56 found
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  1.  75
    Minding Rights: Mapping Ethical and Legal Foundations of ‘Neurorights’.Sjors Ligthart, Marcello Ienca, Gerben Meynen, Fruzsina Molnar-Gabor, Roberto Andorno, Christoph Bublitz, Paul Catley, Lisa Claydon, Thomas Douglas, Nita Farahany, Joseph J. Fins, Sara Goering, Pim Haselager, Fabrice Jotterand, Andrea Lavazza, Allan McCay, Abel Wajnerman Paz, Stephen Rainey, Jesper Ryberg & Philipp Kellmeyer - 2023 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 32 (4):461-481.
    The rise of neurotechnologies, especially in combination with artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods for brain data analytics, has given rise to concerns around the protection of mental privacy, mental integrity and cognitive liberty – often framed as “neurorights” in ethical, legal, and policy discussions. Several states are now looking at including neurorights into their constitutional legal frameworks, and international institutions and organizations, such as UNESCO and the Council of Europe, are taking an active interest in developing international policy and governance guidelines (...)
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  2.  28
    Is Virtually Everything Possible? The Relevance of Ethics and Human Rights for Introducing Extended Reality in Forensic Psychiatry.Sjors Ligthart, Gerben Meynen, Nikola Biller-Andorno, Tijs Kooijmans & Philipp Kellmeyer - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 13 (3):144-157.
    Extended Reality (XR) systems, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), provide a digital simulation either of a complete environment, or of particular objects within the real world. Today, XR is used in a wide variety of settings, including gaming, design, engineering, and the military. In addition, XR has been introduced into psychology, cognitive sciences and biomedicine for both basic research as well as diagnosing or treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the context of XR, the simulated ‘reality’ (...)
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  3.  31
    Forensic Brain-Reading and Mental Privacy in European Human Rights Law: Foundations and Challenges.Sjors Ligthart, Thomas Douglas, Christoph Bublitz, Tijs Kooijmans & Gerben Meynen - 2020 - Neuroethics 14 (2):191-203.
    A central question in the current neurolegal and neuroethical literature is how brain-reading technologies could contribute to criminal justice. Some of these technologies have already been deployed within different criminal justice systems in Europe, including Slovenia, Italy, England and Wales, and the Netherlands, typically to determine guilt, legal responsibility, or recidivism risk. In this regard, the question arises whether brain-reading could permissibly be used against the person's will. To provide adequate legal protection from such non-consensual brain-reading in the European legal (...)
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  4. Closed-Loop Brain Devices in Offender Rehabilitation: Autonomy, Human Rights, and Accountability.Sjors Ligthart, Tijs Kooijmans, Thomas Douglas & Gerben Meynen - 2021 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30 (4):669-680.
    The current debate on closed-loop brain devices (CBDs) focuses on their use in a medical context; possible criminal justice applications have not received scholarly attention. Unlike in medicine, in criminal justice, CBDs might be offered on behalf of the State and for the purpose of protecting security, rather than realising healthcare aims. It would be possible to deploy CBDs in the rehabilitation of convicted offenders, similarly to the much-debated possibility of employing other brain interventions in this context. Although such use (...)
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  5. Informed consent instead of assent is appropriate in children from the age of twelve: Policy implications of new findings on children’s competence to consent to clinical research.Irma M. Hein, Martine C. De Vries, Pieter W. Troost, Gerben Meynen, Johannes B. Van Goudoever & Ramón J. L. Lindauer - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):1-7.
    BackgroundFor many decades, the debate on children’s competence to give informed consent in medical settings concentrated on ethical and legal aspects, with little empirical underpinnings. Recently, data from empirical research became available to advance the discussion. It was shown that children’s competence to consent to clinical research could be accurately assessed by the modified MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research. Age limits for children to be deemed competent to decide on research participation have been studied: generally children of 11.2 (...)
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  6.  46
    Ethical Issues to Consider Before Introducing Neurotechnological Thought Apprehension in Psychiatry.Gerben Meynen - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 10 (1):5-14.
    When it becomes available, neuroscience-based apprehension of subjective thoughts is bound to have a profound impact on several areas of society. One of these areas is medicine. In principle, medical specialties that are primarily concerned with mind and brain are most likely to apply neurotechnological thought apprehension (NTA) techniques. Psychiatry is such a specialty, and the relevance of NTA developments for psychiatry has been recognized. In this article, I discuss ethical issues regarding the use of NTA techniques in psychiatric contexts. (...)
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  7.  36
    Legal Insanity: Explorations in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics.Gerben Meynen - 2016 - Cham: Springer Verlag.
