The concept of disease is deeply rooted in medical practice, and one can hardly conceive of caring for patients without this tool. Nevertheless, under this seemingly uncontroversial idea there are some highly polemical axioms that we usually take for granted, even though they often lead us to some uncomfortable inconsistencies and contradictions. Some of the conceptual issues derived from our traditional view of disease, which condition the way we conceive and practice medicine, include:We conceive of disease as a real entity (...) that affects a previously healthy person, thus making him ill. The purpose of medicine is to identify and fight this entity. If it succeeds, the patient is cured; otherwise, the patient will .. (shrink)

Numerosos estudios en las últimas décadas muestran cómo el sonido es un importante elemento capaz de proporcionar nuevos conocimientos sobre el entorno y sobre las relaciones entre el ser humano y el medio. El sonido posee unas cualidades físico-sensoriales-perceptivas particulares, que conectan lo emocional y lo racional. Permite por tanto abordar de forma amplia el conocimiento y el análisis de algo tan complejo como la experiencia y la vivencia del lugar. Hoy asistimos a un fuerte desarrollo de métodos, herramientas y (...) estrategias de intervención en el entorno con el paisaje sonoro como protagonista. Como producto de una colectividad, el paisaje sonoro se sitúa en un lugar privilegiado en el pensamiento contemporáneo. Sus conceptos y métodos sonoros surgen a partir de experiencias sensibles del lugar en relación directa con una comunidad. La utilización de métodos in situ (recorridos, cartografías, archivos sonoros, performances y acciones sonoras colectivas) en este ámbito son expresiones de gran interés generadas alrededor de la escucha colectiva del lugar. Estos estudios muestran la importancia de los aspectos sensoriales y cómo a través del sonido y la escucha se da una reapropiación del espacio, de nuestro entorno, del reconocimiento del otro y del lugar. Presentamos tres proyectos de investigación con la complejidad del ambiente sonoro como elemento común. Estos proyectos se centran en tres situaciones diferentes, el periodo de la COVID-19, el estudio de paisajes sonoros históricos, y el estudio del ambiente sonoro contemporáneo. Estos trabajos ponen un foco de interés particular en la complejidad de las percepciones y relatos de los ciudadanos como fuente de conocimiento. (shrink)

Emotional intelligence (EI) stands at the nexus between intelligence and emotion disciplines, and we outline how EI research might be better integrated within both theoretical frameworks. From the former discipline, empirical research focused upon whether EI is an intelligence and what type of intelligence it constitutes. It is clear that ability-based tests of EI form a group factor of cognitive abilities that may be integrated into the Cattell–Horn–Carroll framework; less clear is the lower order factor structure of EI. From the (...) latter discipline, research linking EI with theoretical frameworks from emotion research remain relatively sparse. Emotion regulation and appraisal theory may be key to explain how EI may reflect different processes. We propose a research agenda to advance the EI study. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

How important is the influence of spatial acoustics on our mental processes related to sound perception and cognition? There is a large body of research in fields encompassing architecture, musicology, and psychology that analyzes human response, both subjective and objective, to different soundscapes. But what if we want to understand how acoustic environments influenced the human experience of sound in sacred ritual practices in premodern societies? Archaeoacoustics is the research field that investigates sound in the past. One of its branches (...) delves into how sound was used in specific landscapes and at sites with rock art, and why past societies endowed a special significance to places with specific acoustical properties. Taking advantage of the advances made in sound recording and reproduction technologies, researchers are now exploring how ancient social and sacred ceremonies and practices related to the acoustic properties of their sound environment. Here, we advocate for the emergence of a new and innovative discipline, experimental psychoarchaeoacoustics. We also review underlying methodological approaches and discuss the limitations, challenges, and future directions for this new field. (shrink)

O Prof. Sigrist, como acadêmico, não foi um profissional da escrita, são poucos os seus escritos. O Prof. Sigrist foi um profissional da palavra, do discurso, e conseguia abusar da sua memória. Usava poucas anotações para as suas falas, mas cabia aos alunos lerem suas indicações bibliográficas.

In this response to the critiques of Fontaine and Hughes and Evans, we touch on main points of consensus and contention, and offer some suggestions for future programs of research.

