The predominant trends in the European prison system are population growth and overcrowding of correctional facilities. Recently, the level of criminal offences in Lithuania has been gradually increasing. Current statistics on repeated criminal offences and forecasts of recidivating crime are also pessimistic. The large number of convicts, the negative impact of isolation, the absence of a progressive correction system, the inadequacy of existing correctional measures, and the largely formal activity of penal institutions exacerbate the problems of ineffective resocialization of (...) convicts and resulting recidivism. Thus, the situation demands an examination of effective methods for the elimination of the above detriments. The article emphasizes the need for an essential modernization of the system of resocialization of convicts in Lithuania by transforming formal measures into real ones directed at the reform of behaviour and thinking. The article discusses new corrective measures widely used across the European Union and other countries, such as evaluation of individual risk for repeated criminal offence and implementation of appropriate behaviour-correction programmes on the basis of clearly defined criteria of effectiveness. Unfortunately such measures have not been implemented in Lithuania, either de jure or de facto. (shrink)

Since the late 1980s, social scientists have argued that advanced economies have undergone a process of financial concentration that is resulting in a growing unevenness of the accessibility of capital. Households, small and medium-sized businesses as well as non-standard economic activities have increasing difficulties in finding funds. There are both sound economic and compelling moral reasons to address this issue. In order to ensure a more equal accessibility of capital, the author proposes a mandatory levy on the surpluses of mainstream (...) pension funds to fund an alternative financial infrastructure as a first step to redressing unevenness. The underlying rationale is that “financial pluralism” is the key to a more even accessibility of capital. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza críticamente la caracterización del comunitarismo (Michael Walzer y Amitai Etzioni) respecto de los problemas de desintegración social de las sociedades post-industriales (diagnóstico social) y las categorías propuestas (tolerancia, solidaridad y resocialización moral) para solucionar dichos problemas y sus consecuencias (apatía ciudadana, desinterés por los asuntos públicos, falta de compromiso social, criminalidad, vandalismo, etc.) El análisis se centra en el carácter funcional que asume el modelo de integración social comunitarista y en los problemas que presentan los fundamentos de (...) ese modelo (solidaridad y tolerancia). (shrink)

Extended Reality (XR) systems, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), provide a digital simulation either of a complete environment, or of particular objects within the real world. Today, XR is used in a wide variety of settings, including gaming, design, engineering, and the military. In addition, XR has been introduced into psychology, cognitive sciences and biomedicine for both basic research as well as diagnosing or treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the context of XR, the simulated ‘reality’ (...) can be controlled and people may safely learn to cope with their feelings and behavior. XR also enables to simulate environments that cannot easily be accessed or created otherwise. Therefore, Extended Reality systems are thought to be a promising tool in the resocialization of criminal offenders, more specifically for purposes of risk assessment and treatment of forensic patients. Employing XR in forensic settings raises ethical and legal intricacies which are not raised in case of most other healthcare applications. Whereas a variety of normative issues of XR have been discussed in the context of medicine and consumer usage, the debate on XR in forensic settings is, as yet, straggling. By discussing two general arguments in favor of employing XR in criminal justice, and two arguments calling for caution in this regard, the present paper aims to broaden the current ethical and legal debate on XR applications to their use in the resocialization of criminal offenders, mainly focusing on forensic patients. (shrink)

Stakeholder consultation is part of the democratic process, embraces respect for persons, and is necessary for upholding the principle of justice. People are more likely to uphold standards they have participated in setting, so stakeholder consultation encourages adherence to societal and institutional standards as these evolve. Stakeholder consultation is also responsive to the call to “resocialize” ethics by contextualizing dilemmas and involving the destitute in choices about their healthcare. In resource-poor settings, such consultation promotes local “ownership” of, and leadership within, (...) development programs, which enhances effectiveness and sustainability. Stakeholder consultation is, therefore, a form of capacity building. To succeed, it must be responsive to regional, national, and individual constraints, including socioeconomic, cultural, and political ones. Several such constraints impact on the demand for, and availability of, palliative healthcare in the Caribbean. (shrink)