    This book examines core issues related to legal insanity, integrating perspectives from psychiatry, law, and ethics. Various criteria for insanity are analyzed and recommendations for forensic psychiatric and legal practice are offered. Many legal systems have an insanity defense, in one form or another. Still, it remains unclear exactly when and why mental disorders affect a person’s moral or criminal responsibility. Questions addressed in this book include: Why should insanity be a component of our legal system? What should be the (...)
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  8.  49
    Nissenbaum and Neurorights: The Jury is Still Out.Nina F. de Groot, Vera Tesink & Gerben Meynen - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 15 (2):136-138.
    In their interesting paper, Susser and Cabrera (2024) apply the contextual integrity framework to brain data and mental privacy. This framework, developed by Nissenbaum (2009) and rooted in digital...
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  9.  50
    Right to mental integrity and neurotechnologies: implications of the extended mind thesis.Vera Tesink, Thomas Douglas, Lisa Forsberg, Sjors Ligthart & Gerben Meynen - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (10):656-663.
    The possibility of neurotechnological interference with our brain and mind raises questions about the moral rights that would protect against the (mis)use of these technologies. One such moral right that has received recent attention is the right to mental integrity. Though the metaphysical boundaries of the mind are a matter of live debate, most defences of this moral right seem to assume an internalist (brain-based) view of the mind. In this article, we will examine what an extended account of the (...)
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  10.  74
    The insanity defence without mental illness? Some considerations.Luca Malatesti, Marko Jurjako & Gerben Meynen - 2020 - International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 71.
    In this paper we aim to offer a balanced argument to motivate (re)thinking about the mental illness clause within the insanity defence. This is the clause that states that mental illness should have a relevant causal or explanatory role for the presence of the incapacities or limited capacities that are covered by this defence. We offer three main considerations showing the important legal and epistemological roles that the mental illness clause plays in the evaluation of legal responsibility. Although we acknowledge (...)
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  11.  33
    Commercial DNA tests and police investigations: a broad bioethical perspective.Nina F. de Groot, Britta C. van Beers & Gerben Meynen - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):788-795.
    Over 30 million people worldwide have taken a commercial at-home DNA test, because they were interested in their genetic ancestry, disease predisposition or inherited traits. Yet, these consumer DNA data are also increasingly used for a very different purpose: to identify suspects in criminal investigations. By matching a suspect’s DNA with DNA from a suspect’s distant relatives who have taken a commercial at-home DNA test, law enforcement can zero in on a perpetrator. Such forensic use of consumer DNA data has (...)
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  12.  79
    Moral Progress: an Introduction.Albert W. Musschenga & Gerben Meynen - 2017 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 20 (1):3-15.
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  13.  51
    Competence in chronic mental illness: the relevance of practical wisdom.Guy A. M. Widdershoven, Andrea Ruissen, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom & Gerben Meynen - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (6):374-378.
  14.  21
    Neuroscience-based Psychiatric Assessments of Criminal Responsibility: Beyond Self-Report?Gerben Meynen - 2020 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 29 (3):446-458.
    Many legal systems have an insanity defense, which means that although a person has committed a crime, she is not held criminally responsible for the act. A challenge with regard to these assessments is that forensic psychiatrists have to rely to a considerable extent on the defendant's self-report. Could neuroscience be a way to make these evaluations more objective? The current value of neuroimaging in insanity assessments will be examined. The author argues that neuroscience can be valuable for diagnosing neurological (...)
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  15. Neurolaw: Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law. Review Essay.Gerben Meynen - 2014 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 17 (4):819-829.
    Neurolaw is a new, rapidly developing area of interdisciplinary research on the meaning and implications of neuroscience for the law and legal practices. In this article three recently published volumes in this field will be reviewed.
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  16.  82
    Reduced Self-Control after 3 Months of Imprisonment; A Pilot Study.Jesse Meijers, Joke M. Harte, Gerben Meynen, Pim Cuijpers & Erik J. A. Scherder - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
  17.  30
    The Normative Evaluation of Neurointerventions in Criminal Justice: From Invasiveness to Human Rights.Sjors Ligthart, Vera Tesink, Thomas Douglas, Lisa Forsberg & Gerben Meynen - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 14 (1):23-25.
    Medical interventions are usually categorized as “invasive” when they involve piercing the skin or inserting an object into the body. However, the findings of Bluhm and collaborators (2023) (hencef...
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  18.  38
    Accessing medical biobanks to solve crimes: ethical considerations.Nina F. de Groot, Britta C. van Beers, Lieven Decock & Gerben Meynen - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (7):502-509.
    Millions of human biological samples are stored worldwide for medical research or treatment purposes. These biospecimens are of enormous potential value to law enforcement as DNA profiles can be obtained from these samples. However, forensic use of such biospecimens raises a number of ethical questions. This article aims to explore ethical issues of using human bodily material in medical biobanks for crime investigation and prosecution purposes. Concerns about confidentiality, trust, autonomy and justice will be discussed. We explore how to balance (...)
