personality into commodity?

Aquí profundizamos la tesis de que un modelo de simulación permite crear conocimiento en forma de explicaciones causales sostenida por Paul Weirich. Sostenemos la validez de exportar resultados del modelo al mundo modelizado en virtud de la similaridad entre modelo y mundo, analizable en términos de identidad parcial de estructura para eliminar la similaridad superficial que repita los resultados empíricos al ajustar datos por calibración. La estructura de relaciones rescatadas del mundo resulta crítica al estudiar la mencionada similaridad, como así (...) también ciertas propiedades que condicionan el tipo de relaciones entre los elementos del modelo que representan entidades del mundo. (shrink)

The bioethical principle of autonomy is of paramount importance within medical practice. The extent to which a patient’s autonomy overlaps or conflicts with the physician’s duty of beneficence and non-maleficence, however, is not so clear cut, especially for those cases in which the patient’s request for medical intervention goes against the physician’s advice, either because of personal belief or because there is uncertainty regarding the therapeutic approach. Body integrity dysphoria (BID) is a condition that has been included recently in the (...) International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11). It may lead an affected individual to develop an intense desire to remove a specific body part in order to restore congruity between their body and their mind. Thus, its occurrence creates challenging moral and ethical dilemmas for the medical world (Loriga, 2023). The aim of this study was to investigate how Czech physicians understood, assessed and supported patient autonomy regarding requests for invasive body modifications. The objective was to produce a blueprint regarding how much a patient could influence the medical treatment they could gain within the Czech medical system and to develop a comparison with the ethical challenges of BID. A five-section survey was designed and submitted to Czech physicians on topics relevant to the BID debate. On the surface, the results showed an apparent predisposition toward collaboration between doctors and patients. However, further investigation showed that this supposed collaboration crumbled as the physiological risk-reward ratio moved further toward risk, which caused physicians progressively to rely less on the patient’s opinion and psychological needs. Moreover, a strongly authoritarian approach was evident, which became overwhelming in cases of amputation requests and removed, a priori, any collaboration. The results indicate that the Czech medical system does not accept or comprehend fully patients’ psychological needs, and therefore the BID phenomenon is a long way from being understood, which requires a fundamental paradigm shift. (shrink)

Rawls propõe uma “divisão do trabalho” entre as instituições que compõem a estrutura básica da sociedade e as regras diretamente aplicáveis a indivíduos e associações. O artigo expõe e refuta o argumento de que é compatível com a concepção rawlsiana de justiça defender um ideal de justiça não distributivo para o direito privado. Alega-se, em suma, que o direito privado é necessário para manter o que Rawls chama de “justiça de fundo”, bem como que esse papel pode ser desempenhado sem (...) abrir mão de uma relativa simplicidade normativa. (shrink)

Este texto aborda la última parte de la producción teórica de León Rozitchner, en donde se tematiza el mito estructurante de nuestra cultura: el cristianismo. Mediante una interpretación freudiana de las Confesiones de San Agustín, Rozitchner retoma con originalidad la idea marxista que considera a la crítica de la religión como el presupuesto de toda crítica. Se ponen de relieve los núcleos religiosos encubiertos en la secularización moderna que el capitalismo obstaculiza y se arriba a una idea de cuerpo que (...) permite revisar críticamente antiguas dicotomías transidas de religión, para abrir espacio a nuevos modos de contar la Historia. Desde la perspectiva del materialismo histórico, se intenta aquí dar cuenta del pasaje de la crítica de la ideología a la crítica de la mitología. Esta última propicia la reflexión sobre los fundamentos simbólicos que podrían dar lugar a procesos emancipatorios. Finalmente, se muestra que la voluntad de construir una teoría del sujeto y una crítica cultural es, en la obra de Rozitchner, el correlato de una permanente reflexión sobre la propia identidad. This text focuses on the last part of the theoretical production of León Rozitchner, in which he assesses the structuring myth of our culture: Christianism. By means of a Freudian interpretation of Saint Augustin’s “Confessions”, Rozitchner retakes in an original way the Marxist idea of criticism of religion as the presumption of every criticism. The religious core hidden by modern secularization, hindered by capitalism, is revealed, and the notion of a corpus emerges, which allows critical revision of ancient dichotomies beset by religion, in order to open paths towards new ways of telling History. From the perspective of historical materialism, we try to put forward the passage from criticism of ideology to criticism of mythology. The latter promotes a reflection on the symbolic foundations that may give way to emancipatory processes. Finally, we show that in Rozitchner´s work, the will to construct a theory of the subject and the criticism of culture is the result of a perennial reflection on identity in itself. (shrink)

Book reviews: HARRIS, Elizabeth J.; HEDGES, Paul; HETTIARACHCHI, Shanthikumar. Twenty-First Century Theologies of Religions : Retrospection and Future Prospects. Leiden: Brill; Boston: Rodopi, 2016. 396 p.. ISBN 978-90-04-3224-62.

