Globalization is more than an economic or geopolitical matter; it is above all a new culture and, as such, it requires philosophical inquiry to determine if it represents a 20th century revolution in thinking not unlike the Kantian Revolution represented to the 18th century. Critical Cosmology takes up the task of establishing the much needed philosophical tools to 'think' globalization by reading Kant's refoundation of cosmopolitanism as a political, not moral, text.

La tradition utopique compte autant de projets de société promettant l’avènement d’une ère de loisirs que de projets dans lesquels le travail demeure le pilier de la cohésion sociale. Cette double lignée continue d’inspirer certains programmes politiques, mais à la différence des années 1970 une sorte de résignation semble s’être répandue. Cet article propose, au contact de l’histoire des idées politiques et de la philosophie politique contemporaine, de réexaminer les paradigmes de la conception du travail et de sa place dans (...) la société, et de dresser un bilan des théories et utopies sociales qui ont imaginé comment le règne de la liberté peut s’établir sur le règne de la nécessité. La relecture de la tradition utopique permet de faire justice d’une série de lieux communs. Par exemple la crainte qu’une organisation communautaire trop parfaite, « communiste », ne dissuade de travailler – un argument qui ne cesse de polluer toute réflexion sur une conception sociale globale (et non libéraleindividuelle) de la question du travail. (shrink)

Pour Gérard Raulet, le problème politique le plus urgent qui se pose aux républiques contemporaines, est celui de l’intégration. Face à l’échec de l’institution scolaire pour assumer cette fonction, l’auteur propose une relecture de Kant afin d’approfondir sa réflexion sur la redéfinition de la citoyenneté contemporaine. Contrairement à l’analyse ultra-républicaine qu’il avait faite de cette pensée dans un récent ouvrage, l’auteur prend une position plus modérée et plus pragmatique qu’il nomme le républicanisme authentique. Cette posture idéologique l’amène à relire (...) Kant dans une perspective plus globale. Cette réflexion se termine sur une question politique névralgique : comment les républiques contemporaines peuvent-elle revoir leur politique d’intégration, afin de respecter davantage le droit à la différence, sans mettre en danger l’unité de la nation? (shrink)

What is the nature of the relation between self-presentation and political representation? Drawing on Simmel and Plessner this article tries to define the constitutive function of the role and the danger of self-expression as well as of a total transparency. Both of them are inhabited by a pathological excess of representation which undermines what it pretends to aim at: democracy.

Walter Benjamins »destruktiver Charakter«, sein alter ego, ist nicht so einsam, wie es scheinen mag, sondern hat im bürgerlichen Lager, in der Person eines eher konservativen Kulturkritikers und Verteidigers der auserlesensten Bildung, einen Doppelgänger – soweit dieser avantgardistische künstlerische Positionen vertritt. Und dieser Doppelgänger hat ebenfalls einen Doppelgänger: »Monsieur Teste«. Daß es zwischen Benjamin und Valéry zu einem solchen Refraktionsspiel kam, ist kein Zufall. Der Dialog mit Valéry geht bei Benjamin auf das Frühjahr 1925 zurück und bildet einen roten Faden, (...) der in der Verstrickung von Avantgardismus und Kulturkritik am deutlichsten zutage tritt. (shrink)

The financial crisis which recently occurred is the epiphenomenon of a structural crisis of advanced capitalism. Although it referred to a very different context the diagnosis made by Habermas in his work Legitimationsprobleme des Spätkapitalismus , published in 1973, remains a very useful key in order to understand the irreducibility of social policy and the way the post-Fordist capitalism assumes the mediation between the economic and the social sphere — that is, how it deals with both the deficit of rationality (...) and the deficit of legitimacy. Instead of being the political expression of social relations the neo-liberal system decouples labour and capital and, governed by financial markets, disconnects the social and the political rights and undermines the possibility of a true foundation of citizenship. In other words, the ‘refeudalization’ Habermas had reported as early as in Strukturwandel der Offentlichkeit (1962) remains quite topical. (shrink)

This text is a discussion of Walter Benjamin’s speculation on a so called “mimetic faculty” as well as a critical position to the debate between Philosophical Anthropology and Critical Theory which can be considered as insufficient until now. Although Axel Honneth regards it as rather marginal, Benjamin’s approach is much more radical than his own paradigm of recognition – and this not only in anthropological respect but also with regard to the core of the problem: the reification and the domination (...) of the form of commodity. (shrink)

Avant 1968, un seul ouvrage, très critique, avait été consacré à Marcuse. Même les leaders du mouvement étudiant semblent tout ignorer de sa pensée. Pourtant, la parution de L’Homme unidimensionnel au plus fort des « événements », bien qu’elle soit une coïncidence, peut révéler l’existence d’une réception souterraine mais intense portée par au moins deux générations dans des cercles intellectuels et éditoriaux influents ainsi que dans le mouvement trotskiste.

Dans une lettre du 10 novembre 1938, Adorno a formulé envers l’investigation benjaminienne des mythologies modernes des griefs radicaux et terribles : la description y prendrait l’allure d’« un pouvoir d’illumination presque superstitieux » et ne parviendrait pas, malgré ses efforts louables pour « payer tribut au marxisme », à mettre en œuvre une approche véritablement dialectique de la phénoménologie de la modernité. Bref, Benjamin aurait succombé au charme des phénomènes mythiques qu’il dé...

Critical Cosmology takes up the task of establishing the much needed philosophical tools to think globalization by reading Kant's refoundation of ...

