Husserlio ir Merleau-Ponty diskusija apie fenomenologinę redukciją ir intersubjektyvumą / Husserl‘s and Merleau-Ponty‘s Discussion about Phenomenological Reduction and Intersubjectivity

Žmogus ir Žodis 11:27-33 (2009)
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Abstract

Straipsnyje analizuojamas Merleau-Ponty ir Husserlio fenomenologijos santykis. Lietuvoje MerleauPonty filosofija tradiciškai buvo suprantama kaip egzistencinė fenomenologija. Autoriaus nuomone, Merleau-Ponty ne paneigia, bet produktyviai interpretuoja Husserlio fenomenologinę filosofiją ir jos metodą. Fenomenologinę redukciją Merleau-Ponty supranta ne kaip sąryšių su pasauliu nutraukimą, bet kaip jų tematizavimą. Fenomenologinė redukcija ne paneigia įkūnytą pasaulyje subjektą, bet parodo kaip jis intersubjektyviai yra susaistytas su kitais. Transcendentalus subjektyvumas yra ne tik pasaulį konstituojantis, bet ir pasaulio konstituotas. Merleau-Ponty teigia, kad fenomenologinė redukcija negalima kaip absoliuti redukcija, nes ji negali pašalinti kūniško žmogaus sąryšio su pasauliu ir su kitais. Esminiai žodžiai: fenomenologija, įkūnytas subjektyvumas, fenomenologinė redukcija, intersubjektyvumas.The article analyses the relationship between Husserl‘s and Merleau-Ponty‘s phenomenology. In Lithuania Merleau-Ponty‘s philosophy was interpreted as existential phenomenology. My purpose is to show, that Merleau-Ponty doesn’t deny Husserl‘s phenomenology, but gives us an example how to understand phenomenological method today. Phenomenological reduction means not discovering the pure subjectivity, but tematization of our relationship with the world. The aim of phenomenological reduction is not to let us withdraw from the world, but, on the contrary, to tematize intentional rapport of embodied subjectivity with the world and with others. In this sense transcendental subjectivity is constituting the world and constituted in the world. Merleau-Ponty claims that phenomenological reduction is impossible as absolute reduction, because reduction discovered reciprocity between incarnated subjectivity and world. Key words: Phenomenology, Phenomenological reduction, Embodied subjectivity, Intersubjectivity

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