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  19.  29
    Ethical Dilemmas in the Practice of DBS.Guy Widdershoven, Gerben Meynen, Laura Hartman & Damiaan Denys - 2014 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 5 (4):83-85.
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  20. The various faces of vulnerability: offering neurointerventions to criminal offenders.Sjors Ligthart, Emma Dore-Horgan & Gerben Meynen - 2023 - Journal of Law and the Biosciences 10 (1).
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  21.  36
    Autonomy in Predictive Brain Implants: The Importance of Embodiment and Dialogue.Guy A. M. Widdershoven, Gerben Meynen & Damiaan Denys - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 6 (4):16-18.
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  22.  37
    Nocebo and Informed Consent in the Internet Era.Gerben Meynen, Dick F. Swaab & Guy Widdershoven - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (3):31-33.
    The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 3, Page 31-33, March 2012.
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  23. Free will and mental disorder: Exploring the relationship.Gerben Meynen - 2010 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 31 (6):429-443.
    A link between mental disorder and freedom is clearly present in the introduction of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). It mentions “an important loss of freedom” as one of the possible defining features of mental disorder. Meanwhile, it remains unclear how “an important loss of freedom” should be understood. In order to get a clearer view on the relationship between mental disorder and (a loss of) freedom, in this article, I will explore (...)
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  24. The Future of Neuroethics and the Relevance of the Law.Sjors Ligthart, Thomas Douglas, Christoph Bublitz & Gerben Meynen - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 10 (3):120-121.
    Open Peer Commentary, referring to "Neuroethics at 15: The Current and Future Environment for Neuroethics".
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  25.  21
    Why Authenticity May Be an Inherent Bioethical DBS Concern.Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2014 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 5 (1):37-39.
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  26. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Free Will, and Control.Gerben Meynen - 2012 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 19 (4):323-332.
    Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered to be one of the more common serious mental disorders, with a prevalence rate of about 1% (Heyman et al. 2006). It is characterized by obsessions, or compulsions, or both. According to the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association 1994), obsessions are “recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress.” Compulsions, on the other hand, are repetitive behaviors (e.g., (...)
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  27.  25
    Responding to Human Brain Surrogates Research: The Value of Empirical Ethics.Suzanne Metselaar, Jeroen Geurts & Gerben Meynen - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (1):64-66.
    Greely argues that surrogates for living human brains in vivo might be of tremendous benefit to understanding human brain function—and eventually to curing devastating brain diseases—without...
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  28.  53
    Exploring the similarities and differences between medical assessments of competence and criminal responsibility.Gerben Meynen - 2009 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 12 (4):443-451.
    The medical assessments of criminal responsibility and competence to consent to treatment are performed, developed and debated in distinct domains. In this paper I try to connect these domains by exploring the similarities and differences between both assessments. In my view, in both assessments a decision-making process is evaluated in relation to the possible influence of a mental disorder on this process. I will argue that, in spite of the relevance of the differences, both practices could benefit from the recognition (...)
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  29.  28
    Psychiatric Genomics and the Role of the Family: Beyond the Doctor–Patient Relationship.Guy Widdershoven, Yolande Voskes & Gerben Meynen - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics 17 (4):20-22.
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  30.  23
    Reconsidering Bias: A Hermeneutic Perspective.Suzanne Metselaar, Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (5):33-35.
  31. Generalized anxiety disorder and online intelligence: A phenomenological account of why worrying is unhelpful.Gerben Meynen - 2011 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 6:7-.
    Worrying is the central feature of generalized anxiety disorder . Many people worry from time to time, but in GAD the worrying is prolonged and difficult to control. Worrying is a specific way of coping with perceived threats and feared situations. Meanwhile, it is not considered to be a helpful coping strategy, and the phenomenological account developed in this paper aims to show why. It builds on several phenomenological notions and in particular on Michael Wheeler's application of these notions to (...)
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  32.  27
    Evaluating PAD Requests in Psychiatry: The Importance of Involving Others.Guy Widdershoven, Yolande Voskes, Gerben Meynen & Suzanne Metselaar - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (10):63-65.
    Volume 19, Issue 10, October 2019, Page 63-65.
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  33.  7
    From Personal Interests to Practical Wisdom.Guy Widdershoven, Andrea Ruissen, Anton van Balkom & Gerben Meynen - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (8):101-103.
    Volume 24, Issue 8, August 2024, Page 101-103.
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  34.  83
    Competence in health care: an abilities-based versus a pathology-based approach.Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2012 - Clinical Ethics 7 (1):39-44.