One effect of information technology is the increasing need to present information visually. The trend raises intriguing questions. What is the logical status of reasoning that employs visualization? What are the cognitive advantages and pitfalls of this reasoning? What kinds of tools can be developed to aid in the use of visual representation? This newest volume on the Studies in Logic and Computation series addresses the logical aspects of the visualization of information. The authors of these specially commissioned papers explore (...) the properties of diagrams, charts, and maps, and their use in problem solving and teaching basic reasoning skills. As computers make visual representations more commonplace, it is important for professionals, researchers and students in computer science, philosophy, and logic to develop an understanding of these tools; this book can clarify the relationship between visuals and information. (shrink)

"Bartley and Radnitzky have done the philosophy of knowledge a tremendous service. Scholars now have a superb and up-to-date presentation of the fundamental ideas of evolutionary epistemology." --Philosophical Books.

This paper examines patterns of metaphor in usage. Four samples of text excerpts of on average 47,000 words each were taken from the British National Corpus and annotated for metaphor. The linguistic metaphor data were collected by five analysts on the basis of a highly explicit identification procedure that is a variant of the approach developed by the Pragglejaz Group (Metaphor and Symbol 22: 1–39, 2007). Part of this paper is a report of the protocol and the reliability of the (...) procedure. Data analysis shows that, on average, one in every seven and a half lexical units in the corpus is related to metaphor defined as a potential cross-domain mapping in conceptual structure. It also appears that the bulk of the expression of metaphor in discourse consists of non-signalled metaphorically used words, not similes. The distribution of metaphor-related words, finally, turns out to be quite variable between the four registers examined in this study: academic texts have 18.5%, news 16.4%, fiction 11.7%, and conversation 7.7%. The systematic comparative investigation of these registers raises new questions about the relation between cognitive linguistic and other approaches to metaphor. (shrink)

Explores the origin and evolution of the Greek concept of nature up until the time of Plato.

_Explores the origin and evolution of the Greek concept of nature up until the time of Plato._.

This paper presents a theory of the syntactic aspects of human sentence production. An important characteristic of unprepared speech is that overt pronunciation of a sentence can be initiated before the speaker has completely worked out the meaning content he or she is going to express in that sentence. Apparently, the speaker is able to build up a syntactically coherent utterance out of a series of syntactic fragments each rendering a new part of the meaning content. This incremental, left‐to‐right mode (...) of sentence production is the central capability of the proposed Incremental Procedural Grammar (IPG). Certain other properties of spontaneous speech, as derivable from speech errors, hesitations, self‐repairs, and language pathology, are accounted for as well.The psychological plausibility thus gained by the grammar appears compatible with a satisfactory level of linguistic plausibility in that sentences receive structural descriptions which are in line with current theories of grammar. More importantly, an explanation for the existence of configurational conditions on transformations and other linguistics rules is proposed.The basic design feature of IPG which gives rise to these psychologically and linguistically desirable properties, is the “Procedures + Stack” concept. Sentences are built not by a central constructing agency which overlooks the whole process but by a team of syntactic procedures (modules) which work—in parallel—on small parts of the sentence, have only a limited overview, and whose sole communication channel is a stack.IPG covers object complement constructions, interrogatives, and word order in main and subordinate clauses. It handles unbounded dependencies, crossserial dependencies and coordination phenomena such as gapping and conjunction reduction. It is also capable of generating self‐repairs and elliptical answers to questions. IPG has been implemented as an incremental Dutch sentence generator written in LISP. (shrink)

Die Autoren dieses Buches befassen sich mit dem Verhältnis der Wissenschaftstheorie zu den Wissenschaften. Vertreter verschiedener Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften kommen hier nach folgendem Anordnungsprinzip zu Worte: Von den »hard sciences« zu den »soft sciences«, von den empirisch leichter prüfbaren zu den empirisch schwerer prüfbaren Wissenschaften. Die klassischen Naturwissenschaften, Physik, Chemie und Biologie, machen den Anfang. Dann folgen Ökonomie, Soziologie und Geschichte.Fast alle Beiträge sind aus Vorträgen hervorgegangen, die im Juni 1989 während eines wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums an der Universität Trier gehalten und (...) diskutiert wurden.Das Thema der Trierer Tagung lautete: »Der Kritische Rationalismus und die Wissenschaften«. Die jeweiligen Vertreter ihres Faches waren also eingeladen, insbesondere ihr Verhältnis zur Wissenschaftstheorie des Kritischen Rationalismus darzulegen. Das Tagungsthema war vor dem Hintergrund der in demselben Jahr erfolgenden Emeritierung von Gerard Radnitzky, einem der renommiertesten Vertreter des Kritischen Rationalismus, gewählt worden. (shrink)

Proceedings of a conference held in Oct. 2007 at St. Augustine College of South Africa.

Fast moving classical variables can generate quantum mechanical behavior. We demonstrate how this can happen in a model. The key point is that in classically evolving systems one can still define a conserved quantum energy. For the fast variables, the energy levels are far separated, such that one may assume these variables to stay in their ground state. This forces them to be entangled, so that, consequently, the slow variables are entangled as well. The fast variables could be the vacuum (...) fluctuations caused by unknown super heavy particles. The emerging quantum effects in the light particles are expressed by a Hamiltonian that can have almost any form. The entire system is ontological, and yet allows one to generate interference effects in computer models. This seemed to lead to an inexplicable paradox, which is now resolved: exactly what happens in our models if we run a quantum interference experiment in a classical computer is explained. The restriction that very fast variables stay predominantly in their ground state appears to be due to smearing of the physical states in the time direction, preventing their direct detection. Discussions are added of the emergence of quantum mechanics, and the ontology of an EPR/Bell Gedanken experiment. (shrink)