Resumen: Este artículo responde a la pregunta sobre el carácter de la literatura antropológica chilena en su posición híbrida entre ciencia y literatura, para ello maneja las categorías del antropólogo y literato originario de Martinica Édouard Glissant, en lo relativo a su concepción de “Todo Mundo” como posibilidad de comprensión transcultural, utilizándose conceptos como los de archipiélago, rizoma, opacidad, caos y criollización. Con ello logramos asumir a la literatura antropológica chilena como una forma textual que responde a definiciones propias de (...) literatura y poesía, y que se define básicamente como un instrumento de comunicación intercultural, con un origen en las ciencias sociales.: This article answers the question about the character of the Chilean anthropological literature in its hybrid position between science and literature, for it uses the categories of the anthropologist and literary native of the Martinique Édouard Glissant, with regard to his conception of "All World" as a possibility of transcultural understanding, using concepts such as archipelago, rhizome, opacity, chaos and creolization. With this we managed to assume the Chilean anthropological literature as a textual form that responds to own definitions of literature and poetry and that is basically defined as an instrument of intercultural communication, with an origin in the social sciences. (shrink)

This article addresses the notion of Latin American baroque, linking its aesthetic and interpretive dimension with the cognitive, to develop a located epistemology in Latin America, consistent with its tradition and cultural history. This exercise requires a transdisciplinary effort, therefore this article takes the form of notes, in the context of a broader research program focusing on the contribution of the sociologist Pedro Morandé and writers Pablo Rokha and José Lezama Lima, in a transdisciplinary perspective that assumes theories of knowledge (...) grounded in the identification of Baroque and Latin American appropriations as core of our cultural substrate and therefore epicenter of reflection on identity; developing emerging forms of writing grounded in a metalanguage that appeals to the neo-baroque as a foundation. En este artículo se aborda la noción de barroco latinoamericano, vinculando su dimensión estética e interpretativa con la cognoscitiva, para dar pistas en el desarrollo transdisciplinario de una forma de epistemología situada en Latinoamérica, coherente con su tradición e historia cultural. El ejercicio requiere un esfuerzo transdisciplinario, por ello el artículo toma la forma de apuntes, en el contexto de un programa de investigación más amplio, centrándose en un somero examen del aporte del sociólogo Pedro Morandé y de los escritores Pablo de Rokha y José Lezama Lima, ello en una perspectiva transdisciplinaria que asume teorías del conocimiento fundamentadas en la identificación del barroco y sus apropiaciones latinoamericanas, como médula de nuestro substrato cultural y por tanto, epicentro de la reflexión sobre la identidad, surgiendo un modo de desarrollar formas de escritura cimentadas en una metalengua que apela al neobarroco como fundamento. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo responde a la pregunta sobre el carácter de la literatura antropológica chilena en su posición híbrida entre ciencia y literatura, para ello maneja las categorías del antropólogo y literato originario de Martinica Édouard Glissant, en lo relativo a su concepción de “Todo Mundo” como posibilidad de comprensión transcultural, utilizándose conceptos como los de archipiélago, rizoma, opacidad, caos y criollización. Con ello logramos asumir a la literatura antropológica chilena como una forma textual que responde a definiciones propias de (...) literatura y poesía, y que se define básicamente como un instrumento de comunicación intercultural, con un origen en las ciencias sociales.: This article answers the question about the character of the Chilean anthropological literature in its hybrid position between science and literature, for it uses the categories of the anthropologist and literary native of the Martinique Édouard Glissant, with regard to his conception of "All World" as a possibility of transcultural understanding, using concepts such as archipelago, rhizome, opacity, chaos and creolization. With this we managed to assume the Chilean anthropological literature as a textual form that responds to own definitions of literature and poetry and that is basically defined as an instrument of intercultural communication, with an origin in the social sciences. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda dos temáticas de la novela La muerte es una vieja historia de Hernán Rivera Letelier: la construcción de la identidad de la mujer pentecostal y el uso de la música tanto en el templo como en la vida de un fiel pentecostal. En el primer apartado abordamos tres aspectos del primer tema relacionados con la mujer pentecostal: la inteligencia social y cognitiva, la corporalidad y sensualidad, y la violencia sexual. En el segundo apartado hacemos referencia a la (...) importancia que tiene la música en los templos y la vida cotidiana de los pentecostales, que en la novela se refleja en las anécdotas y experiencias que se cuentan de la protagonista, la hermana Tegualda. (shrink)

