Empirical research on Rational Choice Theory has brought up two focus of the economics laws problem. On one hand, we find the authors who state that the neoclassical economics laws are explanatory and predictive on specific cases: in transparent contexts in which the standard rationality operates successfully. On the other hand, we find the authors who state that the descriptive theories of the rational choice opens up a research path in which fundamental principles of the neoclassical building could be questioned. (...) Both view points have generated an important standard Rational Choice Theory revision what has produced the so called descriptive view point . It implies understanding that most of the choices take place under risky or uncertainty conditions and, that, these choices are far more complex than the normative Rational Choice Theory supposes. This article's main goal is to expand the descriptive point of view in rational choice, theorizing how some factors, coming from the social and cultural environment, operate within the rational choice. Into space of this research essay we find the debatable question of whether these sort of proposals expands the explanation of the deviation of the rational choice normative theory, and that, of the disturbing causes of the microeconomics laws, or they call into question fundamental principles of these laws and therefore they are opening the possibility to focus some economics issues in a new different manner. (shrink)

A través del análisis de un fragmento escrito probablemente en torno a 1818, intento mostrar en este artículo cómo el descubrimiento del origen de la prosa significó un hito relevante en el pensamiento de Samuel Taylor Coleridge acerca de la distinción entre verso y prosa. Esta marca se fundó en sus estudios de los presocráticos y coincidió con su teoría estética enraizada en el pensamiento de Plotino. Intento poner en evidencia, entonces, cómo una discusión estilística adquirió un alcance filosófico e (...) incluso teológico. (shrink)

_Resumen_ _ _ El presente trabajo tiene por objeto reflexionar sobre el carácter filosófico del pensar andino abyayalense, explicitar las características de una racionalidad senti-pensante y relacional que superan las metafísicas subjetivas y, finalmente, ayudar a construir una epistemología decolonial latinoamericana. El logro de estos objetivos se hará en diálogo con la propuesta de la ontología existencial del filósofo alemán Martín Heidegger. _Palabras Clave: _Pensar, Relacionalidad, Epistemología, Filosofía, Andes. _ _ __ _ _ This paper aims to reflect on the (...) philosophical thinking character of the abyayalense Andean tradition, explain the characteristics of a relational sentient-intelligent rationality, and, finally, help build a Latin American decolonial epistemology. The achievements of these goals will be done in dialogue with existential ontology carried out by the German philosopher Martín Heidegger. _Keywords: _Think, Relatedness, Epistemology, Philosophy, Andean. (shrink)

El presente texto reflexiona sobre la noción de utopía expuesta en la filosofía de la liberación de Franz Hinkelammert. Se exponen las condiciones de posibilidad de la misma y se entiende como totalidad ausente, lo que no hace que no se pueda cumplir, pues es entonces cuando se podrían generar toda suerte de violencias y totalitarismos. En ese sentido, la noción de utopía se convierte en eje fundamental para la transformación de la sociedad. En contraposición a esta aproximación, se describe (...) la manera como la modernidad y la posmodernidad Occidentales han generado un antiutopismo que encubre la posibilidad de otros mundos posibles, lo que no es otra cosa sino la imposición de una única utopía a la luz de la cual todas las otras alternativas utópicas son irracionales e ilusorias. (shrink)

Die Notwendigkeit, die Theorie des Aristoteles in Einklang mit der Evidenz der Erde über dem Meeresspiegel – der ‘terra firma’ – zu bringen, hat eine entscheidende konzeptuelle Veränderung verursacht, in deren Folge auf paradoxe Weise anti-aristotelische Argumente in die aristotelische Tradition integriert wurden. Der deutsche Jesuitenpater Christophorus Clavius spielte eine relevante Rolle bei diesem Prozess. Er führte die Idee des aus Erde und Wasser bestehenden Globus in die scholastische Kosmologie ein, indem er das logische System der Physik des Aristoteles abwandelte. (...) Dieser Artikel analysiert die Theorie des Clavius sowie die angewandte Vorgehensweise, die er benutzte, um sein Vorhaben zu realisieren. Clavius verwendet kombinatorische Ansätze, um die Beziehungen der vier Elemente – Erde, Wasser, Luft und Feuer – zueinander zu untersuchen. Er sieht ihre Verbindung aus einer physischen Perspektive und schlägt schließlich eine mögliche Struktur der sublunaren Welt vor.The need to reconcile Aristotle's theory of elementary spheres with the evidence of earth above sea level – the so-called ‘terra firma’ – induced an important conceptual shift. As a consequence anti-Aristotelian arguments were brought to the fore in order to be incorporated into the very same Aristotelian tradition. The German Jesuit Christophorus Clavius played a momentous role in this process. He introduced the idea of the terraqueous globe into the Scholastic cosmology, modifying the logical frame of Aristotelian physics. The present work analyses Clavius' theory as well as the procedures he considers to reach his purpose. He used a combinatorial approach to study the relations occurring between the four elements – earth, water, air and fire – and analysed their relations from a physical perspective, proposing a possible structure of the sublunary world. (shrink)