In western cultures, when it comes to places of worship and liturgies, music, acoustics and architecture go hand in hand. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the emotions evoked by music are enhanced by the acoustics of the space where the music was composed to be played on. We explored whether the emotional responses of western naïve listeners to two vocal pieces from the Renaissance, one liturgical and one secular, convolved with the impulse responses of four Christian (...) temples from the United Kingdom, were modulated by the appropriate piece/space matching. In an alternative forced choice task where participants had to indicate their preference for the original recording of the piece (not convolved with any temple-like acoustics) vs. the convolved one, no significant differences were found. However, in the tasks where participants rated their emotional in response to each piece and acoustic condition, the factorial ANCOVA analyses performed on the results revealed significant effects. We observed that, across pieces and spaces, participants found the temple-like acoustics as more transcendent, compared to the acoustics of the original version of the pieces. In addition, they rated the secular piece as more tender and the liturgical piece as more expressive in its original versions, compared to the convolved ones. We conclude that the acoustic signature of the four Christian temples causes an exaltation of certain emotions on listeners, although this effect is not associated to one or another musical piece. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie Jahrgang: 64 Heft: 6 Seiten: 894-924.

Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} This essay presents a reading of modern liberalism from Leo Strauss´thought. Starting with his analysis of Carl Schmitt’s Concept of the Political and its critique of liberal “neutralization and depolitization”, Strauss posits an affirmation of the (...) problem of natural right, for which it is a fundamental first step to study the political philosophy of Hobbes. In contrast with Schmitt and Hobbes, Strauss´ thought points towards a consideration of classical natural right as a riposte to the political nihilism or apolitical cosmopolitanism of late-modernity, both products of radical historicism as well as methodological positivism. Strauss considers the search of natural right qua representation of the idea of justice a distinct alternative to the affirmation of the will through sovereign power. Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4. (shrink)

