Originally published in 1936, this book presents the ancient Greek text of the paraphrases and quotations of Zeno's philosophical arguments, together with a facing-page English translation and editorial commentary. Detailed notes are incorporated throughout and a bibliography is also included. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Zeno and ancient philosophy.

The subject of the present inquiry is the approach-to-the-truth research, which started with the publication of Sir Karl Popper's Conjectures and Refutations. In the decade before this publication, Popper fiercely attacked the ideas of Rudolf Carnap about confirmation and induction; and ten years later, in the famous tenth chapter of Conjectures he introduced his own ideas about scientific progress and verisimilitude. Abhorring inductivism for its apprecia tion of logical weakness rather than strength, Popper tried to show that fallibilism could serve (...) the purpose of approach to the truth. To substantiate this idea he formalized the common sense intuition about preferences, that is: B is to be preferred to A if B has more advantages andfewer drawbacks than A. In 1974, however, David Millerand Pavel Tichy proved that Popper's formal explication could not be used to compare false theories. Subsequently, many researchers proposed alternatives or tried to improve Popper's original definition. (shrink)

This paper investigates retracted articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) Brazil, using bibliometric techniques to identify the characteristics of these retractions and relevant citation trends. All records of retracted articles from the first record in October 2004 to April 2022 were included. Sixty-seven retractions and 870 citations pre- and post-retraction were analyzed. Results indicate a change of scenario that began in 2015, with recurrences of retracted articles allegedly produced by paper mills. The prevalence of retractions derived from (...) professional misconduct in health research and the frequency of post-retraction citations in health sciences raise concerns in the chain of stakeholders, public health, and scientific development. (shrink)

Classification of functions of money is given in article, the main functions and derivative of them are allocated. The author allocates the following major functions of money: stimulating and goal-implementing. It is shown that the main functions of money are: stimulating, goal-implementing, regulatory, informational. In article the dialectics of goal-implementing and stimulating functions of money is considered. The conclusion that it is inexpedient to reduce functions of money only to especially economic aspects is drawn. The author considers that than more (...) functions carry out money, that more they are the tool providing social and economic functioning and development of the state, as well as the people living in this state. (shrink)

A classical and quantum relativistic interacting particle formalism is revisited. A Hilbert space is achieved through the use of variable individual particle rest masses, but no c-number mass parameter is required for the relativistic free particle. Boosted center of momentum states feature in both the free and interacting model. The implications of a failure to impose simultaneity conditions at the classical level are explored. The implementation of these conditions at the quantum level leads to a finite uncertainty in interaction times, (...) perhaps more closely modeling the exchange of virtual particles in quantum field theory. This work is compared and contrasted with other variable mass models in the literature. (shrink)

A quantum physical projector is proposed for generally covariant theories which are derivable from a Lagrangian. The projector is the quantum analogue of the integral over the generators of finite one-parameter subgroups of the gauge symmetry transformations which are connected to the identity. Gauge variables are retained in this formalism, thus permitting the construction of spacetime area and volume operators in a tentative spacetime loop formulation of quantum general relativity.