The logic BN4 was defined by R.T. Brady as a four-valued extension of Routley and Meyer’s basic logic B. The system EF4 is defined as a companion to BN4 to represent the four-valued system of implication. The system Ł was defined by J. Łukasiewicz and it is a four-valued modal logic that validates what is known as strong Łukasiewicz-type modal paradoxes. The systems EF4-M and EF4-Ł are defined as alternatives to Ł without modal paradoxes. This paper aims to define a (...) Belnap-Dunn semantics for EF4, EF4-M and EF4-Ł. It is shown that EF4, EF4-M and EF4-Ł are strongly sound and complete w.r.t. their respective semantics and that EF4-M and EF4-Ł are free from strong Łukasiewicz-type modal paradoxes. (shrink)

La amenaza del terrorismo y la radicalización son desafíos que trascienden las fronteras internacionales, por sus consecuencias negativas para nuestra sociedad. España fue uno de los países europeos más afectados por los atentados terroristas. Ejemplo de ello fueron los firmados años de liderazgo de la banda terrorista ETA (1961-2010); el 11M (2005), que sacudió no solo a Madrid, sino a toda Europa; y los atentados de Barcelona y Cambrills (2017), todos los cuales dieron la voz de alarma sobre la necesidad (...) de detectar y prevenir la radicalización, ya que aparentemente se trataba de jóvenes integrados en la sociedad. El sufrimiento, el dolor y la muerte tangible del terrorismo hacen de la pedagogía de la muerte la mejor manera de abordar la educación del terrorismo desde un enfoque radical e inclusivo holístico, un estudio de la educación que la ve como antesala de una formación profunda por interiorización. Se basa en varios enfoques didácticos y formativos: (1) enfoque de acompañamiento educativo, desde el que se ofrecen respuestas eficaces a situaciones de duelo vivenciadas por algún miembro de la comunidad educativa; (2) un enfoque curricular centrado en promover la conciencia de la finitud en la educación y su tratamiento normalizado; (3) Un enfoque evolutivo fenomenológico entendido a partir de la teoría evolutiva desde la conciencia donde el nacimiento y la muerte no definen claramente el antes y el después. (4) Un enfoque meditativo vacío de la inexistencia. A partir de ahí, se hace referencia a la meditación para alcanzar la plena conciencia. Pues bien, en esta contribución científica se propone cómo trabajar con aplicar cada uno de estos enfoques en una Didáctica del Terrorismo que tenga un cuenta un enfoque radical e inclusivo. (shrink)

Nowadays decision making is strongly supported by the high-confident point estimations produced by deep learning algorithms. In many activities, they are sufficient for the decision-making process. However, in some other cases, confidence intervals are required too for an appropriate decision-making process. In this work, a first attempt to generate point estimations with confidence intervals for the $^{222}$Rn radiation level time series at Canfranc Underground Laboratory is presented. To predict the low-radiation periods allows correctly scheduling the unshielded periods for maintenance operations (...) in the experiments hosted in this facility. This should minimize the deposition of radioactive dust on the exposed surfaces during these unshielded periods. An approach based on deep learning with stochastic regulation is evaluated in the forecasting of point estimations and confidence intervals of the $^{222}$Rn time series and compared with a second approach based on Gaussian processes. As a consequence of this work, an evaluation of the capacity of Gaussian process and deep learning with stochastic regularization for generating point estimations and their confidence intervals for this time series is stated. (shrink)

