Inleidend overzicht van de hoofdstromingen van de westerse filosofie van de presocratici tot heden.

Vlak vóór zijn terechtstelling gaf Sokrates aan zijn leerling Krito de opdracht 'nog een haan te offeren aan Asklepios', de god van de gezondheid. Niet omdat hij door zijn dood van het leven genezen zou zijn, maar omdat een leven in onwaarheid erger zou zijn dan de dood. Maar wat betekent leven in waarheid concreet? Op basis van zijn eigen ervaringen en een intense lectuur van de filosofische klassieken tracht Ludo Abicht die vraag te beantwoorden. Het atheïsme in dit (...) boek is de kinderziekte van het antiklerikalisme ontgroeid; het rationalisme houdt rekening met de realiteit van gevoelens en passies. (shrink)

Politiek-filosofisch pleidooi voor een democratie gedragen door de gewone man.

Inleiding in geschiedenis en oogmerk van de wijsgerige ethiek.

The core questions of philosophy about the origin of the world and people, the distinction between good and evil, and the meaning of life - these questions keep us all busy. In this introduction to philosophy, these three questions lead our journey. You want to understand the world and man. Then you try to acquire an outlook on the proper course of action. Perhaps you especially hope to gain insight into the meaning of your own life. And our society, as (...) well, repeatedly collides with questions of its economic, social, and ecological limits. Again and again, philosophy is the necessary condition for finding answers in a rational manner to the demands for in-sight, outlook, and the search for meaning. This is a fascinating story of more than 2,500 years of thought, where the reader might feel inspired to add his or her own responses to the most important personal and social questions. But also to ask new questions - the point of philosophy. (shrink)

Introduction: Congenital myasthenic syndromes refer to a heterogenic group of neuromuscular transmission disorders. CMS-subtypes are diverse regarding exercise intolerance and muscular weakness, varying from mild symptoms to life-limiting forms with neonatal onset. Long-term follow-up studies on disease progression and treatment-response in pediatric patients are rare.Patients and Methods: We analyzed retrospective clinical and medication data in a cohort of 32 CMS-patients including the application of a standardized, not yet validated test to examine muscular strength and endurance in 21 patients at the (...) last follow-up. Findings obtained in our cohort were compared with long-term follow-up studies of CMS-cohorts from the literature by considering the underlying molecular mechanisms. Outcomes of CMS-ST were compared to results of normal clinical assessment.Results: Thirty-two pediatric patients with defects in eight different CMS-genes were followed by a median time of 12.8 years. Fifty-nine percentage of patients manifested with first symptoms as neonates, 35% as infants. While 53% of patients presented a reduced walking distance, 34% were wheelchair-bound. Even under adequate therapy with pyridostigmine and 3,4-diaminopyridine, CHAT-mutations led to the progression of muscular weakness partly in combination with persistent respiratory and bulbar symptoms. RAPSN, CHRND, and CHRNB1 patients with neonatal manifestation, early respiratory problems, and bulbar symptoms showed a good and maintained treatment response. CHAT and CHRNE patients required higher PS dosages, whereas RAPSN patients needed a lower mean dosage at the last follow-up. The benefits of short-term medication and long-term progression of symptoms were highly dependent on the specific genetic defect. CMS-ST was carried out in 17/21 patients, determined affected muscle groups including bulbar and ocular symptoms, some of which were not reported by the patients.Conclusions: Our findings and comparison with the literature- suggest a better treatment-response and less severe progression of symptoms present in patients suffering from mutations in CMS-genes directly associated with receptor deficiency, while patients with defects leading to synaptopathy and presynaptic defects tend to have worse outcomes. Assessment of affected muscular groups and clinical symptoms by CMS-ST may be a useful tool for optimal therapeutic management of the patients, especially for future clinical studies. (shrink)

Straipsnyje aptariamos vokieèiø filosofo J. H. Abichto , Kanto sekëjo, dirbusio Vilniaus universitete, pagrindinio veikalo „Neues System eines aus der Menschheit entwickelten Naturrechts“ idëjos.Reikðminiai þodþiai: J. H. Abichtas, Kantas, Chr. Wolffas, asmuo, teisë.

Šis straipsnis pateikia rezultatus šaltinių tyrimo, atlikto nagrinėjant vokiečių filosofo bei švietėjo Johanno Heinricho Abichto (1762–1816) mokslinę bei dėstymo veiklą. 1804 m. Abichtas buvo priimtas dirbti Vilniaus universitete. Lietuvos, Lenkijos, Ukrainos ir Vokietijos archyvų tyrimas atskleidė nemažai Abichto akademinės bei dėstymo veiklos Vilniuje faktų, dauguma kurių yra iš laikotarpio, kuomet Jonas Sniadeckis (1756–1830) buvo Vilniaus imperatoriškojo universiteto rektoriumi. Šiame straipsnyje teigiama, kad būtent Abichtas bei jo mokslinė ir dėstymo veikla Vilniuje buvo tiesioginė priežastis Sniadeckiui 1814 m. publikuoti esė „Apie metafiziką“, (...) taip pat paskatinti visų vėlesniųjų Sniadeckio filosofinių raštų atsiradimą. (shrink)

Bondeli delves into Ith’s philosophic production with great detail. Ith delivers a psychologistical interpretation of Kant. In fact, he places the contents of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason before the exposition of the logic itself. He considers Kant’s critical philosophy as a prodeutic, because cognition comes before thinking. As a matter of fact, Ith follows very closely post-Kantian logicians such as Carl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Heinrich Abicht, and Johann Gottfried Carl Christian Kiesewetter. Ith is also the author of an (...) anthropology that shows Kantian influences. Bondeli then considers Ith’s direct disciple and fellow disseminator of Kantian doctrines, Philipp Albert Stapfer, who was the author of a philosophy of history occasioned by the rebirth of the Helvetian Republic in 1797. Connected to Ith and Stapfer is also the question of the contacts that the young Hegel might have had during his stay at Berna and Tschugg in 1793 and 1794. While the question regarding Hegel’s contacts is still open, we know much more about Fichte’s stay in Zürich in the Spring of 1794, when he delivered the lectures of the Wissenschaftslehre nova methodo in the house of Johann Kasper Lavater. In Bern, Fichte was welcomed by his German friend, Jens Baggesen, a Fichtean in philosophy, and from his disciple, Johann Rudolf Steck, also a Fichtean. This is a very learned book. Bondeli provides a very instructive contribution to the understanding of the essence and development of Swiss philosophy.-Riccardo Pozzo, University of Verona. (shrink)