Traditionally the study of chemical elements has been limited to well-known concepts like the periodic properties and chemical families. However, current information shows a new and rich language that allows us to observe relations in the elements that are not limited to their positions in the table. These relations are evident when reactions are represented through networks, as in the case of similar reactivity of organic compounds sharing functional groups. For the past two decades, it has been argued that network (...) reactions may be considered the core of chemistry. This network, which constitutes the basic set of chemical knowledge, provides the basis for classification and delivers routes to obtain new and known substances. In order to provide an example, we constructed and analyzed a network of chemical elements from the formation of stoichiometric binary compounds, providing to the chemistry, a formal structure of extracting the chemical knowledge. Thus, we explored all possible presence of relationships among elements. Concepts like degree centrality and centralization, the relationships among metals, semimetal and nonmetal classes, blocks, and chemical families were analyzed. We observed that the network structure had a small core set of elements of high reactivity and also a peripheral set of elements of low reactivity. The classes, blocks and families show the following increasing order of reactivity: nonmetals > semimetals > metals; p > s > d > f; and families: boron, carbon, pnictogens, chalcogens, halogens, lanthanoids > other families. This example shows, from the network perspective, that the elements and their classifications exhibit properties such as the reactivity, order, and similarity. (shrink)

Revisión del libro Historias detrás de las memorias: Un ejercicio colectivo de historia oral por P. Flier (coord.) y A. Portelli.

El papa Francisco tiene una particular noción de pueblo al cual ha caracterizado, entre otros calificativos, de místico o mítico. En este sentido, recientes trabajos muestran que la noción de pueblo que el Papa maneja y desarrolla en su magisterio tiene su origen en la denominada Teología del Pueblo, doctrina de clara raigambre latinoamericana. Sin embargo, en este trabajo queremos proponer nuevos elementos conceptuales que podrían abonar la hipótesis de que la influencia más remota e indirecta –aunque no de menor (...) peso– del Papa se retrotrae a los desarrollos teóricos de otro Jesuita, Francisco Suárez, quien en el marco de su filosofía política se refirió al pueblo como cuerpo místico. (shrink)

Este artículo considera el tema de las tecnologías de representación de las ruralidades queer en el cine. Las autoras llevan a cabo un análisis pormenorizado de la representación de las disidencias sexuales y de género sostenidas en y a través de espacialidades rurales tomando como objeto de estudio tres piezas fílmicas producidas en el estado español durante las últimas dos décadas, a saber, Ander (2009), 80 Egunean (2010) y Elisa y Marcela (2018). A manera de conclusión, el artículo muestra las (...) tensiones entre dos marcos interpretativos desde los que afrontar los ensamblajes en que se relacionan las ruralidades y las disidencias sexuales y de género. Estos son el enfoque de las ruralidades urbanas que produce epistemologías de carácter identitariamente fuerte, y el enfoque de las ruralidades queer que permite leer las representaciones tomadas en cuenta como figuraciones posidentitarias y subversivas de la disidencia. (shrink)

Currently, the concept of engagement is crucial in the field of learning and school achievement. It is a multidimensional concept (e.g., behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions) that has been widely used as a theoretical framework to explain the processes of school engagement and dropout. However, this conceptual framework has been scarcely used in the field of homework. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of intrinsic motivation, perceived homework utility, and personal homework attitude as precursors of (...) student homework engagement (behavioral engagement) and, at the same time, how such engagement is the precursor of academic achievement. Seven hundred and thirty students of Compulsory Secondary Education (7th to 10th grade) from fourteen schools northern Spain participated. A structural equation model was elaborated on which intrinsic motivation, perceived utility and attitude were observed variables, and student engagement (time spent on homework, time management, and amount of teacher-assigned homework done) and academic achievement (Mathematics, Spanish Language, English Language, Social Science) were latent variables. The results reveal that (i) intrinsic motivation is a powerful precursor of student behavioral engagement (also perceived utility and attitude, although to a lesser extent) and (ii) academic achievement is closely linked to the level of student engagement, qualifying the results of many of the previous studies conducted from a task-centered perspective (as opposed to a person-centered perspective). (shrink)

Graphical AbstractIdentifying the properties and molecules of the intestinal microbiome may help our understanding of various diseases and therefore facilitate their treatment; from excluding pathogens to manipulation of the immune system and regulation of non-intestinal sites.