This article analyses the evolution of penalties from Michel Foucault’s philosophy, verifying the departure of torture and giving rise to a disciplinary model. The aim is to find out the forms of power that society has exerted over the 19th century and the transition to ‘biopower’, where the purpose is to control all of society. In Brazil, the shift towards a punitive model becomes evident with the redemocratization that followed the National Constitution of 1988, which recognized the dignity of the (...) human person as the right to be upheld. In this context, the following question arises: Does the common Brazilian penitentiary system serve its corrective purpose? Is there a more effective way to deal with convicts, in terms of reducing recidivism rates? Mario Ottoboni founded the Association for the Protection and Assistance of Convicts (APAC). The present study proposes a study by APAC to answer these questions. APAC is an innovative institution that aims to fulfill the resocializing function of a sentence. This is a possible path for social reintegration. This study employed a deductive approach and was conducted using bibliographical research. (shrink)

This papers analyzes the communitarian project of social integration exposed in the Walzer and Etzioni's work as a possible answer to the disintegration of social bonds in the advanced societies . It deals with the notions of tolerance, solidarity and moral resocialization of the citizenship. In this sense, some considerations are made about the functional character deduced of this communitarian model of social integration and show the extent and limits of this model .Este trabajo analiza críticamente la caracterización del (...) comunitarismo respecto de los problemas de desintegración social de las sociedades post-industriales y las categorías propuestas para solucionar dichos problemas y sus consecuencias El análisis se centra en el carácter funcional que asume el modelo de integración social comunitarista y en los problemas que presentan los fundamentos de ese modelo. (shrink)

My response to Paul C. Taylor’s “Black Reconstruction in Aesthetics” follows his example in engaging different disciplinary and thematic contexts. I start with an account of a scene in the 2018 movie Black Panther and explore its relevance to recent discussions about the restitution of African art objects. I then attend to some productive similarities between Taylor’s intervention into contemporary aesthetics and a prominent argument in favour of restitution. I finish by suggesting that the reconstruction Taylor calls for can be (...) achieved only if philosophers resocialize along a renewed commitment to engage Black aesthetics and Black lives in all their richness and importance. (shrink)

Jon Sobrino and Jean-Marc Éla provide unique contributions for theological ethics in reflecting suffering as mystery of evil (mysterium iniquitatis) and suffering as the driving force for liberation (mysterium salutis). As a proponent of liberation theology, Sobrino focuses on structural problem of evil. In this regard, Éla gives his unique voice by analyzing suffering from its socio-cultural perspectives. Putting Sobrino and Éla in dialog shows the need for interdisciplinary approach in doing theological ethics. This interdisciplinary reflection on suffering on the (...) one hand will bring a more holistic view on the complexity of the problem of suffering. On the other hand, it brings a more contextual understanding on the meaning of discipleship in a violent world. Keywords: Saffering, evil, liberation, resocialization, structural & socio- cultural approach, discipleship. Abstrak: Jon Sobrino dan Jean-Marc Éla memberikan sumbangan yang khas bagi refleksi teologis etis tentang kompleksitas problem penderitaan sebagai misteri kejahatan (mysterium iniquitatis) namun sekaligus menawarkan daya dorong bagi kesetiaan menapaki jalan pembebasan (mysterium salutis). Sobrino yang menekankan analisa struktural atas kejahatan membutuhkan analisa sosio-kultural dari Éla sehingga aneka upaya “memberi nama” dan melawan problem kejahatan mendapatkan pijakannya pada praktik-praktik kultural dalam komunitas lokal. Dialog Sobrino dan Éla juga menunjukkan bahwa teologi mesti membuka diri pada kajian interdisipliner dengan ilmu lain sehingga, di satu sisi, misteri penderitaan dapat didekati secara lebih utuh dan, di sisi lain, jalan kemuridan yang muncul karena tanggapan atasnya menjadi lebih kontekstual. Kata-kata kunci: Penderitaan, kejahatan, pembebasan, resosialisasi, pendekatan struktural, pendekatan sosio-kultural, kemuridan. (shrink)