This paper attempts to delineate a kind of realism, which incorporates some anti-realistic insights regarding the perspective, situated, and historical character of our forms of knowing and being in the world, and which resonates with the basic tenets of Christian theism. The first part of the paper analyzes the challenges anti-realism poses to Christian theism, particularly regarding the role, which the doctrine of creation played in securing the correspondence theory of truth as well as the fundamental experience of God as (...) the foundation of order and meaning. Using Heidegger’s hermeneutics in the second part, it is shown that epistemic pluralism can be made compatible with realism. Given that this form of hermeneutic realism still has problems with integrating the transcendence of God, as well as his/ her presence and action in the “world,” the notion of continuous co-creation as the basis for a pluralist realism that is amenable to Christian theism is explored in the final part. (shrink)

Should we be allowed to refuse any involvement of artificial intelligence technology in diagnosis and treatment planning? This is the relevant question posed by Ploug and Holm in a recent article in Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. In this article, I adhere to their conclusions, but not necessarily to the rationale that supports them. First, I argue that the idea that we should recognize this right on the basis of a rational interest defence is not plausible, unless we are willing (...) to judge each patient’s ideology or religion. Instead, I consider that the right must be recognized by virtue of values such as social pluralism or individual autonomy. Second, I point out that the scope of such a right should be limited at least under three circumstances: if it is against a physician’s obligation to not cause unnecessary harm to a patient or to not provide futile treatment, in cases where the costs of implementing this right are too high, or if recognizing the right would deprive other patients of their own rights to adequate health care. (shrink)

Crowd behaviour challenges our fundamental understanding of social phenomena. Involving complex interactions between multiple temporal and spatial scales of activity, its governing mechanisms defy conventional analysis. Using 1.5 million Twitter messages from the 15M movement in Spain as an example of multitudinous self-organization, we describe the coordination dynamics of the system measuring phase-locking statistics at different frequencies using wavelet transforms, identifying 8 frequency bands of entrained oscillations between 15 geographical nodes. Then we apply maximum entropy inference methods to describe Ising (...) models capturing transient synchrony in our data at each frequency band. The models show that all frequency bands of the system operate near critical points of their parameter space and while fast frequencies present only a few metastable states displaying all-or-none synchronization, slow frequencies present a diversity of metastable states of partial synchronization. Furthermore, describing the state at each frequency band using the energy of the corresponding Ising model, we compute transfer entropy to characterize cross-scale interactions between frequency bands, showing a cascade of upward information flows in which each frequency band influences its contiguous slower bands and downward information flows where slow frequencies modulate distant fast frequencies. (shrink)

Class, race and gender are three of the most salient factors in society. They determine to an important extent the opportunities we have, e.g. to access public.

The most popular measure of corporate reputation is the ranking of the most admired companies. But what exactly do we admire in people and firms of good reputation? This article is about the ethical dimension of corporate reputation. It integrates the trait approach in personality psychology and philosophical ethics to the study of reputation and related concepts as a way to account for the discontinuities between reputation at the individual and corporate levels under conditions of uncertainty. Through an examination of (...) the distinction between perceptions and grounding of reputation, the article also sheds light on the explanatory power of reputation concepts and critically appraises the possibility of character and organizational virtue. (shrink)

Cet article est consacré à la philosophie henryenne de la religion. Michel Henry a mené un programme philosophique d’une ambition inouïe depuis l’époque de Fichte, inspiré par la méthode husserlienne de l’intuition. Une intuition d’ordre transcendantal, qui opère une réduction de l’ensemble des epistêmai qui encombrent la lumière de chair qu’est la vie subjective individuelle. En parcourant ce chemin, les œuvres formidables de ces phénoménologues critiques de Husserl que furent notamment Heidegger et Merleau-Ponty, ont dû céder à l’élan originel de (...) la méthode telle qu’elle fut premièrement conçue. (shrink)

Carnap described ways to test scientific hypotheses. However, Carnap acknowledged that confirmation can never be definite. This left open the issue about the criteria to accept hypotheses. On the other hand, Wang has developed a computer program working without sufficient knowledge or resources, which makes the action of the program akin to the manner the human mind thinks. Wang’s program includes quantitative indicators that can be assigned to the frequency and the confidence of sentences. The present paper tries to link (...) both approaches. The goal is to show how quantitative indicators such as those in Wang’s program can also be attributed to scientific hypotheses. Those indicators can help make decisions about the acceptance of the hypotheses. All of this allows proposing general characteristics for a possible algorithm to decide whether a particular hypothesis is admissible. (shrink)