The question thus formulated is inscribed in the purest philosophical tradition: it actualizes the scope of wonder, that Greek sentiment that awakens not before the extraordinary, but precisely before the most ordinary and obvious, before the fact of being there; wonder that is particular to the first thinkers of the dawn of the West and from which philosophy and science are born.

The aim of the research was to know the perception of high-level volleyball players of the changes produced in the efficiency of the training process, after a match analysis intervention program based on the Constraint-led Approach. The sample consisted of 11 players from a women's volleyball team. The protocol of the intervention program consisted of providing objective, contextualised and systematic information to the coach that would allow understanding the different real game contexts. We used semi-structured interviews to assess players' perceptions. (...) The athletes perceived changes in training, both in their preparation and development, specifically in greater involvement and organisation in preparing the training; in an increase in the specificity and suitability of training tasks according to individual needs; in the representativeness of the restrictions of the game; in a more tactical approach; in the variability of task and in the accountability to achieve the objective proposed. In addition, in the preparation and development for competition, the players detected more game planning; a deeper analysis of the opponents; an objective selection of the most relevant data, an increase in the depth of match analysis and the inclusion of the weekly meeting with the use of video compared to the previous season. These results expose the benefits of coaches incorporate programmes to obtain objective information about the game in their training process. (shrink)

La dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) produjo serias dificultades para el trabajo filosófico en Chile. Sin embargo, la suspensión o ausencia de lo político causada por la dictadura, cuyas secuelas persisten hasta la actualidad, motivó en un grupo de filósofos chilenos una especial preocupación por lo político. De este modo, en sus reflexiones es observable una asunción consciente y explícita de su lugar de enunciación, lo que les confiere un marcado carácter testimonial y un talante crítico.

The closure of schools as a result of COVID-19 has been a critical global incident from which to rethink how education works in all our countries. Among the many changes generated by this crisis, all teaching became mediated by digital technologies. This paper intends to analyze the activities carried out during this time through digital technologies and the conceptions of teaching and learning that they reflect. We designed a Likert-type online questionnaire to measure the frequency of teaching activities. It was (...) answered by 1,403 teachers from Spain. The proposed activities varied depending on the learning promoted, the learning outcomes, the type of assessment to which the activities were directed, and the presence of cooperative activities. The major result of this study was that teachers used reproductive activities more frequently than constructive ones. We also found that most activities were those favoring verbal and attitudinal learning. The cooperative activities were the least frequent. Finally, through a cluster analysis, we identified four teaching profiles depending on the frequency and type of digital technologies use: Passive, Active, Reproductive, and Interpretative. The variable that produced the most consistent differences was previous digital technologies use These results show that Information and Communication Technologies uses are reproductive rather than constructive, which impedes effective digital technologies integration into the curriculum so that students gain 21st-century competencies. (shrink)

These are some of the topics discussed in this book, both theoretically and with reference to concrete cases.

Epistemology had to come to terms with “the social” on two different occasions. The first was represented by the dispute about the epistemological status of the “social” sciences, and in this case the already well established epistemology of the natural sciences seemed to have the right to dictate the conditions for a discipline to be a science. But the social sciences could successfully vindicate the legitimacy of their specific criteria for scientificity. More recently, the impact of social factors on the (...) construction of our knowledge (including scientific knowledge) has reversed, in a certain sense, the old position and promoted social inquiry to the role of a criterion for evaluating the purport of cognitive (including scientific) statements. But this has undermined the traditional characteristics of objectivity and rigor that seem constitutive of science. Moreover, in order to establish the real extent to which social conditionings have an impact on scientific knowledge one must credit sociology with a sound ground of reliability, and this is not possible without a preliminary “epistemological” assessment. These are some of the topics discussed in this book, both theoretically and with reference to concrete cases. (shrink)

This book presents an examination of the (context of the) publishing process of Karl Marx's Le Capital, including the overlap with the publishing process of the second German edition of Das Kapital.

