The contemporary versions of the ontological argument that originated from Charles Hartshorne are formalized proofs based on unique modal theories. The simplest well-known theory of this kind arises from the b system of modal logic by adding two extra-logical axioms: “If the perfect being exists, then it necessarily exists‘ and “It is possible that the perfect being exists‘. In the paper a similar argument is presented, however none of the systems of modal logic is relevant to it. Its only premises (...) are the axiom and, instead of, the new axiom : “If the perfect being doesn’t exist, it necessarily doesn’t‘. The main goal of the work is to prove that is no more controversial than and -- in consequence -- the whole strength of the modal ontological argument lies in the set of its extra-logical premises. In order to do that, three arguments are formulated: ontological, “cosmological‘ and metalogical. (shrink)

Nietzsche est mort et c'est à nous à le faire vivre. Cet usage du texte n'est pas un retour à ce que Deleuze professait superbement : pour ce dernier, faire un enfant dans le dos (de Kant, de Bergson, voire de Nietzsche, même si Deleuze affirmait qu'avec ce dernier c'était l'inverse), c'était à la fois utiliser l'auteur pour lui faire dire ce qu'il n'avait explicitement pas dit, mais qui pouvait présenter un intérêt spéculatif, et, en même temps, dissimuler cet écart. (...) De fait, Deleuze disait "nous" ou "on", amalgamant ainsi sous le même pronom le commenté et le commentateur. Danilo Bilate, au contraire, revendique l'écart et le souligne tout au long de sa démonstration, rappelant ainsi sans cesse au lecteur que, s'il veut faire un enfant à Nietzsche, et si l'on nous permet de filer scabreusement la métaphore, c'est par-devant! Du même coup, là où Deleuze méprisait ouvertement toute philologie (jusqu'à ne pas même préciser les traductions utilisées), Danilo Bilate accorde à la terminologie nietzschéenne la plus grande attention. On interroge les textes pour ce qu'ils disent – car ils disent tout de même quelque chose par eux-mêmes si on veut bien les écouter. L'enfant qu'il s'agit de faire à Nietzsche en les écoutant est une éthique. Bertrand Binoche. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to argue that very often one is not able to distinguish between deterministic processes governed by some dynamical systems and stochastic processes.

Remarks on the handbook Logic and Argumentation by Andrzej KisielewiczThe paper contains some critical comments on Andrzej Kisielewicz’s handbook of critical thinking Logika i argumentacja. Praktyczny kurs krytycznego myślenia, Warszawa 2017. The comments generally refer to two main topics of the handbook: a the definite rejection of formal logic as a tool of critical thinking, and b the support for the so-called analysis of reasonable possibilities as an essential method of critical thinking. The paper shows that these topics are not (...) suf ficiently clearand the support is not convincing enough. (shrink)

Napoleon Bonaparte is a veritable “case” for Nietzsche: he does not reduce Napoleon to a single image, but he rather builds up an ambiguous image of Napoleon for years without trying to define a final result. This ongoing construction is due to Nietzsche’s deep admiration for Napoleon that, however great it may be, does not avoid a certain distancing. Defined as the synthesis of Unmensch and Übermensch, Nietzsche regards Napoleon as an extraordinary human being because of his immorality when he (...) exercised power. It is precisely this extraordinary nature that makes Napoleon a model for understanding the concept of the Übermensch. (shrink)

O objetivo deste texto é o de apresentar as questões filosóficas que giram em torno da acusação schopenhaueriana corriqueira de charlatanismo contra seus adversários. O estudo dessas questões-satélites mostra que o charlatanismo pode ser compreendido como um problema filosófico e não mero xingamento vazio de relevância teórica, como se entende comumente. Elas podem ser resumidas como questões estéticas ou retóricas, porque problematizam o estilo do texto filosófico, o seu uso e sua função comunicativa. Próximo do pedante e do sofista, o (...) charlatão é aquele que abusa da obscuridade por conta de seu afastamento da concretude por uma opção pela escrita abstrata. (shrink)

The paper analyses three versions of skepticism: the attitude of a general withholding of belief; the attitude of general doubt and the view that all beliefs are unjustified. It is shown on the basis of epistemic logic that only the first of these versions can be deemed not to be self-contradictory.