    Competence is central to informed consent and, therefore, to medical practice. In this context, competence is regarded as synonymous with decision-making capacity. There is wide consensus that competence should be approached conceptually by identifying the abilities needed for decision-making capacity. Incompetence, then, is understood as a condition in which certain abilities relevant to decision-making capacity are lacking. This approach has been helpful both in theory and practice. There is, however, another approach to incompetence, namely to relate it to mental disorder. (...)
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  35. Persuasive Technologies and the Right to Mental Liberty: The ‘Smart’ Rehabilitation of Criminal Offenders.Sjors Ligthart, Gerben Meynen & Thomas Douglas - forthcoming - In Marcello Ienca, O. Pollicino, L. Liguori, R. Andorno & E. Stefanini (eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Information Technology, Life Sciences and Human Rights.
    Every day, millions of people use mobile phones, play video games and surf the Internet. It is thus important to determine how technologies like these change what people think and how they behave. This is a central issue in the study of persuasive technologies. ‘Persuasive technologies’—henceforth ‘PTs’—are digital technologies, such as mobile apps, video games and virtual reality systems, that are deployed for the explicit purpose of changing attitudes and/or behaviours, without using coercion, deception or extreme forms of psychological manipulation (...)
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  36.  25
    Emotionality and Competence: Changing Emotions Versus Dealing With Emotions.Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 2 (3):64-66.
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  37.  27
    The Impact of Closed-Loop DBS on Agency: An Open Question.Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 8 (2):79-80.
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  38.  33
    Dealing With the Nocebo Effect: Taking Physician–Patient Interaction Seriously.Suzanne Metselaar, Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics 17 (6):48-50.
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  39.  94
    Psychopathology and causal explanation in practice. A critical note on Heidegger’s Zollikon Seminars.Gerben Meynen & Jacco Verburgt - 2009 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 12 (1):57-66.
    From 1959 until 1969, Heidegger lectured to psychiatrists and psychiatry students at the University of Zurich Psychiatric Clinic and in Zollikon. The transcriptions of these lectures were published as the Zollikon Seminars. In these seminars Heidegger is highly critical of psychoanalysis, because of its causal and objectifying approach to the human being. In general, Heidegger considers it an objectification or even an elimination of the human being to approach a patient from a causal perspective. In our view Heidegger has overlooked (...)
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  40.  60
    Should or should not forensic psychiatrists think about free will?Gerben Meynen - 2009 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 12 (2):203-212.
    The forensic psychiatrist’s task is often considered to be tightly connected to the concept of free will. Yet, there is also a lack of clarity about the role of the concept of free will in forensic psychiatry. Recently, Morse has argued that forensic psychiatrists should not mention free will in their reports or testimonies, and, moreover, that they should not even think about free will. Starting from a discussion on Morse’s claims, I will develop my own view on how forensic (...)
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  41. Neurolaw: Challenges and Opportunities.Gerben Meynen - 2016 - In Legal Insanity: Explorations in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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  42.  39
    Rethinking the Right to Freedom of Thought: A Multidisciplinary Analysis.Sjors Ligthart, Christoph Bublitz, Thomas Douglas, Lisa Forsberg & Gerben Meynen - 2022 - Human Rights Law Review 22 (4):1-14.
    In recent years, there has been increased academic interest in the human right to freedom of thought (RFoT). Scholars from various disciplines are currently debating the content and scope of this right. In his annual thematic report of 2021, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief paid explicit and comprehensive attention to the RFoT, encouraging further clarification of the content and scope of the right. This paper aims to contribute to this end, setting the stage for (...)
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  43.  41
    Autonomy, Free Will, and a Rational Life-Plan: A Practical Perspective.Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):64-65.
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  44.  28
    Reclaiming Narrative Identity and Recovery in Psychiatry.Suzanne Metselaar, Yolande Voskes, Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 8 (3):188-190.
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  45. Competent and Compromised Decision-Making.Gerben Meynen - 2016 - In Legal Insanity: Explorations in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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  46.  57
    Compulsions, Compatibilism, and Control.Gerben Meynen - forthcoming - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 19 (4):343-345.
  47. Concluding Observations on the Present and Future of Insanity.Gerben Meynen - 2016 - In Legal Insanity: Explorations in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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  48.  28
    Dealing With Placebo Effects: A Plea to Take Into Account Contextual Factors.Gerben Meynen & Guy Widdershoven - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (10):19-21.
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  49. Issues to Consider When Revising Legal Insanity.Gerben Meynen - 2016 - In Legal Insanity: Explorations in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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  50. Lack of Free Will and Irrationality.Gerben Meynen - 2016 - In Legal Insanity: Explorations in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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