Empirical research on Rational Choice Theory has brought up two focus of the economics laws problem. On one hand, we find the authors who state that the neoclassical economics laws are explanatory and predictive on specific cases: in transparent contexts in which the standard rationality operates successfully. On the other hand, we find the authors who state that the descriptive theories of the rational choice opens up a research path in which fundamental principles of the neoclassical building could be questioned. (...) Both view points have generated an important standard Rational Choice Theory revision what has produced the so called descriptive view point. It implies understanding that most of the choices take place under risky or uncertainty conditions and, that, these choices are far more complex than the normative Rational Choice Theory supposes. This article's main goal is to expand the descriptive point of view in rational choice, theorizing how some factors, coming from the social and cultural environment, operate within the rational choice. Into space of this research essay we find the debatable question of whether these sort of proposals expands the explanation of the deviation of the rational choice normative theory, and that, of the disturbing causes of the microeconomics laws, or they call into question fundamental principles of these laws and therefore they are opening the possibility to focus some economics issues in a new different manner. (shrink)

Abstract:With his essay “Agrarverhältnisse im Altertum,” Max Weber pushed the scholarly narrative of the rise of the Ancient Greek polis closer to what was to become the paradigm of the twentieth century: that the unique political development of Greece followed from the rise of a new kind of warrior, the hoplite. But the scholars who would enshrine this “hoplite revolution” theory seem to have been ignorant of Weber. His prescient work is never cited on this subject. This article explores the (...) contemporary origins and Weberian nature of a forgotten version of the “hoplite revolution” theory. (shrink)

The Central American country of Guatemala committed itself to democratic values and processes in its election of December, 1985. Guatemala, like most other Central American countries, has been through the dictator-constitution-election revolving door many times. For almsot half a century, Guatemala has been afflicted with coups, general-presidents and dictator-presidents. Again, in 1985, Guatemala created a new constitution with provision for democratic presidential elections monitored and declared "democratic" by a score of other nations. The new president, Vinicio Cerezo, and his Minister (...) of Education, Eduardo Meyer Maldonado, emphasized that the elementary school, the only formal educational institution attended by the majority of Guatemalans, must provide those learning experiences required to develop, to nourish and to sustain democracy in Guatemala. (shrink)

To research teachers’ priorities on what was to be taught and learned during the COVID-19 lockdown, we asked Spanish Primary and Secondary teachers to choose and describe the activity they preferred among those carried out with their students during the pandemic. Our interest was to investigate what really happened in the classrooms, the type of learning favored by the practices, and the agreement between the teacher’s goals and their teaching We obtained 272 activities that we analyzed according to the proposed (...) goals, the types of learning worked, and the kind of teaching promoted. Results showed that most teachers proposed content-centered activities, oriented above all to verbal learning. There were clear differences between the proposed goals, partly student-centered, and what was really taught, essentially content-centered. We obtained two teaching profiles, one reproductive and the other constructive. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la virtud de la confianza como requisito de la sociabilidad. Tras revisar, en síntesis y según L. Polo, como se ha estimado esta virtud en la historia de la filosofía, y tras examinar algunas manifestaciones del vicio opuesto de la desconfianza, se indica cuál es su índole, su raíz y sus consecuencias, distinguiéndola al final de la fe intelectual o natural que tiene como tema solo a Dios.

José Echeverría. HUITIEME PROPOSITION : L'expérience de vieillir nous renvoie à une limite de la mutation temporelle, c'est-à-dire, à une expérience qui sera la fin de notre temps. Commentaire. Reprenant l'évidence que nous existons et ...

Se critica la concepción de Jonas del principio de responsabilidad, dado que las tecnociencias contemporáneas están cambiando las sociedades, y no únicamente la naturaleza biofísica. Se consideran brevemente las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones como un buen ejemplo de tecnociencia. El principio de Jonas se toma como principio axiológico cuya formulación imperativa es problemática. Por medio de la distinción entre diferentes subsistemas de valores relevantes para las tecnociencias, concluimos que hay diferentes nociones de responsabilidad, relacionadas con esa (...) pluralidad de tipos de valores. (shrink)

This paper describes the first study of vasectomized men in Latin America; it is based on personal interviews with 172 men who had undergone the operation at least 3 months previously.

Esta obra está pensada para que sirva como ayuda para cursos universitarios de Filosofía de la Ciencia. Además de ocuparse del conocimiento científico, se propone una filosofía de la actividad científica, en la que se tienen presentes las interrelaciones entre ciencia y tecnología. Se abordan asimismo cuestiones relativas a valores que rigen la práctica científica.