Karl Friedrich Christian Krause’s concept of penal law, though little noticed in Germany, can be regarded as almost revolutionary for its time, as it assumes that public law is not only – negatively – intended to delimit and guarantee the citizens’ spheres of freedom. Rather, the law should also promote the welfare of the citizenry. As a result, Krause’s considerations of penal law do not focus on law enforcement alone, but just as much on the resocialization of both the (...) offender and the victim. In contrast to utilitarian positions, the perpetrator must not be instrumentalized for the benefit of society, e. g. for preventative purposes; rather, the offender has a subjective right to be rehabilitated. Correspondingly, the victim has a right to compensation on the part of the state inasmuch as the offender’s means prove insufficient. (shrink)

There is a vast literature on the meanings of legal penalties. However, we lack a theory that explains them according to the formation of the modern state. Oakeshott's theory can help explain this phenomenon, leading to an attempt of the individual to take over as many powers of the state as possible. Thus, Kant's and Smith's retributivism is the most consistent of all those theories. Nevertheless, the preventive and resocializing theory of Bentham succeeded eventually. But is this a liberal theory? (...) We contrast the explanations of H.L.A. Hart and Frederick Rosen in order to lay the groundwork for a liberal theory of the meaning of legal sanctions. (shrink)

This article is an offshoot of a research project on lesbian and gay self-organization in the UK's public sector union UNISON. The site upon which lesbians and gay men ‘work together’ is a complex and contradictory one, located at the juncture of several pathways – women's and men's movements, gendered politics and sexual politics, purist ghettos and queer rainbows. The UNISON group furnishes an ideal site for a case-study of sexual and gendered dynamics in lesbian-and-gay politics by dint of institutional (...) arrangements whereby separate spaces for lesbians and gay men respectively encourage reflexivity in working through these hyphens. While reflections from the lesbian feminist mirror have been active ingredients in the ongoing resocialization of gay men, it is argued that reflections from a gay male mirror will also be necessary if we are to nurture greater wisdom and justice in gender relations. Since the lesbian and gay group co-exists with other self-organized groups for women, black people and disabled people within a broader pro-socialist movement, the potential for working across other sets of differences is also noteworthy. Nevertheless, it can be demonstrated that a sustained coalition between lesbians and gay men is not sufficient in bringing about coalitions with other oppressed minorities or majorities, and may even be at loggerheads with them. (shrink)

Despite a growing interest in research on spiritual formation, prior studies have not discussed the role of leadership in the formation of Christian character. This article seeks to fill this void by addressing how 1 Thessalonians in general, and 2:1–12 in particular, show Paul's goal and method of leadership for community formation. Written as a letter of friendship to a persecuted church, Paul draws attention to his prior visit in the city as a plumb line for Christian behavior and leadership. (...) As such, the letter contributes to the resocialization of Paul's recent converts, stressing the relationship with himself as well as with each other amidst a hostile environment. The study concludes that Paul's leadership is Christocentric in nature, having modeling, adaptability, and relationships as central components. (shrink)

La investigación pretende implementar una propuesta de intervención psicológica que fortalezca las estrategias de afrontamiento y habilidades sociales de las personas privadas de la libertad [PPL], internas en el complejo penitenciario y carcelario de Jamundí, que aporte al proceso de resocialización y prevención de conductas disruptivas y suicidas en el marco del programa institucional INPEC “Preservación de la vida”. La metodología cuenta con un enfoque mixto, diseño explicativo secuencial, alcance explicativo – exploratorio de corte transversal. La muestra: conformada por 80 (...) PPL seleccionada por conveniencia. Resultados esperados: Fortalecimiento estrategias de afrontamiento y habilidades para la vida, disminución de conductas disruptivas. (shrink)

Cet article explore la possibilité de contrer dans la théorie et dans la pratique le mouvement qui a conduit au triomphe des thèses néolibérales, à savoir le mouvement d’abstraction de la science économique hors du domaine des sciences sociales, et les conséquences de ce mouvement : la critique du concept même de social, la promotion systématique, dans la théorie, de points de vue désocialisés et strictement individualistes et, dans la pratique, des principes de concurrence dite libre. C’est contre cela que (...) l’on propose ici d’ouvrir la voie d’une resocialisation de l’économie. (shrink)