Without patriarchal laws and legally permitted gender discrimination, it becomes clearer that a powerful draw back to gender equality springs from norms about gender identity, concepts of masculinity and femininity, and tacit rules of interaction between women and men. This article offers a theoretical perspective to analyze hidden power in gender relationships. The conceptualization is based on research into marital power carried out in the Netherlands. The focus of this research was not on the way the “power cake” is divided (...) up between spouses but rather on the operation of power processes and mechanisms that can explain why change toward gender equality in marriage is so slow. (shrink)

This book brings together two traditions of thinking about social ties: sociological theory on solidarity and anthropological theory on gift exchange. The purpose of the book is to explore both how theoretical traditions may complete and enrich each other, and how they may illuminate transformations in solidarity. The main argument, supported by empirical illustrations, is that a theory of solidarity should incorporate some of the core insights from anthropological gift theory. The book presents a theoretical model covering both positive and (...) negative - selective and excluding - aspects and consequences of solidarity. It is concluded that over the past century solidarity has undergone a fundamental transformation, from Durkheim's 'organic' solidarity to a type of solidarity which can be called 'segmented': separate, autonomous social segments connecting with other segments, no longer out of necessity and mutual dependency but on the basis of individual choice. Solidarity has, thereby, become more noncomittal. (shrink)

Beschouwing over het ontstaan en de werking van machtsverschillen tussen de seksen.

The Letter before the Spirit underlines the importance for scholars to have at their disposal reliable scientific text editions – book editions or digital editions – of Aristotle’s works in the Semitico-Latin, and the Graeco-Latin, translation and commentary traditions.

_The Letter before the Spirit_ underlines the importance for scholars to have at their disposal reliable scientific text editions – book editions or digital editions – of Aristotle’s works in the Semitico-Latin, and the Graeco-Latin, translation and commentary traditions.

The aim of this article is to show how a suspect’s statement travels through two stages of the criminal law process: the police interrogation and the trial, exhibited by two modes of production: talk and writing. I first discuss how the suspect’s statement is elicited and written down by the police in the police report; next I consider how the police report is made to form part of a legally adequate case-file; and finally I investigate the ways in which the (...) judge quotes and refers to the police report in his questioning of the suspect during the trial. This step-by-step inspection of the trajectory of the suspect’s statement shows processes of de- and recontextualization. The suspect’s statement is written down so as to enable it to be taken out of one context and inserted into another. This means that old meanings are removed from the suspect’s statement and new meanings are added. In the courtroom, however, the judge treats the suspect’s written statement as his own individual production, irrespective of the interactional environment in which it was elicited. The suspect’s statement is taken out of one context, inserted into another context and treated as independent of context. (shrink)

Michael Scot’s thirteenth-century Arabic-Latin translation of Aristotle’s zoological works strongly influenced the medieval reception of these books. Whereas Scot’s translation was mostly scientific, a growing public was offered the opportunity to experience the pleasures of this kind of knowledge in general.

A considerable number of the thirteenth and early fourteenth-century manuscripts of Michael Scot's Arabic-Latin translation of Aristotle's De animalibus display a system of guiding marginal glosses. These glosses are usually added by a later hand with respect to the hand that had written the text. The manuscripts were not only annotated for personal use, but also so as to allow for a better use in compiling commentaries, encyclopaedias and compendia. We can say that the marginalia form the main, if not (...) only, key to our understanding today of the use that readers made of the text. Apart from offering a mere explanation of the contents, we can see that their interest in the text was chiefly related to biblical exegesis and to scientific and medical knowledge. The approach to the text was often allegorical and moralizing in character. Some remarks reflect the reader's own experience and associations in relation to the text. (shrink)

Ordinarily we tend to take our shared world for granted. The opening stages of kob interviews apparently are occasions where certain selected aspects of this shared world are recapitulated. This activity is typically performed by the interviewer. The absence of response from the applications, other than ‘continuers’, underlines the main function of these token up-dates as ratifications of the state of mutual knowledge that displays the official starting position from which the participation can proceed with their business.Three kins of mutual (...) knowledge are referred to and displayed by the interviewerknowledge about ‘who we are and why we have met’knowledge about previour exchanges of informationknowledge about an ‘excess’ of knowledge of the applicant relative to the point reached in the procedures.The production of these token up-dates organizes the listenership of the recipients in such a way that a specific move by the interviewer is exptected, depending on the kind of knowledge that is mentioned.A display of knowledge about ‘who we are and why we have met’ is followed by a prolonged speech by the interviewer about the vacancy.A display of knowledge about previous exchanges of information is followed by the interviewer asking a question about that information, or about the ‘completeness’ of that information, depending on whether it concerns information about the applicant or information about the vacancy.A display of knowledge about the ‘excess’ of knowledge of the applicant at this stage is followed by a ‘next’ step, that is the step that would have followed the topic to be discussed had the applicant not possessed that knowlegde.The production of token up-dates not only projects an immediate next move. The selection of items brought into the interview in this way also illustrates the concern interviewers have with information, and with the ‘completeness’ of information. It adumbrates the importance of knowledge as the official organizing principle of the coming interview. (shrink)