Our aim is to cast light on socioeconomic residential segregation effects on life satisfaction. In order to test our hypothesis, we use survey data from Chile for the years 2011 and 2013. We use the Duncan Index to measure segregation based on income at the municipality level for 324 municipalities. LS is obtained from the CASEN survey, which considers a question about self-reported well-being. Segregation’s impact upon LS is not clear at first glance. On one hand, there is evidence telling (...) that segregation’s consequences are negative due to the spatial concentration of poverty and all the woes related to it. On the other hand, segregation would have positive effects because people may feel stress, unhappiness, and alienation when comparing themselves to better-off households. Additionally, there is previous evidence regarding the fact that people prefer to neighbor people of a similar socioeconomic background. Hence, an empirical test is needed. In order to implement it, we should deal with two problems, first, the survey limited statistical significance at the municipal level, hence we use the small area estimation methodology to improve the estimations’ statistic properties, and second, the double causality between segregation and LS; to deal with the latter, we include lagged LS as a regressor. Our findings indicate that socioeconomic segregation has a positive effect on LS. This result is robust to different econometric specifications. (shrink)

Existe-t-il une hypothèse de la servitude volontaire chez Spinoza? En partant des tensions qui naissent de l’apparente contradiction entre une telle hypothèse et l’anthropologie spinoziste, le présent article montre qu’il existe bien chez l’auteur du Traité théologico-politique des conditions politiques qui conduisent à l’inversion du conatus, au point de pousser les hommes à combattre « pour leur servitude comme s’il s’agissait de leur salut ». Spinoza tempère l’hypothèse laboétienne : un individu ou un peuple ne saurait de lui-même désirer la (...) servitude, mais peut y être conduit sous l’effet de l’adoption d’une certaine politique ou institution. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de la crainte favorisée par le régime monarchique. La fondation de la République des Hébreux, après la sortie d’Égypte du peuple juif, pose également la question de la servitude volontaire. La pensée spinoziste, ce faisant, témoigne d’un rationalisme politique inquiet, dont on peut s’inspirer aujourd’hui pour réfléchir sur les « causes extérieures cachées » qui peuvent fragiliser, voire contredire, le désir de liberté. (shrink)

Existe-t-il une hypothèse de la servitude volontaire chez Spinoza? En partant des tensions qui naissent de l’apparente contradiction entre une telle hypothèse et l’anthropologie spinoziste, le présent article montre qu’il existe bien chez l’auteur du Traité théologico-politique des conditions politiques qui conduisent à l’inversion du conatus, au point de pousser les hommes à combattre « pour leur servitude comme s’il s’agissait de leur salut ». Spinoza tempère l’hypothèse laboétienne : un individu ou un peuple ne saurait de lui-même désirer la (...) servitude, mais peut y être conduit sous l’effet de l’adoption d’une certaine politique ou institution. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de la crainte favorisée par le régime monarchique. La fondation de la République des Hébreux, après la sortie d’Égypte du peuple juif, pose également la question de la servitude volontaire. La pensée spinoziste, ce faisant, témoigne d’un rationalisme politique inquiet, dont on peut s’inspirer aujourd’hui pour réfléchir sur les « causes extérieures cachées » qui peuvent fragiliser, voire contredire, le désir de liberté. (shrink)