Se aborda el problema fundamental de la pragmática trascendental del lenguaje, así como también la cuestión de la ética del discurso desarrollada por K.-O. Apel y J. Habermas; asunto referido a la obligatoriedad de las reglas del discurso. La atención se centra en la objeción de Habermas, que restringe el alcance de la obligatoriedad de esas reglas. Se analiza la objeción, así como la solución que este autor propone, y se ofrece un sentido para su respuesta. The article addresses the (...) fundamental problem of the transcendental pragmatics of language, as well as the issue of the ethics of discourse developed by K.-O. Apel and J. Habermas, a matter referred to the obligatoriness of the rules of discourse. Attention is focused on the objection posed by Habermas, which restricts the scope of the obligatory nature of those rules. After analyzing the objection and the solution proposed by Habermas, we offer an interpretation of his response. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo trazer para o pensar as implicações das novas tecnologias na mutação social e no cotidiano escolar. Para tanto, busca na mitologia, especificamente nos mitos de Prometeu e Apolo � como representação da modernidade em Fausto e Dionísio � como representação da pós-modernidade e no mito de Pandora representando o cotidiano da escola, desvelar a tensão existente no cotidiano escolar, diante da mutação contemporânea oriunda das novas tecnologias. Conclui que a condição atual renova desafios para o (...) pensamento e a sociedade e que é, no cotidiano escolar, que, ao se criar o discurso tecnológico, se renovam os temores e os discursos da sociedade, empenhada em recuperar a estabilidade e a confiabilidade de um cenário anterior. Sinaliza ainda que fruto pósda tensão modernidade/pós-modernidade está em curso a emergência de um novo sujeito, de um novo lugar, de novas demandas. (shrink)

We prove that Martin’s Axiom implies the existence of a Cohen-indestructible mad family such that the Mathias forcing associated to its filter adds dominating reals, while \ is consistent with the negation of this statement as witnessed by the Laver model for the consistency of Borel’s conjecture.

This paper presents the foundation upon which the contemporary knowledge of body integrity dysphoria (BID) is built. According to the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11), the main feature of BID is an intense and persistent desire to become physically disabled in a significant way. Three putative aetiologies that are considered to explain the insurgence of the condition are discussed: neurological, psychological and postmodern theories. The concept of bodily representation within the medical context is highlighted, with (...) the concept of dysphoria, which was brought to the fore with the introduction of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and the ICD-11. Contemporary issues of “justice” are addressed to identify ethically relevant distinctions between BID and sex reassignment surgery. It is argued that there is no ethically relevant difference between the BID actor’s desire for invasive surgical intervention and the wish of gender dysphoric individuals to undergo sex reassignment surgery procedures. Some BID actors self-mutilate, and this presents medical professionals with difficult choices regarding whether or not to intervene in order to satisfy the BID patient’s desire. Both abstention and intervention may lead to severe ethical complications for doctors and patients despite the positive outcomes in terms of quality of life for BID individuals who manage to undergo such procedures. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por finalidade apresentar alguns aspectos relacionados à questão do corpo na filosofia de Michel Foucault. Para isso, a nossa investigação se dará em dois momentos: no primeiro momento analisaremos a relação do corpo com a medicina para percebermos como a visão deste saber sobre o corpo se modificou a partir do século XVII, veremos que há uma relação entre o olhar médico e o corpo em si. O segundo momento será dedicado a uma explicitação acerca da relação (...) entre poder e corpo; será possível notar que as práticas subjetivas são determinadas a partir de dispositivos culturais próprios de uma realidade cultural. No esteio disso, o poder disciplinar, que tem o seu ideal no panóptico, foi elemento preponderante para o projeto de domesticação dos corpos. Enfim, não é possível afirmar uma teoria sobre o corpo, no pensamento do filósofo francês, pois a sua investigação traz à tona a complexidade das estruturas culturais que determinam as diversas percepções a respeito desse corpo. (shrink)

As considerações que faremos neste artigo vai analisar como o metabolismo se torna um mecanismo que representa o primeiro gesto de liberdade da vida na filosofia de Hans Jonas. A centralidade da discussão está no fato de que a vida é um processo de manutenção de si onde a liberdade está presente desde as estruturas mais simples do organismo às mais desenvolvidas. O nosso objetivo é o de mostrar, a partir de uma análise das ideias de liberdade e necessidade, como (...) a vida se abre para uma transcendência ou, tecnicamente falando, para uma nova ontologia. (shrink)

We tackle the philosophical implications of post-2020 music practices. To situate our discussion, we address pending issues in current definitions of music-making. Our analysis indicates that post-2020 definitions of music should feature sonic information and events, framed through social interactions and through the material grounding of the musical activity. Ubiquitous music furnishes a promising playing field for the emerging aspects of creative music-thinking. New frameworks that encompass the dynamic, multimodal and situated characteristics of music while skewing an anthropocentric perspective on (...) creativity may provide meaningful targets for ubimus research toward a new notion of musicality. Three artistic projects serve to exemplify key aspects of this proposal: Atravessamentos, Memory Tree and Lyapunov Time. We address the philosophical implications of these artistic endeavors toward the construction of ubimus philosophical frameworks. (shrink)