O artigo investiga a proposta de releitura da teoria da democracia e do conceito do político feita pela filosofia belga pós-marxista Chantal Mouffe. O objetivo é analisar os argumentos da autora e a reabilitação do tema do conflito como constitutivo da democracia. Após a virada consensualista, procedimentos e princípios racionais passaram a reger a instituição do politico através de concepções deliberativas acerca da democracia, marcadas pela neutralização do conflito e identificação entre política e moral. Na contramão desse movimento, Mouffe promove (...) um inusitado encontro entre marxismo pós-estruturalista e algumas teses centrais da teoria política schmittiana. Em contraposição à compreensão do político como antagonismo entre amigos/inimigos, Mouffe propõe um modelo de agonismo adversarial, que segundo ela pode assumir a forma de uma democracia liberal. Pretendemos examinar sua proposta e discutir se de fato ela supera a crítica ao liberalismo feito por Schmitt. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza y critica los argumentos de Carl Schmitt contra la democracia liberal, y pone en cuestión su aprovechamiento por parte del pensamiento progresista contemporáneo. Primero se examina la conexión conceptual de la concepción schmittiana de lo político con la transformación del Estado liberal en el Estado totalitario. Luego se cuestiona el supuesto filosófico que subyace en la crítica de Schmitt al liberalismo: la tesis de la imposibilidad de alcanzar soluciones racionales y pacíficas a los conflictos políticos. Se analizan (...) en este contexto los dos recursos deliberativos más importantes de que dispone el liberalismo para abordar los conflictos políticos: los acuerdos y los compromisos de intereses. Por último, el artículo concluye con algunas reflexiones sobre el significado político del "neoschmittianismo" contemporáneo. This article analyses Carl Schmitt's arguments against liberal democracy, and questions the potential of these arguments for contemporary progressive political thought. The article shows the conceptual connection of the schmittian concept of the political with the transformation of the liberal State into a totalitarian State. Subsequently it tries to show that the main premise of Schmitt's critique of liberalism is false, namely the belief that it is impossible to reach a dialogical and peaceful solution to political conflicts, either by agreement or by compromise. Finally the article includes some reflections on the political significance of contemporary "neo-schmittianism". (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:In Memoriam: Hans Blumenberg (1920–1996), An Unended QuestElías José PaltiAt 76, after a long intellectual career spanning more than thirty years, first as Professor of Philosophy at Giessel, then at Bochum, and finally at Münster until his retirement in 1985, Hans Blumenberg has died.1 He leaves behind an incredibly vast oeuvre2 covering the most diverse subjects, from an interpretation of Bach’s The Passion of St Matthew to the history (...) of different terms, concepts, and metaphors (such as shipwreck, the book, and the cave).3 His three major books—The Legitimacy of the Modern Age (1966), The Genesis of the Copernican World (1975), and Work on Myth (1979)—are already classics and constitute true landmarks in the contemporary historiography of ideas. Yet so varied and extended an intellectual production revolves around a single concern: the origins and legitimacy of the so-called Modern Age. Moving back and forth from different angles and perspectives toward the same core—as in a prolonged assault—in order to test the different edges and explore all the potential implications of his own inquiring, men and gods, science and myth, from antiquity to the present day, all are invoked in his work for a concerted [End Page 503] attack aimed to shed new light into that enigma called the “Modern Age.” His multifaceted approach is thus only an expression of the multifold nature of his own subject matter.However, the unity of this quest is more apparent than real. His line of questioning moved progressively from the problem regarding the legitimacy of the modern age to that of its origins and specific nature, and in this very process not only did his approach vary but his very concept of that age changed. Here I will trace the main investigative lines that Blumenberg followed through his three major works4 to uncover how his view of the modern age was modified and became more and more complex over time. I will also show how, in fulfilling his project and in the consequent growing sophistication of his perspective, Blumenberg actually discovered a number of unsuspected problems that derailed him from his original endeavor, forcing him to reformulate some of his conceptual tools, and indeed to redefine the ultimate object of his undertaking.Modernity and the Problem of Its LegitimacyThe Legitimacy of the Modern Age (1966)5 was first in a trilogy of major works reviewed here. Its title formulates concisely Blumenberg’s original concern. In it he focussed his discussion on the “theory of secularization,” originally formulated by Carl Schmitt in Political Theology (1922) and later developed by Karl Löwith in Meaning and History (1949).For Löwith there were only two authentically original traditions in Western historical thought: the Ancient (based on the notion of cyclical time) and the Medieval/Modern (founded on the idea of a linear, future-directed pattern of human development).6 The philosophy of history that originated in the eighteenth century is nothing else but a result of the secularization of the eschatological Christian motif of the fall and subsequent redemption. Such a revelation would unmask, according to the author of this theory, the myth of modernity’s origins as representing a radical rupture from its immediate past and the final consecration of the absolute reign of reason. This would deprive modernity of the grounds upon which it legitimizes itself. “Illegitimacy,” then, is here identified with “heterogony” (the lack of authentic, proper sources). “Seen from the point of view of secularization,” remarks Blumenberg, “the false conflict of the medieval and the modern age can be reduced to a single episode in the interruption of the human connection to the cosmos” (28). [End Page 504]For Blumenberg, on the contrary, “secularization” did not necessarily constitute an anathema. The fact that the notion of “secularization”—originally conceived as merely a descriptive term—came to involve pejorative connotations resulted from the Platonic assumption that a derivative truth is only a degraded form of the primitive, authentic Truth, so that any kind of intellectual acquisition becomes suspect (73). This is not actually the case. In a purely descriptive sense, Blumenberg argued, one can cite almost any philosophy... (shrink)

El presente artículo ofrece, en primer lugar, una caracterización de la noción marxiana de ideología, implícita y explícitamente desarrollada a partir de una concepción materialista de la historia en La ideología alemana, todo ello desde la perspectiva de la filosofía de la historia. Para ello, en segundo lugar, se comparan los proyectos de filosofía de la historia en Hegel y Marx, tomando como criterio de contrastación la caracterización de filosofías sustantivas de la historia ofrecida por autores como Carl Hempel y (...) Arthur Danto. La conclusión principal a la que se arriba con dicho análisis es, en tercer término, que las críticas de Danto y Hempel a la filosofía sustantiva de la historia no afectan al planteamiento filosófico-histórico marxiano, pues este no tiene como sujeto de la historia al despliegue de la Idea sino a la acción de individuos humanos que actúan en el mundo para satisfacer sus necesidades, realizarse y desarrollar sus instituciones. (shrink)

This study reviews and classifies the most common uses of the terms “enemy” and “enmity” within the context of traditional philosophical discourse. In order to contribute to a structured understanding of these concepts, we proceed in two steps. We first explore the auxiliary uses of the terms, which we distinguish from each other according to their axiological connotations. In a second part, we review the technical uses of the concepts known to philosophy of law. Here, we distinguish between two different (...) approaches to the concept, one of which defines it through qualitative criteria, and a second approach that uses the term as a quantifier. (shrink)