How does microbiota research impact our understanding of biological individuality? We summarize the interdisciplinary summer school on "Microbiota, Symbiosis and Individuality: Conceptual and Philosophical Issues" (July 2019), which was supported by a European Research Council starting grant project "Immunity, DEvelopment, and the Microbiota" (IDEM). The summer school centered around interdisciplinary group work on four facets of microbiota research: holobionts, individuality, causation, and human health. The conceptual discussion of cutting-edge empirical research provided new insights into microbiota and highlights the value of (...) incorporating into meetings experts from other disciplines, such as philosophy and history of science. (shrink)

The aim of this study was to carry out a psychosocial analysis of child-to-parent violence (CPV) in a sample of school adolescents, considering a set of individual variables (psychological distress, problematic use of social networking sites, and perceived non-conformist social reputation) and family variables (open and problematic communication with parents) according to sex. The sample consisted of 3,731 adolescents (54% boys), aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 14.6 years, SD = 0.567), from the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. (...) The scores of the boys and girls were analyzed to check for differences. Also, correlations between all the study variables were calculated. Finally, a multiple stepwise regression analysis was carried out for the total sample and also for boys and girls separately. Results confirmed the important role of individual variables as predictors of CPV in boys and girls. The main difference between boys and girls was observed in the predictive weight of problematic use of social networking sites, which was higher in girls than in boys. Open communication with the father was a significant factor for predicting the decrease of CPV levels in the case of boys, while open communication with the mother predicted the decrease of CPV in girls. Problematic communication with the mother showed similar values in boys and girls when predicting CPV, however, the predictive weight of problematic communication with the father was higher in girls than in boys. These results are interesting and have important implications for the prevention of CPV. (shrink)

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been considered as a measure of heart-brain interaction and autonomic modulation, and it is modified by cognitive and attentional tasks. In cognitive tasks, HRV was reduced in participants who achieved worse results. This could indicate the possibility of HRV predicting cognitive performance, but this association is still unclear in a high cognitive load sport such as chess Objective: To analyse modifications on HRV and subjective perception of stress, difficulty and complexity in different chess problem (...) tasks. Design: HRV was assessed at baseline. During the chess problems, HRV was also monitored, and immediately after chess problems the subjective stress, difficulty and complexity were also registered. Method: A total of 16 male chess players, age: 35.19 (13.44) and ELO: 1927.69 (167.78) were analysed while six chess problem solving tasks with different level of difficulty were conducted (two low level, two medium level and two high level chess problems). Participants were classified according to their results into two groups: high performance or low performance. Results: Friedman test showed a significant effect of tasks in HRV indexes and perceived difficulty, stress and complexity in both high and low performance groups. A decrease in HRV was observed in both groups when chess problems difficulty increased. In addition, HRV was significantly higher in the high performance group than in the low performance group during chess problems. Conclusions: An increase in autonomic modulation was observed to meet the cognitive demands of the problems, being higher while the difficulty of the tasks increased. Non-linear HRV indexes seem to be more reactive to tasks difficulty, being an interesting and useful tool in chess training. (shrink)

En el artículo se ofrece un análisis crítico de la misión como inculturación del Evangelio, desde una perspectiva filosófico-teológica. Para comenzar, se exponen las deficiencias de la evangelización colonizadora en América. Posteriormente, se proponen dos posibles sentidos de la plantatio ecclesiae como meta de la misión. En tercer lugar, se esclarece la manera en la que se entiende la relación entre Evangelio y cultura en la Nueva Evangelización. La tesis por demostrar es que el principal problema al que está expuesta (...) la inculturación del Evangelio es la idolatría. (shrink)

Training citizens capable of guiding their lives and at the same time being socially active seems to be one of the primary objectives that, from the different educational stages, they want to achieve. Learning some principles that guide the behavior of students is not an easy task and requires taking into account different aspects, both personal and social, however, achieving this goal is a fundamental achievement for the subject that will have an impact on their professional future. An educational proposal (...) is made to work on values, understanding that it is a model that we consider favors the training of students in all its dimensions. (shrink)