El trabajo explora ciertos lazos entre el pensamiento kantiano y la propuesta de los intelectuales argentinos durante el período posrevolucionario en lo referido a las herramientas para “salir de la revolución” y construir una nación. Se analizan algunas de las coincidencias entre ambos pensamientos en dos planos: en el de los diagnósticos de la realidad posrevolucionaria y de las dificultades que hay que afrontar para llevarla a buen término y en el de los proyectos diseñados para lograrlo. Se tratan ciertos (...) “tópicos” de la “generación del ‘37" y se destaca su relación (que se reconoce como mediada pero se rescata como genuina y significativa) con el pensamiento kantiano sobre la historia y la política. This paper explores certain bonds between Kantian thinking and the Argentinean intellectuals’ proposal outlined during the post-revolution period, in relation to the means to “get out of the revolution” and build a new nation. Certain coincidences between these two schools of thought are analyzed from two perspectives: one in relation to the diagnoses of the post-revolutionary reality and the difficulties to be overcome in order to succeed; the other, in reference to the projects designed to achieve such goal. Topics relevant to the “‘37 generation” are also discussed, especially in relation to Kantian’s thinking about History and Politics. Such relationship is admittedly mediated but recognized as genuine and significant. (shrink)

El artículo estudia el argumento mítico y religioso del paternalismo político en virtud del cual la sociedad es hija del gobernante, en especial del monarca. Del mismo modo que el rey en tanto Dios crea a la humanidad desde la nada, también el rey en tanto padre se presenta como su engendrador o fundador. El presente análisis tiene una estructura diacrónica que comienza en el estadio mítico-religioso de los pueblos africanos y de la China clásica, atraviesa la Antigüedad grecorromana y (...) el modelo medieval de la familia como modelo de la sociedad, y termina con la teoría política de John Filmer sobre el origen bíblico de la monarquía. (shrink)

Author's summary: I discuss the lessons that scientific realism, understood as a thesis about the metaphysical, epistemological, and semantic interpretation of scientific theories, has to learn from the philosophy of scientific practice. The standard arguments for scientific realism are shown to be incompatible with a practice-based understanding of theories, as they fail short of offering operationally sound concepts of "truth" and "reality. " I propose Hasok Chang's Active Realism (AR) as a solution to this compatibility problem and defend it against (...) common anti-realist arguments. Finally, I hold that AR offers important lessons for discussing the epistemic authority of scientific theories in public discourse: instead of the claims of scientific theories to truth, these discussions should focus on correct and incorrect domains of theory application. (shrink)

Reseña Richard Shusterman (2021). Ars Erotica: Sex and Somaesthetics in the Classical Arts of Love. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

The well-known distinction between access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness has moved away from the conceptual domain into the empirical one, and the debate now is focused on whether the neural mechanisms of cognitive access are constitutive of the neural correlate of phenomenal consciousness. In this paper, I want to analyze the consequences that a negative reply to this question has for the cognitive phenomenology thesis – roughly the claim that there is a “proprietary” phenomenology of thoughts. If the mechanisms responsible (...) for cognitive access can be disentangled from the mechanisms that give rise to phenomenology in the case of perception and emotion, then the same disentanglement is to be expected in the case of thoughts. This, in turn, presents, as I argue, a challenge to the cognitive phenomenology thesis: either there are thoughts with cognitive phenomenology we lack cognitive access to or there are good reasons to doubt that there is such a thing as cognitive phenomenology. I discuss a... (shrink)

This article deals with the reception of phenomenology by Xavier Zubiri, one of the most important figures of 20th century Spanish philosophy. During his lifetime Zubiri published few books, but he left an immense legacy of courses and manuscripts. Among the most important published works is the book Naturaleza, Historia, Dios. Zubiri explains there his critical reception of phenomenology: he subscribes to it, insofar as it is a philosophy of things themselves. But this evaluation of phenomenology is at the same (...) time a farewell to her. Zubiri’s philosophical project consists in giving a reason not for things as objects of consciousness, but rather for their entitary or real structure. Thus, his purpose is to establish a logic of reality or new metaphysics that is at the same time different from the old ontology and whose sources of inspiration are Heidegger and Aristotle. To the author of this essay seems also highly probable that Alfred N. Whitehead influenced decisively certain prominent features of Zubiri’s ontological program. Husserl’s treatment of the theory of wholes and parts in Logical Investigations III pertains also to the intellectual basis of Zubiri. The article raises the question of the traces of phenomenology that are still present in Naturaleza, Historia, Dios, and critically assesses their importance for phenomenological philosophy today. The article shows above all how Zubiri’s perspective vindicates phenomenologically the traditional concept of Man and his experience of religious connection (religatio) with a transcendent Grund. As a consequence, the traditional notions of spiritual reality, eros and agape are given a new meaning. (shrink)

In this essay we discuss recent attempts to analyse the notion of representation, as it is employed in cognitive science, in purely informational terms. In particular, we argue that recent informational theories cannot accommodate the existence of metarepresentations. Since metarepresentations play a central role in the explanation of many cognitive abilities, this is a serious shortcoming of these proposals.