This paper presents the main assumptions of Andrzej Grzegorczyk’s last research project concerning the logic of synonymity. It shows that the basis of logic of analytic equivalence, presented in the first part of the work, fully corresponds with these assumptions.

The identity connective is usually interpreted in non-Fregean logic as an operator representing the identity of situations. This interpretation is related to the modal criterion of the identity of sentence correlates, characteristic of the WT system and some stronger systems. However, this connective can also be interpreted in a different way – as an operator representing the identity of propositions. The “propositional” interpretation is in turn associated with the modal-contents criterion of the identity of sentence correlates. This begs the question (...) of whether there is a system of non-Fregean logic, providing an adequate formalization of this criterion. The aim of the paper is to systematize the metalogical and philosophical context of the issue and to point to a system that provides its solution. (shrink)

W artykule pojęcie teorii ontologicznej zostało zdefiniowane zgodnie z ogólnymi zasadami wywodzącymi się z metaontologii Arystotelesa. Sformułowano problem struktury ontologii: Jakie są główne metodologiczne typy zaksjomatyzowanych teorii ontologicznych i jakie podstawowe relacje zachodzą między nimi? Zauważono, że zarówno w tradycyjnej, jak i we współczesnej filozofii bytu da się wyróżnić trzy odmienne idee formalnej ontologii: logicznej, eksplikacyjnej i empirycznej. Cel pracyjest dwojaki: 1) wskazaniejednolitej koncepcji formalnej ontologii uwzględniającej owe idee i dostarczającej rozwiązania problemu struktury ontologii oraz 2) zastosowanie wskazanej koncepcji w (...) konstrukcji podstawowych przykładów teorii bytu i czasu. Artykuł składa się z następujących sekcji: Wprowadzenie. 1.1. Trzy koncepcje ontologii formalnej. 1.2. O ontologii logicznej. 1.3. O eksplikacyjnej ontologii formalnej. 2.1. Monadyczna teoria identyczności i należenia. 2.2. Eksplikacyjna teoria czasu wypełnionego. 2.3. W stronę empirycznej ontologii świata realnego. Zakończenie. (shrink)

Niniejsze wydanie Studiów Semiotycznych jest pierwszym owocem procesu przekształcania czasopisma w zespołowo redagowany periodyk, ukazujący się jednocześnie drukiem i w Internecie. Podobnie jak wiele wcześniejszych tomów Studiów obecny numer zawiera artykuły badawcze z zakresu analitycznej filozofii języka oraz zastosowań metod semantycznych w filozofii. Numer zawiera także sprawozdanie z konferencji oraz – zgodnie z piękną tradycją Studiów sięgającą lat siedemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku – wspomnienia o filozofach.

Niniejszy numer „Studiów Semiotycznych” jest w całości poświęcony filozoficznej problematyce podstaw matematyki. Podjęte tematy dotyczą w szczególności kwestii natury przedmiotowego odniesienia terminów matematycznych, prawdy matematycznej i rozstrzygalności problemów matematycznych. Punktem odniesienia zdecydowanej większości rozpraw i esejów są znane twierdzenia limitacyjne Kurta Gödla.