La resiliencia, o adaptación exitosa lograda por un individuo a pesar de haber pasado por situaciones muy adversas o traumáticas durante su infancia, se ha convertido en los últimos años en un concepto de gran importancia tanto en el campo de la salud mental como en el de las drogodependencias. Comprender cómo estas personas logran un nivel de funcionamiento normal, sin desarrollar problemas personales o psicopatológicos en su adolescencia o adultez, es de gran relevancia para la prevención como para el (...) tratamiento de distintos trastornos. (shrink)

Experiencia educativa sobre el IES Jovellanos en Gijón España.

La técnica no es un fenómeno más de nuestra época, sino que ha llegado a convertirse en la figura metafísica que la define. El estudio analiza el alcance de esta tesis planteada por Jaspers y Heidegger. Para ello ofrecemos, en un primer momento, una tematización del elemento innovador que caracteriza a la técnica moderna respecto de épocas anteriores, atendiendo especialmente a su carácter totalizador y a la inversión antropológica que supone. A continuación, discutiremos algunas de las consecuencias antropológicas del estatuto (...) ontológico de la técnica. Un fenómeno sin precedentes en la historia de la humanidad, por cuanto la técnica ha dejado de ser un medio o instrumento al servicio de las necesidades y fines humanos para convertirse en un fenómeno capaz de producirlos, estableciendo posibilidades de sentido. Una inversión onto-antropológica que provoca una alienación de la existencia misma. (shrink)

Dos místicos relativamente contemporáneos: Etty Hillesum y Benjamín González Buelta; dos estilos, dos contextos y una coincidencia establecida desde sus experiencias espirituales, en profunda conexión con la realidad, en medio de la vida y sus desafíos. Hillesum no habla propiamente de la experiencia mística, sin embargo, su proceso personal existencial en el duro contexto de guerra que le tocó vivir, la condujo a descubrirse profundamente habitada. Su experiencia de Dios le hizo posible comprender y gestionar el dolor en medio de (...) la guerra, así como la necesidad de ‘hacerse bálsamo sobre las heridas’ de sus hermanos judíos. Etty es una mística de ojos abiertos. Benjamín González Buelta ha profundizado en la comprensión de la mística, describiéndola y analizándola desde la experiencia de Dios en el contexto latinoamericano. Su reflexión permite hoy leer a Etty Hillesum desde la perspectiva del místico de ojos abiertos. (shrink)

Este artículo se pregunta qué se conmemorará realmente en el 40° aniversario de la guerra de Malvinas (1982-2022), contrastando las modalidades de recordación pública que tendrán lugar en 2022 y las lecturas que ha aportado la academia sobre lo sucedido en aquel entonces. La reflexión elabora comparativamente estos significados y describe qué hemos hecho los investigadores argentinos en ciencias sociales con el conflicto armado anglo-argentino por las Malvinas e Islas del Atlántico Sur, examina los fundamentos que subyacen a esos significados (...) y sostiene la tesis de que los académicos universitarios hemos ignorado el carácter bélico de la iniciativa de la tercera junta de la última dictadura militar, el autodenominado Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976-1983). Así, este artículo muestra que los protagonistas directos de la guerra y sus analistas postulan sentidos alternativos que se reelaboran como una paradoja de difícil comprensión: una causa popular originada en una cuestión de soberanía territorial pendiente fue acometida, con éxito y respaldo popular, por una ya antipopular y sangrienta dictadura militar. (shrink)

El análisis pretende acercarse a las cuestiones que se derivan del reconocimiento de la educación como un componente clave de la reconversión productiva de las ciudades. La construcción local de prioridades educativas constituye, a nuestro juicio, unos de los territorios en los que hemos de problematizar los modos en que es tematizada la reconversión de la ciudad de rango medio en el discurso social de Olavarría, Argentina. Para ello se procura dar cuenta de aquellos factores estructurales que contribuyen a la (...) emergencia de nuevos actores, nuevos discursos y nuevos significados al tiempo que abrevan en el pasado, lo redefinen y resignifican. (shrink)