The purpose of this paper is to study Leonardo Polo's conception of the principle of identity. This identity is also called Origin; however, an adequate understanding of that expression requires a careful study of the way man comes to be aware of it.

The strong political portrait of Eduardo Frei Montalva, the Christian-democratic president of Chile between 1964 and 1970 and, before the violent establishment of general Augusto Pinochet dictatorship regime in 1973, leader of democratic opposition, includes, already in his time, a powerful thought about democracy, rule of law, and global citizenship, and about the origin and meaning of history. And his analysis and proposals retain full political and legal validity.

Sobre la base de las Lecciones de Erlangen, se trata de analizar cuál es el procedimiento por el que se construye en la filosofía de Schelling el concepto de libertad. Libertad que, según el Freiheitsschrift, es la capacidad de elegir entre el bien y el mal, no es en el fondo más que el procedimiento por el que el fundamento de la ciencia y el principio de identidad quedan divididos. Esta división no es en cambio una fisura que marca la (...) independencia entre ambos términos, sino que, al contrario, fundamento e identidad guardan una relación de antecedente y de consecuente respectivamente, ocupan dos tareas, dos competencias distintas, y cuyo trabajo conjunto y final es precisamente fruto de la libertad. (shrink)

The question that probably emerges when the title of this work is read is if it is possible to establish any relation between philosophy and a scientific discipline such as molecular biology. The common opinion, shared even by many renowned biologists and philosophers, is that each of these disciplines has got its own without taking into account the results of the other. However, the relation between science and philosophy is nowadays one of the most challenging topics, where philosophers and biologists (...) meet and each other to better understand what life is and how it works. Philosophical concepts such as information, causality, semiotics and function can be seen as instruments for a philosophical approach to biological topics. The aim of this work is to see if, studying a biological example in depth, there are elements that fit with the informational paradigm that is proposed as a philosophical framework. Biology has been considered as a discipline in which objects can be reduced to the laws of physics and chemistry. A different approach can be seen in this work. The philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce can help us to see biological systems as informational systems, where molecules are more than their chemical structure, indeed, the cell can deal with them from a semiotic point of view; that is, treating them as signs that stand for other molecules or processes, allowing the system to canalize all this information to its own benefit. (shrink)

Singer’s much-discussed replaceability argument states that non-self-conscious animals may be killed and replaced by new animals that will lead equally valuable lives. If sound, this argument can be used to justify the cycle of raising and killing animals for food. Thus, many have argued that Singer’s theory, and utilitarianism in general, while committed to this argument, offers inadequate protection to animals. However, some utilitarians reject the argument and Singer himself was rather tentative in preventing its additional application to self-conscious beings. (...) This tension, within utilitarianism, about how to best deal with the argument is the core of what I call ‘the problem of replaceability’. My main goal here is to provide a precise description of this problem. Firstly, I distinguish between the general question of replacement permissibility and the specific question of whether (a certain version of) utilitarianism implies the replaceability argument. Focusing on the specific question I set the problem apart from other known objections to utilitarianism, like the value receptacles objection and some replacement-like difficulties. I also compare two versions of the replaceability argument and advance a better one. Finally, I point out how different interpretations of the argument affect the way out of the problem. I hope this understanding of the problem offers helpful insight to possible solutions and to further investigate its importance to animal food production and animals’ moral status. (shrink)

Reseña de Carlo Ginzburg, _Conversaciones en la biblioteca. Diálogo con Carlo Ginzburg_. Rosario, HyA ediciones, 2019.