This paper deals with some metaphilosophical aspects of the modal ontological argument originating from Charles Hartshorne. One of the specific premises of the argument expresses the idea that the existence of God is not contingent. Several well-known versions of the argument have been formulated that appeal to different ways of clarifying the latter. A question arises: which of the formally correct and relevant versions is proper or basic? The paper points to some criteria of formal correctness, and distinguishes two types (...) of relevance for these versions: strong and weak. Its aim is to furnish a strictly worked out answer to the question, taking into account each of these types. As a result, a very simple, formally correct and relevant version of the modal ontological argument is formulated. The results obtained are also used to criticize a popular belief about the relations in which the main versions of the modal ontological argument stand to one another. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo busca investigar possíveis significações da palavra “imagem”, que se depreendam dos textos de Deleuze sobre as artes, através de uma pesquisa filológica que respeita a cronologia de suas obras. Essa noção de imagem, fundamental para a Estética, aparece em seus comentários sobre Proust, o cinema, Bacon e Beckett, principalmente, seja com o uso do termo “imagem”, seja com os termos “signo” e “ideia”, àquele correlatos. Assim, verifica-se um vácuo na década de 70, de modo que, se a (...) noção de signo é estudada na década anterior, ao tratar de Proust, e a de ideia, em Diferença e repetição, o tema “imagem” é retomado nas duas décadas subsequentes com toda a intensidade, ao abordar a pintura de Bacon, o universo cinematográfico e a obra teatral e televisiva de Beckett.: The present article seeks to investigate possible meanings of the word “image” that can be deduced from Deleuze’s writings on the arts, respecting the chronology of his works. The notion of image, which is fundamental to aesthetics, appears in Deleuze’s comments on Proust, the cinema, Bacon, and Beckett, whether with the use of the term “image” or with the correlated terms “sign” and “idea”. Thus, there is found in Deleuze’s writings a vacuum in the 1970’s: the notion of sign is studied in the previous decade when dealing with Proust and the notion of idea in Difference and repetition, and the theme of image is intensely taken up again in the following two decades in dealing with Bacon’s painting, the cinematographic universe, and Beckett’s theater and television work. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Analisaremos o sentido implícito no projeto nietzschiano do livro que teria como título “O novo Aufklärung ”, esboçado nos póstumos e nunca publicado, como sintoma da importante e enigmática relação de seu pensamento com os conceitos de “razão” e de “verdade”. Nesse intento, será questionada a tentativa de divisão cronológica da obra de Nietzsche, na medida em que se mostrará que a (...) honestidade é a marca central de seu pensamento desde os elogios abertos ao Aufklärung feitos na década de 1870 até a crítica e a completa omissão do nome do movimento cultural das Luzes nos escritos da década de 1880, que acompanham a reconceitualização da “razão” e da “verdade” realizada pela perspectiva axiológica da genealogia presente no pensamento de Nietzsche apenas no final de sua vida produtiva. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é o de explorar o uso do termo “charlatanismo” e de suas variações durante a filosofia moderna. Através desse estudo histórico, delimitar-se-á um campo semântico que desvela questões estéticas ou retóricas que dizem respeito à construção do texto acadêmico. É ao problema do estilo, portanto, que se dá atenção, tomando-se o cuidado de sinalizar como suas versões pedantes podem prejudicar o projeto humanista de compartilhamento de conhecimento.

The paper is a review of the book Przewodnik po metafizyce (ed. S. Ko³odziej­czyk, WAM, Kraków 2011). The book consists of fourteen essays concerning key issues of metaphysics, mostly written by leading Polish experts. The review contains a number of critical and polemic comments on some of the essays.

The contemporary versions of the ontological argument originated from Charles Hartshorne are formalized proofs (in the metalogical sense of the word) based on unique modal theories. The simplest well-known theory of this kind arises from the system B of modal logic by adding two extra-logical axioms: (AA) “If the perfect being exists, then it necessarily exists” (Anselm’s Axiom) and (AL) “It is possible that the perfect being exists” (Leibniz’s Axiom). In the paper a similar argument is presented, however none of (...) the systems of modal logic is relevant to it. Its only premises are the axiom (AA) and, instead of (AL), the new axiom (AN): “If the perfect being doesn’t exist, it necessarily doesn’t”. The main goal of the work is to prove that (AN) is no more controversial than (AA) and — in consequence — the whole strength of the modal ontological argument lays in the set of its extra-logical premises. In order to do that, three arguments are formulated: ontological, “cosmo­logical” and metalogical. (shrink)

Problematyka rozpraw, które udostępniamy Państwu w niniejszym numerze „Studiów Semiotycznych”, dotyczy takich zagadnień, jak argumentacja, potoczne rozumowania i publiczne debaty. Mieszczą się one w obrębie czterech dyscyplin bezpośrednio związanych z profilem „Studiów”: filozofii, językoznawstwa, psychologii oraz nauk o komunikacji społecznej i mediach. Interdyscyplinarny charakter prezentowanych badań jest zgodny z tradycją Czasopisma ukształtowaną przez Jerzego Pelca w latach 1970–2015 i kontynuowaną w ostatnich latach.