En el ámbito de la situación presente de crisis de lo humano, así como de la efusión actual del fenómeno místico, esta reflexión se aproxima a la experiencia mística contemporánea a través de uno de sus testigos: Etty Hillesum. El acercamiento a la trama narrativa de su diario hizo posible que el decir del ser, el decir sobre lo humano en la experiencia mística se abriera paso a través de un ejercicio hermenéutico existencial con la mediación del relato. El asunto (...) central consistió en buscar en la experiencia mística la raíz y expresiones de su fuerza humanizadora. En este sentido, a partir de una aproximación a ‘lo humano’ desde las categorías: interioridad, actitud teologal y alteridad, la reflexión abrió el paso a la consideración sobre la experiencia mística y su conexión con ‘lo humano’ que busca humanidad. Asunto éste que hizo posible plantear algunas perspectivas que contribuyan a explicitar el potencial humanizador de la Experiencia Mística hoy. ln the ambit of the present situation of the crisis of the 'human', as well as of the current outpouring of the mystic phenomenon, this reflection approaches contemporary mystical experience by one of its witnesses: Etty Hillesum. The approach to the narrative of her diary made it possible to soy of the "being", which is to say about the human in the mystical experience would open a way through a hermeneutic existential exercise with the mediation of the story. The main issue consisted of searching in the mystical experience, the root and expressions of its humanizing force. In this sense, from an approximation to the 'human' from the categories: interiority, theological attitude and otherness, the reflection opened the way for consideration on the mystical experience and its connection with the 'human' which seeks its humanity. This matter which made it possible to set out some perspectives that contribute to make explicit the humanizing potential of the Mystical Experience today. (shrink)

In gender studies on nineteenth century Argentine literature, a woman writer has been vindicated: Juana Manuela Gorriti. Considered a succesful intellectual because she was the first who entered the literary market, she is faced to another contemporary intelectual figure, Juana Manso. Novelist, teacher and politically close to Sarmiento´s ideas, Manso was insulted by the most conservative sectors of bourgeoisie. Despite Gorriti, in the contemporary feminist analysis Manso is seen like an unsuccessful intelectual. This essay tries to explain the unlike luck (...) of both, in past an present, taking in consideration political differences between them. (shrink)

Blind, deaf, and mute: the healthcare system regarding conscientious objection to abortion Resumen: A la luz de la obra de Fernando Broncano, Conocimiento expropiado (2020), este trabajo plantea la objeción de conciencia generalizada al aborto como un fenómeno que origina situaciones de injusticia epistémica. El acceso a la información, el disvalor del testimonio de las mujeres y el silencio cómplice, individual e institucional, perpetuador de la ignorancia sistémica son realidades que afectan a un número indeterminado de mujeres que requiere la (...) interrupción de su embarazo. Para hacer frente al daño generado, se plantea cómo las redes y movimientos pro-elección distribuyen información y recursos sobre el aborto fuera del ámbito clínico y se organizan como fuerzas de resistencia epistémica, capaces de crear y compartir conocimiento en un ejercicio de democracia radical, en el sentido expresado por Broncano. Abstract: In accordance with Fernando Broncano’s work, Conocimiento expropiado (2020), this paper considers the widespread conscientious objection to abortion as a phenomenon that creates situations of epistemic injustice. Access to information, devaluation of women’s testimony, as well as individual and institutional complicit silence that perpetuates systemic ignorance, are realities that affect an indeterminate number of women who require the termination of their pregnancies. In order to address the damage generated, we consider how pro-choice networks and movements distribute information and resources on abortion outside the clinical sphere. They also organise themselves as forces of epistemic resistance, capable of creating and sharing knowledge in an exercise of radical democracy, in the sense expressed by Broncano. Palabras clave: Objeción de conciencia, aborto, injusticia epistémica, ignorancia institucional, resistencia epistémica. Keywords: Conscientious objection, abortion, epistemic injustice, institutional ignorance, epistemic resistance. (shrink)