This essay provides a close study of the international horizons of Kallol, a Bengali literary journal, published in post-World War I Calcutta. It uncovers a historical pattern of Bengali intellectual life that marked the period from the 1870s to the 1920s, whereby an imperial imagination was transformed into an international one, as a generation of intellectuals born between 1885 and 1905 reinvented the political category of . Hermeneutics, as a philosophically informed study of how meaning is created through conversation, and (...) grounded in this essay in the thought of Hans Georg Gadamer, helps to reveal this pattern. While translocal vistas of intellectual life were always present in Bengali thought, the contours of those horizons changed drastically in the period under study. Bengali intellectual life, framed within a center (the foreign) and tik (international), as opposed to bilāt (England, or the West), to name the world abroad. The world outside empire increasingly became a resource and theme for artists and writers. Major changes in global geopolitical alignments and in the colonial politics of British India, and the relations between generations within Bengali bhadralok society, provide contexts for the rise of this international youth imagination. (shrink)

We study increasing F-sequences, where F is a dilator: an increasing F-sequence is a sequence (indexed by ordinal numbers) of ordinal numbers, starting with 0 and terminating at the first step x where F(x) is reached (at every step x + 1 we use the same process as in decreasing F-sequences, cf. [2], but with "+ 1" instead of "- 1"). By induction on dilators, we shall prove that every increasing F-sequence terminates and moreover we can determine for every dilator (...) F the point where the increasing F-sequence terminates. We apply these results to inverse Goodstein sequences, i.e. increasing (1 + Id) (ω) -sequences. We show that the theorem every inverse Goodstein sequence terminates (a combinatorial theorem about ordinal numbers) is not provable in ID 1 . For a general presentation of the results stated in this paper, see [1]. We use notions and results concerning the category ON (ordinal numbers), dilators and bilators, summarized in [2, pp. 25-31]. (shrink)

Voltaire historien de la philosophie. De l'Antiquité au Grand Siècle Renan Laruc, Porphyre de Tyr, héros voltairien; Marc-André Nadeau, Défense et critique de Montaigne dans les Lettres philosophiques; Véronique Le Ru, Voltaire, lecteur de Descartes; Gerhardt Stenger, Un philosophe peut en cacher un autre: Malebranche et Spinoza dans Tout en Dieu; Lorenzo Bianchi, Voltaire lecteur et critique de Bayle; Miguel Benitez, Locke, Voltaire et la matière pensante; Claire Fauvergue, Voltaire et l'idée d'automate. Voltaire et la philosophie des Lumières Debora Sicco, (...) Voltaire champion de Chastellux contre Montesquieu ; Marie Leca-Tsiomis, Voltaire, philosophe selon Diderot; Sévérine Denieul, Casanova lecteur et critique de Voltaire; Main Sandrier, Lectures athées de Voltaire: la duplicité du philosophe; Rodrigo Brandào, Job, Voltaire et Kant ou deux perspectives sur la souffrance et le mal; Linda Gil, Condorcet éditeur de Voltaire: une lecture dialogique dans les OEuvres complètes. Voltaire philosophe: histoire, morale et politique Jean Goldzink, Déisme et récits voltairiens ; Maria das Graças de Souza, Voltaire philosophe de l'histoire: autour de l'Essai sur les moeurs; Vladimir de Oliva Mota, Les fondements transcendants de la morale chez Voltaire; Maria Laura Lanzillo, La philosophie politique de Voltaire. De sa théorie de l'État à sa conception de la tolérance; Baldine Saint Girons, Voltaire et l'autocritique de la philosophie. La postérité philosophique de Voltaire Alain Sager, Voltaire à la lumière du concept d'ironie chez Kierkegaard; Guillaume Métayer, Voltaire philosophe, via Nietzsche? La préhistoire de l'épistémè; Danilo Bilate, Les "nouvelles Lumières" et l'attitude voltairienne chez Nietzsche; Abderhaman Messaoudi, Voltaire philosophe. Les enjeux d'une réévaluation."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Presented paper is my reply to Prof. Andrzej Biłat’s review of the book Przewodnik po metafizyce (A Companion to Metaphysics) edited by myself and published by WAM Press. It contains answers to both general and particular remarks and comments risen by Prof. Biłat.